Binomial Theorem

“Obvious” is the most dangerous word in mathematics......... Bell, Eric Temple

Binomial expression :
Any algebraic expression which contains two dissimilar terms is called binomial expression.
1 1
For example : x + y, x 2y + , 3 – x, x2  1 + etc.
xy 2
( x  1)1/ 3
3

Terminology used in binomial theorem :

Factorial notation : or n! is pronounced as factorial n and is defined as
n(n  1)(n  2)........ 3 . 2 .1 ; if n  N
n! = 
 1 ; if n  0

Note : n! = n . (n – 1)! ; nN

Mathematical meaning of n C r : The term n Cr denotes number of combinations of r things choosen

n!
from n distinct things mathematically, n Cr = , n N, r  W, 0 r n
(n  r )! r!
n
Note : Other symbols of of n Cr are   and C(n, r).
r 
n
Properties related to C r :
n
(i) Cr = n Cn – r

Note : If nCx = nCy  Either x = y or x + y = n

n
(ii) Cr + n Cr – 1 = n+1
Cr
n
Cr n r 1
(iii) n =
Cr 1 r

n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))

n n–1 n–2
(iv) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. =
r r(r  1) r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1

(v) If n and r are relatively prime, then n Cr is divisible by n. But converse is not necessarily true.

Statement of binomial theorem :

(a + b)n = n C0 an b0 + n C1 an–1 b1 + n C2 an–2 b2 +...+ n Cr an–r br +...... + n Cn a0 bn

where n  N
n
n
or (a + b) = n  Cr an r b r
r 0

Note : If we put a = 1 and b = x in the above binomial expansion, then

or (1 + x)n = n C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x 2 +... + n Cr x r +...+ n Cn x n
n
n
or (1 + x) = n  Cr x r
r 0

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Binomial Theorem
Example # 1 : Expand the following binomials :
4
 3x 2 
(i) 5
(ii) 1  
(x  2 )  2 

Solution : (i) ( x  2 )5 = 5 C 0 x 5 + 5 C 1 x 4  2 + 5
C2x 3  2 +2 5
C3 x 2  2
3 +5
C 4
x  2 + C  2
4 5
5
5

= x 5 + 5 2 x 4 + 20x 3 + 20 2 x 2 + 20x + 4 2
4 2 3 4
 3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2 
(ii) 1   = 4C + 4C   + 4C   + 4C   + 4C  
 2  0 1  2  2  2  3  2  4  2 
        

27 4 27 6 81 8
= 1 – 6x 2 + x – x + x
2 2 16
10
2 
Example # 2 : Expand the binomial   x  up to four terms
x 
10 10 9 8 7
2  2 2 2 2
Solution :  x  x 10
= C0   10
+ C1   x + 10
C2   x 2 + 10C3   x 3 + ....
  x x x
  x

Self practice problems

6
 y
(1) Write the first three terms in the expansion of  2   .
 3
5
 x2 3 
(2) Expand the binomial    .
 3 x 

80 2 x10 5 7 10 4 135 243

Ans. (1) 64 – 64y + y (2) + x + x + 30x + 2 + .
3 243 27 3 x x5
Observations :
(i) The number of terms in the binomial expansion (a + b) n is n + 1.
(ii) The sum of the indices of a and b in each term is n.
(iii) The binomial coefficients ( n C0, nC1 .......... n Cn ) of the terms equidistant from the beginning and
the end are equal, i.e. n C0 = n Cn , n C1 = n Cn–1 etc. { nCr = nCn–r}
(iv) The binomial coefficient can be remembered with the help of the following pascal’s Triangle
(also known as Meru Prastra provided by Pingla)

Regarding Pascal’s Triangle, we note the following :

(a) Each row of the triangle begins with 1 and ends with 1.
(b) Any entry in a row is the sum of two entries in the preceding row, one on the immediate left and
the other on the immediate right.

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Binomial Theorem
Example # 3 : The number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of (1 + x 4 – 2x 2 )15 is
(A) 21 (B) 31 (C) 41 (D) 61
Solution : (1 – x 2)30
Therefore number of dissimilar terms = 31.

