MARKING SCHEMES 1 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

A LEVEL (P6)
PERMUTATIONS
AND
COMBINATION
MARK SCHEME
MARKING SCHEMES 2 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

1 (a) (i) 3 × 5 × 3 × 2 or M1 For multiplying 3 × 5 × 3

3C1 × 5C1 × 3C1 × 2 A1 For correct answer
= 90
2

(ii) (3 × 5 × 2) + (3 × 3) + (5 × 2 × 3) M1 For summing options that show

= 69 S&M,S&D,M&D
M1 3 × 5 × a + 3 × 3 × b + 5 × 3 × c seen
for integers a,b,c
A1 3 For correct answer

(b) 14 C5× 9C5 × 4C4 or equivalent For using combinations not all 14C…
= 252252 M1 For multiplying choices for two or three
M1 groups
A1 For correct answer
NB 14!/5!5!4! scores M2 and A1if
3 correct answer

2 (i) 9!
= 90720
B1 For dividing by 2! or 2 once or
2!2! twice, or 9P7 or 9C7 seen, can be
implied

B1 2 For correct answer

(ii) 5!4! B1 For 5! or 4! or 4P4 or 5P5 seen in

= 720
2!2! num
OR could do by probs and multiply
by their (i)
B1 For 5! × 4! × k in num of a term,
k = 1 or 2 only

B1 3 For correct final answer

3 (a) (i) 3C1 × 5C1 M1 For multiplying two combinations together

For correct answer
= 15 B1 [2

(ii) 5C1 × 6C2 M1 For seeing 6C2, or separating it into three

alternatives either added or multiplied

= 75 A1
A1 [2 For correct answer

(b)(i) 9!/2!2! = 90720 M1 For dividing by 2! twice

A1 [2] For correct answer

(ii) 5! Or 5P5 B1 5! seen in a numerator

= 120 B1 [2 For correct final answer

MARKING SCHEMES 3 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

4 (i) 13P9 = 259,459,200 or 259,000,000 M1 For using a permutation involving 13

A1 2 For correct answer

(ii) 10! or 10P9 = 3628800 M1 For using a 10

M1 For using a 9!
A1 3 For correct answer

(iii) 1 – (ii) / (i) M1 For a subtraction of a suitable prob < 1, from 1

A1ft 2 For correct answer, ft on their (i) and (ii)
= 0.986

5 (i) P(no orange) = (2/3)5 or 0.132 or 32/243 B1 1 For correct final answer either as a decimal or a
fraction

(ii) P(2 end in 6) = (1/10)2 × (9/10)3 × 5C2 B1 For using (1/10)k k>1
M1 For using a binomial expression with their 1/10
or seeing some p2 *(1-p)3
= 0.0729 A1 3 For correct answer

(iii) P(2 orange end in 6) = (1/30)2 × (29/30)3 × 5C2 M1 For their (1/10)/3 seen

= 0.0100 accept 0.01 A1 2 For correct answer

(iv) n = 5, p = 1/3, B1 For recognising n=5, p = 1/3

mean = 5/3, variance = 10/9 B1 ft 2 For correct mean and variance, ft their n and p, p<1
 MARKING SCHEMES 4 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

7 (i) 9! B1 9! Or 9P9 only

= 362880 (363000) B1 2 correct answer

(ii) 6! × 7P3 B1 6! seen

M1 7P or 7C something or 7 multiplied by something
=151200 A1 mult by 7P3
A1 4 correct answer

(iii) 1 woman: 3C1 × 6C2 = 45 M1 summing cases for 1, 2, 3 women

2 women: 3C2 × 6C1 = 18 B1 one correct case
3 women: 3C3 =1
total = 64 A1 correct answer

OR no restrictions 9C3 (84) B1 9C 3or 84 or 3 times 8C2 seen

Men only M1 attempt at subt of their ‘no women’ case
84 – 20 = 64 A1 3 correct answer

8 (i) (a) 12! B1 Dividing by 4! and 2! only

= 9979200 (9980000)
4!2!
B1 2 Correct answer

(b) 9! B1 9! or 9 × 8! seen not in denom

= 181440 (181000)
2!
B1 2 correct answer

(ii) 6C 2or 4C0 × 2C2 × 6C2 M1 for seeing 6 C something or 6Psomething

or 6C4 or 6P2/2! in a product (could be with 1)

M1 for seeing somethingC2 or 6C4

= 15 A1 3 correct answer

15 with no working scores full

marks

6! M1 For dividing by 3!
9 (i) = 120 A1 2 Correct answer
3!

4!
(ii) 5 ….7 = = 12 M1 For identifying different cases
2! B1 For 4!/2! seen
4!
7…. 5 = = 12
2! B1 For 4! alone seen or in a sum or product
7…. 7 = 4! = 24
total = 48 A1 4 Correct final answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 5 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

12!
10 (i) = 831600 M1 Dividing by 3! 4! and 2! once or twice o.e
2!2!3!4! A1 [2] Correct final answer

6! 6! B1 6! 6!
(ii) × and seen o.e
4!2! 2!3! 4!2! 2!3!

