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Phase Diagrams

This document discusses materials engineering concepts including phases, binary phase diagrams, and microstructures in steel alloys. Binary phase diagrams map the equilibrium relationships between temperature, composition, and phases. The iron-carbon phase diagram is examined in detail to understand the microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steel compositions depending on the cooling process.

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Dave Harrison Flores
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132 views

Phase Diagrams

This document discusses materials engineering concepts including phases, binary phase diagrams, and microstructures in steel alloys. Binary phase diagrams map the equilibrium relationships between temperature, composition, and phases. The iron-carbon phase diagram is examined in detail to understand the microstructures that form in hypoeutectoid, eutectoid, and hypereutectoid steel compositions depending on the cooling process.

Uploaded by

Dave Harrison Flores
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ES20b – Materials Engineering

by Olan L. Racaza
Phases
• The solubility limit is the maximum concentration of solute
atoms that may dissolve in the solvent.

• A phase is a homogeneous portion of a system that has


uniform physical and chemical characteristics.
Binary Phase Diagrams
• Binary alloys are alloys that contain two components.

• Binary phase diagrams are maps that represent the


relationships between temperature and the compositions and
quantities of phases at equilibrium, which influence the
microstructure of an alloy.
Binary Phase Diagrams
Phase Diagram of Copper-Nickel Alloy
Interpretation of Phase Diagrams
• Three kinds of information can be gathered from the phase
diagram:
1. Phases Present
2. Composition of Phases
3. Amount of Phases
Determination of Phase Compositions
Tie Rule
Determination of Phase Amounts
Lever Rule

C  C0
WL 
C  C L

C0  C L
W 
C  C L

Wp = fraction of liquid phase


Wα = fraction of solid α phase
Example
• A 50 wt% Ni - 50 wt% Cu alloy is slowly cooled from 1400 °C
to 1200 °C.
a) At what temperature does the first solid phase form?
b) What is the composition of this solid phase?
c) At what temperature does the liquid solidify?
d) What is the composition of this last remaining liquid phase?
* Phase Diagram of Vanilla-Chocolate
The Iron-Carbon System
Iron-Iron Carbide (Fe-Fe3C) Phase Diagram
Development of Microstructures in Steel
Eutectoid Steel (0.76 wt% C)

Pearlite microstructure
C  0.022 6.70  C
WFe 3C  W 
6.70  0.022 6.70  0.022

WFe3C = fraction of total Fe3C phase


Wα = fraction of total α phase
Development of Microstructures in Steel
Hypoeutectoid Steel (0.022-0.76 wt% C)

C0  0.022 0.76  C0
Wp  W ' 
0.76  0.022 0.76  0.022

Wp = fraction of pearlite
Wα' = fraction of proeutectoid α
Development of Microstructures in Steel
Hypereutectoid Steel (0.76-2.14 wt% C)

6.70  C1 C1  0.76
Wp  WFe3C ' 
6.70  0.76 6.70  0.76

Wp = fraction of pearlite
WFe3C' = fraction of proeutectoid Fe3C
Example
• For a 99.65 wt% Fe-0.35 wt% C alloy at a temperature just
below the eutectoid, determine the following:
a) The fractions of total ferrite and cementite phases
b) The fractions of the proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite
c) The fraction of eutectoid ferrite

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