General term :
(x + y)n = n C0 x n y0 + n C1 x n–1 y1 + ...........+ n Cr x n–r yr + ..........+ n Cn x 0 yn
(r + 1)th term is called general term and denoted by T r+1.
T r+1 = n Cr x n–r yr
Note : The rth term from the end is equal to the (n – r + 2) th term from the begining, i.e. n
Cn – r + 1 x r – 1 y n – r + 1
7
 3x 
Example # 4 : Find (i) 15th term of (2x – 3y)20 (ii) 4th term of   y
 5 
Solution : (i) T 14 + 1 = 20C14 (2x)6 (–3y)14 = 20C14 26 314 x 6.y14
4 4
 3x  3
(ii) T3 + 1 = C3   (–y)3 = –7C3   x 4y3
7
5
  5

600
 1 1
Example # 5 : Find the number of rational terms in the expansion of  2 3  3 5 
 
 
600
 1 1
Solution : The general term in the expansion of  2 3  3 5  is
 
 
600 r r
 31   51  600r r
Tr+1 = 600
Cr  2  3  = 600
Cr 2 3 35
   
The above term will be rational if exponent of 3 and 2 are integers
600  r r
It means and must be integers
3 5
The possible set of values of r is {0, 15, 30,45............,600}
Hence, number of rational terms is 41

Middle term(s) :
th
n2
(a) If n is even, there is only one middle term, which is   term.
 2 
th th
 n  1  n1 
(b) If n is odd, there are two middle terms, which are   and   1 terms.
 2   2 

Example # 6 : Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of

11
 y2 
(i) (1 + 2x) 12
(ii)  2y  
 2
Solution : (i) (1 + 2x)12
 12  2  th
Here, n is even, therefore middle term is   term.
 2 

It means T 7 is middle term T 7 = 12C6 (2x)6

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Binomial Theorem
11
 y2 
(ii)  2y  
 2

 11  1 th  11  1  th
Here, n is odd therefore, middle terms are   &  2  1 .
 2   
It means T 6 & T 7 are middle terms
5 6
 y2   y2  11
C6 17
T 6 = C5 (2y)    = –2 111C5 y16  T 7 = 11C6 (2y)5
11 6
  = y
 2  2 2
16
 2 1 
Example # 7 : Find term which is independent of x in  x – 6 
 x 
r
 1 
Solution : T r + 1 = 16Cr (x 2)16–r  – 6 
 x 
For term to be independent of x, exponent of x should be 0
32 – 2r = 6r  r = 4  T 5 is independent of x.

Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a + b) n , n  N

Binomial expansion of (a + b) n is as follows : –
(a + b)n = n C0 an b0 + n C1 an–1 b1 + n C2 an–2 b2 +...+ n Cr an–r br +...... + n Cn a0 bn
If we put certain values of a and b in RHS, then each term of binomial expansion will have certain
value. The term having numerically greatest value is said to be numerically greatest term.
Let T r and T r+1 be the rth and (r + 1)th terms respectively
Tr = n Cr–1 an–(r–1) br–1
Tr+1 = n Cr an–r br
n
Tr 1 Cr a nr br n r 1 b
Now, = n = .
Tr Cr 1 a nr 1br 1 r a

Tr 1
Consider Tr 1

 n  r  1 b n1 a n1
  1  –1  r
 r  a r b a
1
b

n1
Case -  When is an integer (say m), then
a
1
b
(i) T r+1 > T r when r < m (r = 1, 2, 3 ...., m – 1)
i.e. T 2 > T 1, T 3 > T 2, ......., T m > T m–1
(ii) T r+1 = T r when r = m
i.e. T m+1 = T m
(iii) T r+1 < T r when r > m (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..........n )
i.e. T m+2 < T m+1 , T m+3 < T m+2 , ..........T n+1 < T n
Conclusion :
n1
When a is an integer, say m, then T m and T m+1 will be numerically greatest terms (both terms are
1
b
equal in magnitude)