M1 multiplying their numbers for group 1 with their

numbers for group 2
= 900 A1 [3] correct final answer

(iii) 2 × 3 × 7C2 or 2 × 3 × 21 M1 7C2 seen multiplied or 5 options added

= 126 A1 [2] correct final answer

13
11 (i) C10 × 12C9 × 6C4 × 7C4 M1 Expression involving the product of 4 combinations

= 33033000 (33000000) A1 [2] Correct final answer allow 33×106 or 3.3×107

(ii) 5! × 6! B1 6! or 5! or 4! oe seen no denom

= 86400 M1 a single product involving 6! and either 4! or 5!

no denom
A1 [3] Correct final answer

(iii) 4! × 3! × 2 B1 4! or 3! or 4!/4 seen

M1 a single product involving 3! (or 4!/4) and 4!
= 288 A1 [3] Correct final answer

12 (a) (i) 1 × 5 × 4 × 3 or 5C3 × 3! or 5P3 M1 One of these oe

= 60 A1 [2] Correct final answer

(ii) 1 × 63 = 216 M1 Seeing 63

A1 [2] Correct answer

(b) (i) 5G 0B = 8C5 = 56 (× 6C0) M1 Σ 2 or three 2-factor products, C or P

4G 1B = 8C4 × 6C1 = 420 B1 Any correct option unsimplified
3G 2B = 8C3 × 6C2 = 840
A1 A second correct option unsimplified
total = 1316 A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 11
C2 + 11C5 M1 Adding two single perm or comb options
11
Cx + 11Cy
= 55 + 462 B1 One correct unsimplified option
= 517 A1 Correct answer

OR cousins in P(3B, 2G) + P(4B, 1G) M1 Σ 5 or more 2-factor perm or comb terms
+ P(5B, 0G) + cousins out P(3B, 2G)
+ P(2B, 3G) + P(1B, 4G) + P(0B, 5G) B1 3 or more correct unsimplified options
= 28 + 24 + 3 + 28 + 168 + 210 + 56
= 517 A1 [3] Correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 6 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

13 (a) (i) 24 B1 [1] Correct final answer

(ii) 3 digit odd 500+ = 4 ways M1 Attempt for 3 digit odd numbers
3 digit odd 600+ = 3 × 2 = 6 ways
4 digit odd 1000+ = 4 ways M1 Attempt for 4 digit odd numbers
4 digit odd 3000+ = 4 ways
4 digit odd 5000+ = 4 ways
4 digit odd 6000+ = 6 ways M1 For summing their number of ways with 3-digits
OR 4 digit odd, last digit in 3 ways, and their number of ways with 4-digits
2nd to last in 3 ways, 2nd in 2 ways
first in 1 way = 18
Total = 28 ways A1 [4] Correct total
(b) no of ways 4 and 5 not next to each
other
= 6! − 5! × 2! = 720 − 240 M1 Finding ways digits not next to each other
= 480 B1 240 or 480 seen
Prob not next = 480/720 = 2/3 A1 [3] Correct answer

10
14 (i) C1+ 10C3 + 10C5 + 10C7 + 10C9 M1 Summing some 10C combinations with
odd numbers, all different
A1 At least 3 correct unsimplified
expressions
= 512 A1 Correct answer
[3]

(ii) 6! × 7 × 6 × 5 B1 6! seen
M1 multiplying by 7P3 o.e.
= 151200 A1 correct answer
[3]

(iii) 12! / (4! × 7!) B1 12! Seen

M1 dividing by 4!7!
= 3960 A1 correct answer
[3]

15 (i) 362880 (363000) B1 [1]

(ii) PG or GP in 8! × 2 = 80640 or 7/9 of (i) M1 Considering together and also subtracting
from their (i) or using probabilities
B1 8! × 2 or 80640 seen oe
362880 – 80640 = 282240 A1ft correct answer ft 40320 only
[3]
(iii) 9P3 or 9C3 × 3! or 9!/6! M1 9
P3 or 9C3 oe seen allow extra
multiplication
= 504 A1 [2] correct final answer
(iv) 8C2 × 3! or 504 – 8C3 × 3! or 8P2 × 3 M1 8
Cx or 8Px seen allow extra mult, or (iii)/9
or (iii)/3
= 168 A1 [2] correct final answer

(v) PG and x in 7 × 2 × 2 ways = 28 M1 x × 2 × 2 seen or their (iii) – 7 or 7C1 or

7
C2
Answer 504 – 28 = 476 A1 [2] correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 7 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

16 (i) ends cola, 5!/2!2! = 30 M1 Considering all three options

ends green tea, 5!/3!2! = 10
ends orange juice, 5!/3!2! = 10 A1 Any one option correct
total = 50 ways A1 Correct answer

3 2 2 1 2 1
OR P(ends same) = × + × + × M1 OR Considering all three options
7 6 7 6 7 6
5
= A1 Correct fraction
21
5 7!
× = 50 ways A1 Correct answer
21 3!2!2!
[3]

(ii) colas together, no restrictions, 5!/2!2! M1 Considering all colas together, or 5! seen
= 30 ways A1 Correct answer
colas together and green tea together, 4!/2! M1 Considering all colas tog and all green tea tog,
or 4! seen
= 12 ways A1 Correct answer
30 – 12 = 18 ways. A1 Correct final answer

OR1 Attempt to list M1A1 OR1 10 or more, 12 or more correct

M1A1 14 or more, 16 or more correct
A1 18 correct

4×3
OR2 3 × = 18 M1 OR2 Considering all colas together, or 3! seen
2
A1 3 ways for colas and orange juice
M1 Considering green teas not together
A1 4 × 3 or (4 × 3)/2
A1 Correct final answer
[5]

6
17 (i) P4 = 6!/2!
= 360 B1 Correct answer
[1]

(ii) 4!/2! = 12 B1 Correct answer

[1]

(iii) 4! × 6C4 = 360 or 6P4 B1 Correct final answer

[1]

(iv) e.g. 2R 1B 1G, 1R 2B 1G, 1R 1B 2G M1 4!/2! seen

4! 4! 4!
= + + = 36, mult by 6C3 M1 Mult by 6C3
2! 2! 2!
total = 720 A1 Correct answer
[3]

(v) 2R 2B = 4!/2!2! = 6 M1 Considering 2 colours e.g. RRBB or

RBBR or...
Mult by 6C2, total = 90 A1 mult by 6C2
Answer = 360 + 720 + 90 = 1170 A1ft Ft their (iii) + (iv) + (v)
[3]
 MARKING SCHEMES 8 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

18 (i 4M 2W or 5M 1W M1 At least 1 of 10C4 × 9C2 and 10C5 × 9C1

seen
chosen in 10C4 × 9C2 + 10C5 × 9C1 A1 Correct unsimplified expression
= 9828 A1 Correct answer
[3]
9
(ii) C3 × 8C1 + 9C4 = 798 M1 One of 9C3 × 8C1 and 9C4 × (8C0) seen

Prob = 798/9828 = 0.0812 A1 Correct answer

[2]

(iii) Albert + not T... 9C3 × 8C2 + 9C4 × 8C1 M1 One of 9C3 × 8C2 or 9C4 × 8C1 or
9
= 3360 C5 × (8C0) seen
Tracey + not A... 9C4 × 8C1 + 9C5
= 1134 A1 Unsimplified 3360 or 1134 seen

Number of ways = 4494 A1 Correct final answer

[3]

(iv) 6! – 4! × 5 × 2 or 6! – 5! × 2 (= 480)
OR 4! × 5 × 4 or 4! × 5P2 (= 480) B1 6! – 4! × 5 × 2 or 6! – 5! × 2
or 4! × 5 × 4 or 4! × 5P2
prob = 480/6! = 2/3 (0.667) M1 dividing by 6!
A1 correct answer
[3]
OR using probabilities…as above

OR Women together 5!/4! (= 5)

Women not together = 15 – 5 = 10 B1 5 or 10 seen
total ways MMMMWW = 6!/4!2! = 15 M1 Dividing by 15
prob = 2/3 A1 Correct answer

14 14
19 (i) P12 M1 P12 seen oe
= 4.36 × 1010 A1 Correct answer
[2]

(ii) business people 3! = 6 B1 3! oe seen, not in denominator

students 5! = 120 B1 5! oe seen, not in denominator
married couples 3P2 × 2 × 2 = 24 B1 24 oe seen, not in denominator
total ways = 17280 B1 correct final answer
[4]

(iii) Mrs Brown 3 B1 any 2 of 3, 10, 5 oe seen, not in

Mrs Lin 10 denominator
Student 5
Prob = 3 × 10 × 5 × 11P9 / (i) B1 11
P9 seen multiplied
M1 dividing by their (i)

= 0.0687 A1 correct answer

[4]
OR1 3/14 × 10/13 × 5/12 = 150/2184 (0.0687) B1 any 2 of numerators 3, 10, 5 oe seen
B1 denominators 14, 13, 12 of 3 fractions
M1 multiplying 3 separate fractions
A1 correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 9 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

OR2 1 − 3/14 = 11/14 B1 1 − 3/14 seen

1 − 11/14 × 5/13 = 127/182 B1 1 − 11/14 × 5/13 seen
8/14(4/13 × 12/12 + 9/13 × 7/12) + M1 attempt to find P(Mrs Lin not behind a
3/14(3/13 × 12/12 + 10/13 × 7/12) student and Mrs Brown not in front row),
= 1206/2184 involving 8/14 × prob + 3/14 × prob
1 − (1524 + 1716 − 1206)/2184 = 150/2184 A1 correct answer

20 (i) Options 5 bat 5 bl 1 Wk in M1 Multiplying three combinations together

10
C5 × 9C5 × 2C1 = 63504 ways
or 5 bat 4 bl 2 Wk in M1 Summing more than one sensible option
10
C5 × 9C4 × 2C2 = 31752 ways
or 6 bat 4 bl 1 Wk in
10
C6 × 9C4 × 2C1 = 52920 ways A1 Two options correct unsimplified
Total = 148176 (148000) A1 [4] Correct final answer
11!
(ii) = 6930 B1 [1] Correct answer evaluated
5!4!2!
10!
(iii) Omit a pen = 3150 M1 Summing three options
4!4!2!
10!
Omit a diary = 2520 B1 One option correct
5!3!2!
10!
Omit a notebook = 1260
5!4!
Total = 6930 A1 [3] Correct final answer

21 (i) 90720 B1 [1] Not 9!/2!2!

(ii) 3 vowels together B1 3! oe seen multiplied by integer oe
= 3! × 7!/2!2! = 7560 B1 7 or 6! seen multiplied as a num
90720 − 7560 83160
Prob(not together) = = M1 Subt from their (i) or dividing by their (i)
90720 90720 or 1 – prob
= 0.917 (=11/12) A1 [4] Correct answer from correct working
5 5
(iii) One S in C3 ways = 10 M1 C3 seen added
SS in 5C2 ways = 10 M1 5
C2 seen added
Total = 20 A1 [3] Correct answer

OR 6C3 M1 6
C3 × 2 or ÷ 2 or × 1 seen
6
M1 C3 only
= 20 A1 Correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 10 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

22 (i) 4 × 3× 7
= 84 B1 [1] Correct answer
(ii) 10! – 9! × 2 B1 10! − k × 9! seen oe
= 2903040 (2900000) B1 [2] Correct answer

OR 8! × 9 × 8 B1 8! × 9 × l seen oe
= 2903040 (2900000) B1 Correct answer
(iii) 9C1 + 9C2 + ... + 9C9 M1 Using combinations
M1 Adding 9 combinations
= 511 A1 [3] Correct answer