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Binomial Theorem
Case - 
n1
When a is not an integer (Let its integral part be m), then
1
b

n1
(i) T r+1 > T r when r< (r = 1, 2, 3,........, m–1, m)
a
1
b
i.e. T 2 > T 1 , T 3 > T 2, .............., T m+1 > T m
n1
(ii) T r+1 < T r when r > (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..............n)
a
1
b
i.e. T m+2 < T m+1 , T m+3 < T m+2 , .............., T n +1 < T n
Conclusion :
n1
When is not an integer and its integral part is m, then Tm+1 will be the numerically greatest term.
a
1
b

Note : (i) In any binomial expansion, the middle term(s) has greatest binomial coefficient.
In the expansion of (a + b)n
If n No. of greatest binomial coefficient Greatest binomial coefficient
n
Even 1 Cn/2
n
Odd 2 C(n – 1)/2 and n C(n + 1)/2
(Values of both these coefficients are equal )
(ii) In order to obtain the term having numerically greatest coefficient, put a = b = 1, and proceed
as discussed above.
1
Example # 8 : Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (7 – 3x) 25 when x = .
3

n1 25  1 26
Solution : m= = =
a 7 8
1 1
b –1
[m] = 3 ([m] denotes GIF)
 T 4 is numerically greatest term

Self practice problems :

9
 2 3
(3) Find the term independent of x in  x  
 x
(4) The sum of all rational terms in the expansion of (31/7 + 51/2)14 is
(A) 32 (B) 32 + 57 (C) 37 + 52 (D) 57
18
 1
(5) Find the coefficient of x –2 in (1 + x 2 + x 4)  1– 2 
 x 
(6) Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of (1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x 3)2n
2
(7) Find the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 5x) 21 when x = .
5
Ans. (3) 28.37 (4) B (5) –681
6n
(6) C3n . x 3n (7) T 11 = T 12 = 21C10 221

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Binomial Theorem
Example # 9 : Show that 7n + 5 is divisible by 6, where n is a positive integer.
Solution : 7n + 5 = (1 + 6)n + 5
= n C0 + n C1 . 6 + n C2 . 62 + ....... + n Cn 6n + 5.
= 6. C1 + 62. C2 + ....... + Cn . 6n + 6.
= 6, where  is a positive integer
Hence, 7n + 5 is divisible by 6.

Example # 10 : What is the remainder when 781 is divided by 5.

Solution : 781 = 7.780 = 7. (49)40 = 7 (50 – 1)40
= 7 [ 40C0 (50)40 – 40C1 (50)39 + .......... – 40C39 (50)1 + 40C40 (50)0]
= 5(k) + 7(where k is a positive integer)
= 5 (k + 1) + 2
Hence, remainder is 2.

Example # 11 : Find the last digit of the number (13) 12.

Solution : (13)12 = (169)6 = (170 – 1)6
= 6C0 (170)6 – 6C1 (170)5 + ........ – 6C5 (170)1 + 6C6 (170)0
Hence, last digit is 1

Note : We can also conclude that last three digits are 481.

Example-12 : Which number is larger (1.1) 100000 or 10,000 ?

Solution : By Binomial Theorem
(1.1)100000 = (1 + 0.1)100000
= 1 + 100000C1 (0.1) + other positive terms
= 1 + 100000 × 0.1 + other positive terms
= 1 + 10000 + other positive terms
Hence (1.1)100000 > 10,000

Self practice problems :

(8) If n is a positive integer, then show that 6n – 5n – 1 is divisible by 25.

(9) What is the remainder when 3257 is divided by 80 .

(10) Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (81) 25.

(11) Which number is larger (1.3) 2000 or 600

Ans. (9) 3 (10) 1, 01, 001 (11) (1.3)2000.

Some standard expansions :

(i) Consider the expansion
n
n
n
(x + y) = 
r 0
Cr x n–r yr = n C x n y0 + n C x n–1 y1 + ...........+ n C x n–r yr + ..........+ n C x 0 yn ....(i)
0 1 r n

(ii) Now replace y  – y we get

n
n
n
(x – y) = 
r 0
Cr (– 1) r x n–r yr = n C x n y0 – n C x n–1 y1 + ...+ n C (–1)r x n–r yr + ...+ n C (– 1)n x 0 yn ....(ii)
0 1 r n

(iii) Adding (i) & (ii), we get

(x + y)n + (x – y)n = 2[ n C0 x n y0 + n C2 x n – 2 y2 +.........]
(iv) Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get
(x + y)n – (x – y)n = 2[ n C1 x n – 1 y1 + n C3 x n – 3 y3 +.........]