OR 29 – 1 M1 29 seen
M1 Subtracting 1
= 511 A1 Correct answer

12! M1 Dividing by 2! 3! 2!
23 (a) (i) = 19958400 (20,000,000) A1 [2] Correct answer
2!3!2!
4! 9! B1 4! seen multiplied
(ii) × = 362880 B1 9! or 9 × 8! seen multiplied
2! 2!3!
B1 [3] Correct final answer
(b) (i) 3876 × 4! M1 Multiplying by 4!
= 93024 A1 [2] Correct answer
4
(ii) (3!) × 4! M1 3! or 6 or 4! seen
= 31104 A1 [2] Correct final answer

12
24 (i) each in 2 ways = 212 M1 2 seen
= 4096 A1 [ 2] Correct answer

12!
(ii) B1 [1]
7!5!
= 792
25 (a) G R L
11 7 7 = 15C11 × 10C7 × 8C7 = 1310400 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations
13 6 6 = 15C13 × 10C6 × 8C6 = 617400 A1 One of 15600, 617400, 14112 seen
15 5 5 = 15C15 × 10C5 × 8C5 = 14112 M1 Adding 3 options

Total = 1941912 (1940000) A1 [4] Correct answer

(b) e.g. * E * R * E (GG) N * A * E * gives 6
ways for G B1 7! / 3! Or 7!/3!3! seen oe
7!
× 6 or 8!/3! – 2 × 7!/3! B1 Multiplying by 6 (gaps) oe
3!
= 5040 ways. B1 [3] Correct final answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 11 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

26 (i) 3! × 4! × 8! × 3! M1 Multiplying 3 factorials together

M1 Multiplying by 3!
= 34 836 480 (34 800 000) A1 [3] Correct answer
3
(ii) C2×4C2×8C2 M1 Multiplying (only) 3 combinations
together
= 504 A1 [2] Correct answer
(iii) Fr Fa H
3 1 2 = 8C3 × 3C1 × 4C2 = 1008 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations, only
8 3 4
3 2 1 = C3 × C2 × C1 = 672 M1 Summing 3 options
8 3 4
4 1 1 = C4 × C1 × C1 = 840 A1 3 correct combination answers
total ways = 2520 A1 [4] Correct answer

27 (a) (i) 7 couples in 7! ways B1 7! seen multiplied

each couple in 2 ways so 7! × 2 7 M1 mult by 27
= 645120 A1 [3] correct final answer

OR 14 × 12 × 10 × 8 × 6 × 4 × 2 = B2 correct unsimplified answer

645120 A1 correct answer

(ii) 7! × 7!× 2 B1 7! × 7! seen

= 50,803,200 (50,800,000) B1 [2] Correct answer

OR 14 × 6! × 7! B1 14 × 7! seen
B1 Correct answer

(b) (i) 7C2 = 21 B1 [1]

(ii) all in: 1 M1 Considering both cases

all not in: 5C4 = 5
total 6 A1 [2] Correct answer

(iii) 2 girls in: 6C2 × 3C2 = 45 M1 Attempt at summing 2 and 3 girls in the team
3 girls in: 6C1= 6 need not see 3C2
Total 51 A1 [2] Correct answer

28 (i) 11C6 = 462 B1

OR A3 B3 or A4 B2 or A5 B1 or A6
= 8 C 3 + 8 C 4 × 3 C 2 + 8 C 5 × 3C 1 + 8C 6 B1
= 56 + 210 + 168 + 28
= 462 [1]
(ii) 8C 4 × 3 C 2 + 8 C 5 × 3 C 1 + 8C 6 M1 ∑ 2 or more two-factor terms, P or C any
numbers
= 210 + 168 + 28 B1 Any correct option unsimplified
 MARKING SCHEMES 12 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

= 406 A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) 9C4 + 9C6 = 126 + 84 M1 Summing 9Cx + 9Cy can be mult by 2
no other terms
B1 126 or 84 seen or unsimplified 9C4, 9C6
= 210 A1 Correct answer
OR
1,2 in A tog with : A1B3 + A2B2 + A3B1 + M1 ∑ 5 or more 2-factor 6Px or 6Cx with 3Cx or
A4B0 + 1,2 out of A : A3B3 + A4B2 + 3Pxonly (can be mult by 2)
A5B1 + A6B0
= 6C1 + 6C2 × 3C2 + 6C3 × 3C1 + 6C4 + 6C3 × B1 3 or more correct unsimplified options
3C 3 + 6C 4 × 3C 2 + 6C 5 × 3C 1 + 6C 6

= 6 + 45 + 60 + 15 + 20 + 45 + 18 + 1 = 210 A1 Correct answer

OR
462 – 9C5 – 9C5 M1 subt two 9Cx options from their (i)
B1 9C5 seen oe if using this method

= 210 A1 [3] Correct answer

7! 7!
29 (i) ×2 B1 or 840 seen or implied
3! 3!

= 1680 B1 [2] correct answer

(ii) 6
C4 = 15 B1 [1] correct answer

(iii) 1E in 6C3 ways M1 k × 6Ca or k × bC3 (k a constant) or 6Pd or eP3

seen
= 20 A1 [2] correct final answer

(iv) need 2Es in 6C2 ways = 15 ways M1 attempt to find ways with 2Es or 3Es
need 3Es in 6C1 = 6 ways A1 6
C2 oe and 6C1 oe seen
total = 15 + 20 + 15 + 6 M1 summing ways for no Es, 1E, 2Es and 3Es
= 56 ways A1ft [4] correct final answer, ft on their four answers

10! M1 10! or 10P10 seen in num or alone or

30 (a) = 1260 dividing by 5! 4! only
5!4!
A1 [2] Correct final answer

(b) (i) 8P4 or 8C4 × 4! M1 8P4 or 8C 4 oe seen allow extra

multiplication
= 1680 A1 [2] Correct answer

(ii) 6C2 × 4! M1 6C2 or 6P2 seen multiplied

Mult by 4!
= 360 M1 Correct answer

OR 6P4 or 4 × 3 × 6 × 5 = 360 A1 [3] Award full marks

 MARKING SCHEMES 13 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

(c) A B C
1 1 7 = 9C1 × 8C1 × 7C7 (oe) × 3C1 = 216 M1 Summing at least two options of 1, 1, 7
or 1, 3, 5 or 3, 3, 3
1 3 5 = 9C1 × 8C3 × 5C5(oe) × 3! = 3024 M1 Mult an option by 3C1 or 3! or 3C3
M1 Any one of the 2nd term being xCy seen
3 3 3 = 9C3 × 6C3 × 3C3 (oe) = 1680 mult, fitting with the first ( x could be 2,
4, 5, 6 or 8) and correspnding y
A1 Any of unsimplified 72, 504 or 1680
seen
Total = 4920 ways A1 [5] Correct answer

31 (a) Boys in:10C1 × 9C3 = 840 ways M1 summing two 2-factor products, C or P
Boys out: 10C3 × 9C3 = 10080 ways B1 Any correct option unsimplified
Total = 10920 ways (10900) A1 Correct final answer
[3]

(b) (i) 12P8 = 19,958,400 B1 [1] or 20,000,000

(ii) together: 11P7 = 1663200 × 2 = 3326400 B1 11P7 seen

Not tog: 19958400 – 3326400 M1 19958400 or their (i) – their together
(must be >0)
=16,632,000 (16,600,000) A1 [3] correct final answer

OR
M at end then not F in 10 × 10P6 × M1 summing options for M at end and M
2=3024000 ways not at end
not at end in 10 × 9 × 10P6 = 13608000 B1 one correct option
ways
Total = 16,632,000 ways A1 correct final answer

(iii) 8! × 5 = 201600 ways B1 8! seen mult by equivalent of integer ≥

1
M1 Mult by 5
A1 Correct answer SR 8! × 5!=4838400
[3] B2

32 (a) twins in: 6C2 twins out: 5C2 × 6C2 B1 6C2 alone or 5C2 multiplied seen or implied
Total = 15 + 150 M1 Summing two cases
= 165 A1 3 Correct final answer
OR all: 7C2 × 6C2 one twin: 2 × 5C1 × B1 7C2×6C2alone or 5C1 multiplied seen or implied
6C 2 M1 2×5C1 × 6C2 seen, subtracted
Total = 315 − 150 A1 Correct final answer
= 165
 MARKING SCHEMES 14 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

(b)
(i) ends in 2, 6 or 8: 6!/2! (= 360) ways B1 Correct option for ending with 2 or 6 or 8.6!/2!
seen anywhere, not multiplied
ends in 4: 6! (= 720) ways B1 Correct option for ending in 4
Total = 3 × 360 + 720 M1 Summing 3 or 4 even options
= 1800 ways A1 4 Correct final answer
7!/2! seen anywhere, not multiplied
OR1 all: 7!/2! (= 2520) ways B1 6!/2! seen, subtracted
ends in 1 or 7: 6!/2! (= 360) ways B1 Subtract 2 odd options from total options
Total = 2520 − 2 × 360 M1 Correct final answer
= 1800 A1

5 seen, multiplied
OR2 (4A, 4B) final digit: 5 ways B1 6! seen and divide by 2! at some stage
other digits: 6! ways and ÷ by 2! B1 Multiplying their two numbers
Total = 5 × 360 M1 Correct final answer
= 1800 A1
(ii) 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 or 5P4 or 5C4 × 4! or 5! or 5P5 M1 One of these oe
or 6P5÷6
= 120 ways A1 2 Correct final answer
7
2
(c)   M1 2/3 seen multiplied
3 M1 7 probabilities multiplied together
128
= (0.0585) A1 3 Correct final answer
2187

33 (i) 4! × 3! × 5! × 2! × 4! = 829440 B1 4!, 3!, 5!, 2 seen multiplied 1, not in

denominator
B1 Mult by 4!
B1 [3] Correct answer

(ii) 8! × 9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 B1 8! seen multiplied 1

B1 Mult by 9P6
= 2438553600 (2.44 × 109) B1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) 8C3 × 5C3 × 2C2 B1 8C3 seen mult

= 560 B1 5C3 seen mult
B1 [3] Correct answer

34 (i) H J O Mult 3 combs, 2C2 may be implied

1. 2 8 2 = 4C2×9C8×2C2 = 54 M1 4Cx×9Cy×2Cz
3 7 2 = 4C3×9C7×2C2 = 144 M1 Summing 2 or 3 three-factor options
4 6 2 = 4C4×9C6×2C2 = 84 A1 2 options correct unsimplified

Total = 282 ways A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 4! × 6! × 2! × 3! M1 4! × 6! × 2! oe seen multiplied by int

≥1
M1 3! seen mult by int ≥ 1
 MARKING SCHEMES 15 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

= 207360 (207000) A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) 8 J and O trees in 8! = 40320 ways B1 8! seen mult by int ≥ 1 no division

9 gaps × 8 × 7 × 6 M1 9P4 oe or 7P4 or 8P4 seen mult by int
≥ 1 no division

= 121,927,680 (122,000,000) A1 [3] Correct answer

(i) SR 4C2×9C2×2C2×9C6 M1

(ii) 4!×6!×2!
SR or 3! or both M1 M1
4!×6!×2!