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Binomial Theorem
Properties of binomial coefficients :
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cr x r + .......... + Cn x n ......(1)
where Cr denotes n Cr

(1) The sum of the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) n is 2n

Putting x = 1 in (1)

n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ........+ n Cn = 2n ......(2)
n
n
or  Cr  2n
r0

(2) Again putting x = –1 in (1), we get

n
C0 – n C1 + n C2 – n C3 + ............. + (–1) n n Cn = 0 ......(3)
n
r n
or  (1)
r 0
Cr  0

(3) The sum of the binomial coefficients at odd position is equal to the sum of the binomial coefficients
at even position and each is equal to 2n–1.
from (2) and (3)

n
C0 + n C2 + n C4 + ................ = n C1 + n C3 + n C5 + ................ = 2n–1

(4) Sum of two consecutive binomial coefficients

n
Cr + n Cr–1 = n+1
Cr
n! n!
L.H.S. = n Cr + n Cr–1 = +
(n  r )! r! (n  r  1)! (r  1)!

n! 1 1 
= (n  r )! (r  1)!  
 r n  r  1

n! (n  1)
= (n  r )! (r  1)! r(n  r  1)

(n  1)!
n+1
= = Cr = R.H.S.
(n  r  1)! r!

(5) Ratio of two consecutive binomial coefficients

n
Cr n r 1
n =
Cr 1 r
n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))
n n–1 n–2
(6) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. = r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1
r r(r  1)

Example # 13 : If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ............. + c n x n , then show that

(i) C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4n Cn = 5n .

(ii) 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn = 2n (n + 3).

C1 C2 C Cn 2n1 – 1
(iii) C0 + + + 3 + ......... + =
2 3 4 n1 n1

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Binomial Theorem
Solution : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2x 2 + ........... + Cn x n
put x = 4
C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4n Cn = 5n .
(ii) L.H.S. = 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn
n n n
n n
=  (2r  3) .
r 0
n
Cr = 2 r. Cr + 3 Cr
r 0 r 0

n n
n
= 2n 
r 1
n1
Cr 1 + 3 
r 0
Cr = 2n . 2n – 1 + 3. 2n = 2n (n + 3) RHS

(iii)  Method : By Summation

C1 C2 C Cn
L.H.S. = C0 + + + 3 + ......... +
2 3 4 n1
n n n
Cr 1 n  1 n  n1
=  . =  . n+1
Cr + 1  . Cr  n 1
Cr 1  = 2 – 1 R.H.S.
r0 r 1 n1 r0 r 1  n1

Method : By Integration

(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ...... + Cn x n .

Integrating both sides, within the limits 0 to 1.
1 1
 (1  x)n  1   x2 x3 xn1 
  = C
 0 x  C1  C 2  .....  Cn 
 n  1 0  2 3 n  1 0

2n 1 1  C C C 
– =  C0  1  2  .....  n  – 0
n 1 n1  2 3 n  1

C1 C2 C Cn 2n1 – 1
C0 + + + 3 + ......... + = Proved
2 3 4 n1 n1

Example # 14 : If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ........+ Cn x n , then prove that

(i) C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + .......... + Cn – 1 Cn = 2n Cn – 1 or 2n Cn + 1
(ii) 12. C12 + 22 . C22 + 32. C32 + ......... + n2 Cn 2 . = n2. 2n – 2Cn–1

Solution : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n . ........(i)