35 (i)
S(10) R(14) P(6) M1 Summing 2 or more 3-factor options perms or
1 2 4 = 10C1×14C2×6C4= 13650 combs
1 3 3 = 10C1×14C3×6C3= 72800 M1 Mult 3 combs or 4 combs with Σr=7
2 2 3 = 10C2×14C2×6C3= 81900 B1 2 options correct, unsimplified
Total = 168350 or 168000 A1 [4] Correct answer

(ii) 2! × 2! × 5! M1 2! × 2! oe, seen mult by an integer ≥1, no

division
M1 Mult by 5!, or 5! alone, seen mult by an integer
≥ 1 no division
= 480 A1 [3] Correct answer
2!× 2! 5!
If M0 earned or or both, SCM1
2!× 2! 3!
seen mult by an integer ≥ 1
Or 2!×2!×5! divided by a value

(iii) spaniels and retrievers in 4! ways M1 4! seen multiplied by an integer >1

gaps in 5P3 or 5 × 4 × 3 ways M1 Mult by 5P3 oe
A1 [3] Correct answer
= 1440

If M0 earned SCM1 5C 3 oe
4! P
or 5 3 or both, seen multiplied
2!×2! 3!
by an integer > 1
or
7! – 5! × 3! M1 oe
– {(4! × 2 × 4 × 3!) + M1 oe, e.g. 6 × 5 × 4 × 4!
(4! × 3 × 4 × 3!)} A1
= 1440

If M0 earned
3! × 2! × 2! used as a denominator in
all 4 terms SCM1 Marks cannot be earned from both methods.
 MARKING SCHEMES 16 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

36 (i) M R O
3 1 2 = 7C3 × 5C1 × 8C2 = 4900 M1 Summing more than one 3term option
involving combs (can be added)

3 2 1 = 7C3 × 5C2 × 8C1 = 2800 M1 Mult 3 combs only (indep)

2 2 2 = 7C2 × 5C2 × 8C2 = 5880 A1 1 option correct unsimplified

Total = 13580 A1 4 Correct answer

(ii) 4 groups in 4! ways M1 4! seen mult by something

3 mountain in 3! ways
2 ordinary in 2! ways M1 Mult by 3! for racing or 2! for ordinary

4! × 3! × 2 = 288 A1 3 Correct answer

(iii) e.g. s O x x x x O s s s M1 2! or 4! seen mult

Ordinary in 2!
Rest of bikes in 4! M1 Mult by 5 (ssssb)
Bikes and spaces 5 groups in 5 ways
2! × 4! × 5 = 240 A1 3 Correct answer

37 (i) 1663200 B1 [1]

(ii) M xxxxxxxxx M M1 9! or 9P9 seen

9!
Number of ways = = 30240 A1 [2] Correct answer
3!2!

(iii) 4 vowels together = 8! × 4/2!2! M1 8!/2!2! seen mult by something

= 40320 M1 4 oe 4!/3! or 4C1 etc. seen mult by
something
1663200 – 40320 = 1622880 B1 [3] Correct answer
SC 7!/2!2! × 8P4 or 7! × 8P4/3! Or
7!/2!2! × 8P4/3! M1

(iv) Exactly 2 Es 4C2 = 6 M1 Summing 2 options

Exactly 3 Es 4C1 = 4 B1 One option correct
Total = 10 ways A1 [3] Correct answer

OR 5C2 M2 M1 for k5C2

= 10 A1 Correct ans

8!
38 (i) M1 8! Divided by at least one of 3!2!2! oe
3!2!2!
= 1680 A1 2 Correct answer

(ii) 5! M1 5! Seen (not added, may be divided/multipled)

= 120 A1 2 Correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 17 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

5!4!
(iii) B1 5! Or 4! Seen in sum or product in numerator
3!2!2! (denominator may by 1)
k5!4!
M1 in a numerical expression
3!2!2!
= 120 A1 3 Correct final answer

(iv) GG with AA, AE, EE, RA, RE, RT, M1 Summing 2 options (could be lists)
TA, TE,
= 8 ways
GGG with A, E, R, T = 4 ways A1 1 correct option

Total = 12 ways A1 3 Correct answer

6! B1 6! Seen alone
39 (i) = 360
2! B1 2 Dividing by 2! only

4! 4! B1 4! seen mult
(ii) ×
2! 3! B1 Dividing by 2! or 3! (Mult by 4 implied
B1B1)
= 48 B1 3 Correct answer

(iii) 1N and 1A: N A xx in 3C2 M1 3

Cx or xC2 seen alone
= 3 ways A1 2 Correct answer

(iv) 0 A : Nxxx = 1 way M1 Finding ways with 0 or 2 or 3 As

2 As: NAAx in 3C1 = 3 ways M1 Summing 3 or 4 options
3 As: NAAA in 1 way

Total = 8 ways A1 3 Correct answer

40 (i) 5! × 3! or 6! B1 5! or 3! or 6! oe seen mult or alone

= 720 B1 2 Correct final answer

(ii) 3**4, 3**8, 4**8 M1 considering at least 2 types of 4-figure options

ending with 4 or 8 and starting with 3 or 4
B1 One option correct unsimplified can be implied
= 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 + 5 × 4 = 60 A1 3 Correct final answer

(iii) 5, *5, **5, M1 Appreciating that the number must end in 5 (can
be implied)
= 1 + 7 + 72 M1 summing numbers ending in 5 with at least 2
different numbers of digits
= 57 A1 3 Correct final answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 18 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

41 (i) (a) 6! M1 Seen in a single term expression as numerator

(×) 4! OR (×) 4 × 3 M1 Seen in a single term expression as numerator
(denominator may be 1)
÷ 2!2!3! OR ÷ 2!3! M1 Seen in a single term expression as denominator

Total 720 ways A1 4 Correct ans

7! 7!
(i) (b) 1*******3 = = 420 B1 seen oe
3!2! 3!2!
3*******1= 420 M1 Attempting to evaluate and sum at least 2 of
3*******3= 420 1***3, 3***1, 3***3

Total = 1260 ways A1 3 Correct ans

(ii) (a) 5 × 4 × 3 = 60 ways (5P3) M1 5

P3 or 5C3 ×3! (can be implied)
A1 2 Correct ans

(ii) (b) 2** in

212, 213, 214, 216,
221, 223, 224, 226, M1 Listing attempt starting with 2, at least 10
231, 232, 233, 234, 236, correct entries
241, 242, 243, 246
261, 262, 263, 264, 266
Total = 22 ways A1 2 Correct ans

Alternative Methods:
3 × 4C1 + 2 × 5C1 M1 p × 4C1 + q × 5C1, oe p + q >2

OR OR
5
P2 + 2C1 M1 5
P2 seen

OR OR
4
P2 + 2 × 4P1 + 2C1 M1 Any 2 terms added

42 (i) W(8) M(5)

4 2 = 8C4 × 5C2 = 700 M1 Mult 2 combs, 8Cx × 5Cy
5 1 = 8C5 × 5C1 = 280 M1 Summing 2 or 3 options
6 0 = 8C6 × 5C0 = 28 A1 2 correct options unsimplified
Total = 1008 A1 4 Correct answer

(ii) M1 and MMWWW = 3C2 × 8C3 = 168 M1 Summing 3 options

M2 and MMWWW = 3C2 × 8C3 = 168
Neither and MMMWWW = 3C1 × 8C3 = B1 One correct option
56
Total = 392 A1 3 Correct answer

OR total, no restrictions = 5C3 ×8C3 = M1 Subt 2 men together from no restrictions

560
M1M2 and MWWW = 3C1 × 8C3 = 168 B1 One correct of 560 or 168
560 – 168 = 392 A1 Correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 19 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

43 48
C43 B1 48 seen in a single term combination oe
B1 43 or 5 seen in a single term
combination oe
Both can be mult by integer k [ 1
= 1712304 (1710000) B1 3 Correct final answer

44 (i) 6! ×5! B1 6! oe seen multiplied by integer k [ 1

B1 5! oe seen multiplied by integer k [ 1
= 86400 B1 3 Correct final answer

(ii) 6! × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 B1 6! seen mult by integer k [ 1

B1 Mult by 7P4 oe
= 604800 B1 3 Correct final answer

45 (a) 1*****3 or 3*****1 or 2*****2 M1 Mult by 65 (for middle 5 dice outcomes)

= 65 × 3 M1 Mult by 3 or summing 3 different combinations
(for end dice outcomes)
= 23328 A1 3 Correct answer accept 23 300

(b) W J H
1 1 7 = 9C1×8C1×1 = 72 M1 Multiplying 3 combinations (may be implied)
1 7 1 = 9C1×8C7×1 = 72 A1 1 unsimplified correct answer (72, 504, 1680,
7 1 1 = 9C7×2C1×1 = 72 216 or 3024)
1 3 5 = 9C1×8C3×1 = 504 mult by 3! A1 A 2nd unsimplified different correct answer
3 3 3 = 9C3×6C3×1 = 1680 M1 Summing options for 1,1.7 or 1,3,5 oe (mult by
3 or 3!)
M1 Summing at least 2 different options of the 3

Total 4920 A1 6 Correct ans

If no marks gained If games replaced M1M1M1 max available

Listing all 10 different outcomes SCM1 If factorials used M0M1M1 max available

9!
46 (a) (i) B1 Dividing by 2!2!3!
2!2!3! 2

= 15120 ways B1 [2] Correct answer

8!
(ii) ********3 in = 1680 ways B1 Correct ways end in 3
2!2!3!
8!
********7 in = 3360 ways B1 Correct ways end in 7
2!3!
Total even
= 15120 – 1680 – 3360 M1 Finding odd and subt from 15120
or their (i)
= 10080 ways A1 [4] Correct answer
OR
********2 in 8!/2!3! = 3360 ways B1 One correct way end in even
********6 in 8!/2!2!3! = 1680 ways B1 correct way end in another even
********8 in 8!/2!2!2! = 5040ways M1 Summing 2 or 3 ways
Total = 10080 ways A1 Correct answer
OR
“15120” ×6/9 = 10080 M2 Mult their (i) by 2/3 oe
A2 Correct answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 20 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION
(b) T(3) S(6) G(14)
1 1 3 in 3×6×14C3 = 6552 M1 Mult 3 (combinations) together
1 3 1 in 3×6C3×14 = 840 assume 6 = 6C1etc
3 1 1 in 1×6×14 = 84 M1 Listing at least 4 different options
2 2 1 in 3C2×6C2×14 = 630 M1 Summing at least 4 different
2 1 2 in 3C2×6×14C2 = 1638 options
1 2 2 in 3×6C2×14C2 = 4095 B1 At least 3 correct numerical
options

Total ways = 13839 (13800) A1 [5] Correct answer

47 (a) (i) N*****B

5!
Number of ways = B1 5! Seen in num oe or alone mult by k [ 1
3!
= 20
B1 3! Seen in denom can be mult by k [ 1
B1 3 Correct final answer

(ii) B(AAA)NNS
5!
Number of ways = or 5P3 M1 5! seen as a num can be mult by k [ 1
2!
M1 Dividing by 2!
= 60
A1 3 Correct final answer

14 14
(b) C9 total options = 2002 M1 C9 or 14P9 in subtraction attempt
T and M both in 12C7 = 792 B1 12
C7 (792) seen
Ans 2002 – 792 = 1210 A1 3 Correct final answer
OR
Neither in12C9 = 220 M1 Summing 2 or 3 options at least 1 correct
One in 12C8 = 495 condone 12P9 + 12P8 + 12P8 here only
Other in 12C8 = 495 B1 Second correct option seen accept another
495 or if M1 not awarded, any correct
option

48 (i) W S D
1 1 3 = 6×4×3C3 = 24 M1 Listing at least 4 different options
1 3 1 = 6×4C3×3 = 72 M1 Mult 3 (combs) together assume 6 =
6
C1, Σr=5
3 1 1 = 6C3×4×3 = 240 M1 Summing at least 4 different
1 2 2 = 6×4C2×3C2 = 108 evaluated/unsimplified
2 1 2 = 6C2×4×3C2 = 180 options >1

2 2 1 = 6C2×4C2×3 = 270 B1 At least 3 correct unsimplified

options
Total = 894 A1 [5] Correct answer
3
(ii) P2 × 10P8 B1 3
P2 oe seen multiplied either here or
in (iii)
B1 k10Px seen or kyP8 with no addition,
k[1, y>8, x<10
= 10886400 B1 [3] Correct answer, nfww

(iii) DSWSWSWSWD or DWSWSWSWSD If 3P2 has not gained credit in (ii)

D in 3P2 ways = 6 may be awarded
4
B1 P4 or 6P4 oe seen multiplied or
4
S in P4 ways = 24 common in all terms (no division)
W in 6P4 = 360
Swap SW in 2 ways B1 Mult by 2 (condone 2!)
Total = 103680 ways B1 [3] Correct answer, 3sf or better, nfww
 MARKING SCHEMES 21 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

49 (i) 5 (i) eg **(EEEE)*** M1 Mult by 6! oe

6! M1 Dividing by 2!2! oe
Number of ways = = 180 A1 [3] Correct answer
2!2!

(ii) S*******T or T*******S M1 Mult by 7! Or dividing by one of 2!

7! or 4!
Number of ways = ×2 M1 Mult by 2
4!2!
= 210 A1 [3] Correct answer

(iii) exactly one E in 6C3 ways M1 6

Cx as a single answer
x
= 20 M1 C3 as a single answer
A1 [3] correct answer

9
C6 84 21 3 9
50 P(no men) 16
= = = B1 C 6 seen anywhere
C6 8008 2002 286
16
= 0.0105 B1 C6 seen as denom of fraction oe
B1 3 Correct final answer
9 8 7 6 5 4
OR × × × × × = 0.0105 B1
16 15 14 13 12 11 B1 (9 × 8 × 7 × 6 × 5 × 4) seen anywhere
B1 Correct unsimplified denom
Correct final answer

1
51 (i) B1 1
4
4
3 1 81
(ii)    = = 0.0791 M1 Expression of form p4(1 – p) only,
 4   4  1024 p = 1/4 or 3/4
A1 2 Correct answer

1 1 1 1
(iii) P(all diff) = × × × × 4! M1 4! on numerator seen mult by k ⩾ 1 or
4 4 4 4 3×2×1 on num oe, must be in a fraction.
3 M1 44 on denom or 43 on denom with the
= (0.0938)
32 3× 2× 1
A1 3 Correct answer
3 2 1 3
OR 1× × × =
4 4 4 32
6
52 (i) Two in same taxi: M1 C4 or 6C2 oe seen anywhere
6
C2 × 4C4 × 2 or 6C2 + 6C4 M1 'something' ×2 only or adding 2 equal
terms
= 30 A1 3 Correct final answer
5
(ii) MJS in taxi M1 P1, 5C1 or 5 seen anywhere
(5C1×2×2)× 4P4 M1 Mult by 2 or 4 oe
M1 Mult by 4P4 oe eg 4! or 4×3P3 or can be
part of 5!
= 480 A1 4 Correct final answer
 MARKING SCHEMES 22 TOPIC 5: PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATION

53 (a) e.g. **(AAOOOI)***** B1 8! (8 × 7!) or 6! seen anywhere, either alone

or in numerator)
8! 6!
× = 604800 M1 Dividing by at least 3 of 2!2!2!3! (may be
2!2! 2!3! fractions added)
A1 3 Correct answer

(b) C(7) E(6) A(4) M1 Mult 3 appropriate combinations together

1 1 2 = 7 × 6 × 4C2 = 252 assume 6=6C1, 1=4C0 etc., ∑r=4, C&E both
1 2 1 = 7 × 6C2 × 4 = 420 present
1 3 0 = 7 × 6C3 × 1 = 140
2 1 1 = 7C2 × 6 × 4 = 504 A1 At least 3 correct unsimplified products
2 2 0 = 7C2 × 6C2 × 1 = 315
3 1 0 = 7C3 × 6 × 1 = 210 M1* Listing at least 4 different correct options
DM1 Summing at least 4 outcomes, involving 3
combs or perms, ∑r=4

Total = 1841 A1 5 Correct answer

SC if CE removed, M1 available for listing at

least 4 different correct options for remaining
2.
DM1 for 7C1×6C1×(sum of at least 4
outcomes)