(x + 1)n = C0x n + C1x n – 1+ C2x n – 2 + ....... + Cn x 0 ........(ii)
Multiplying (i) and (ii)
(C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n ) (C0x n + C1x n – 1 + ......... + Cn x 0) = (1 + x)2n
Comparing coefficient of xn–1,
C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + .......... + Cn – 1 Cn = 2n Cn – 1 or 2n Cn + 1
(ii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n . ........(i)
differentiating w.r.t x......
n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x 2 + ......... + nCn x n–1.
multiplying by x.......
n x(1 + x)n–1 = C1x + 2C2x 2 + 3C3x 3 + ......... + nCn x n
Now differentiate w.r.t. x.....
n(1 + x)n–1 + n (n–1)x.(1+x)n–2 = 12C1 + 22C2x + 32C3x 2 + ....... + n2Cn x n–1 ........(ii)
(x + 1)n = C0x n + C1x n – 1+ C2x n – 2 + ....... + Cn x 0 ........(iii)
multiplying (ii) & (iii) and comparing the cofficient of x n–1
12. C12 + 22 . C22 + 32. C32 + ......... + n2 Cn 2. = n  2n–1

Cn –1 – 2n– 2 Cn– 2 + n2 2n–2Cn–2
2 2n–2
=n Cn–1 = R.H.S.

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Binomial Theorem
Example # 15 : Find the summation of the following series –
m
(i) C0 + m+1C1 + m+2C2 + .............. + n Cm
n
(ii) C3 + 2 . n+1C3 + 3. n+2C3 + ......... + n . 2n–1C3
Solution : (i) Method : Using property, n Cr + n Cr–1 = n+1Cr
m
C0 + m+1C1 + m+2C2 + .............. + n Cm
m
Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .............. + n Cm
m 1
= C m 1  m1 Cm + m+2
Cm + .............. + n Cm { mCm = m+1Cm+1}
  
m 2
Cm1  m 2 Cm
=   + .................. + n C
m

= m+3Cm+1 + ............. + n Cm = n Cm+1 + n Cm = n+1Cm+1

 Method
m
Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .......... + n Cm
The above series can be obtained by writing the coefficient of x m in
(1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 + ......... + (1 + x) n
Let S = (1 + x) m + (1 + x)m+1 +.............. + (1 + x) n

=

(1  x )m 1  x 
nm1
1  =
1  x n1  1  x m
x x

= coefficient of x m in
1  xn1 –
1  x m
= n + 1Cm +1 + 0 = n + 1Cm +1
x x
n
(ii) C3 + 2 . n+1C3 + 3 . n+2C3 + .......... + n . 2n–1C3
The above series can be obatined by writing the coefficient of x 3 in
(1 + x)n + 2 . (1 + x) n+1 + 3 . (1 + x) n+2 + ........... + n . (1 + x) 2n–1
Let S = (1 + x) n + 2 . (1 + x) n+1 + 3. (1 + x) n+2 + ........... + n (1 + x) 2n–1 .....(i)
(1 + x)S = (1 + x) n+1 + 2 (1 + x) n+2 + ............. + (n – 1) (1 + x) 2n–1 + n(1 + x)2n ....(ii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i)
– xS = (1 + x) n + (1 + x)n+1 + (1 + x)n+2 + .............. + (1 + x) 2n–1 – n(1 + x)2n

=

(1  x)n (1  x )n  1  – n (1 + x) 2n
x

 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n n(1  x )2n

S= +
x2 x
x3 : S 3
(coefficient of x in S)

 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n
n(1  x )2n
x3 : +
x2 x
Hence, required summation of the series is – 2n C5 + n C5 + n . 2n C4
n
Example # 16 : Prove that C1 – C3 + C5 – ........ = 2n/2 sin .
4
Solution : Consider the expansion (1 + x) n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x 2 + ...... + Cn x n ....(i)
putting x = – i in (i) we get
(1 – i)n = C0 – C1i – C2 + C3i + C4 + ....... (– 1) n Cn i n

  n   n 
cos    i sin    = (C – C + C – .......) – i (C – C + C – ...... ) ....(ii)
or 2n 2   4   4  0 2 4 1 3 5

n
Equating the imaginary part in (ii) we get C 1 – C3 + C5 – ........ = 2n/2 sin .
4

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Binomial Theorem
Self practice problems :
(12) Prove the following
(i) 5C0 + 7C1 + 9C2 + ............. + (2n + 5) C n = 2n (n + 5)

42 43 4n 1 5n1  1
(ii) 4C0 + . C1 + C2 + .............. + Cn =
2 3 n1 n 1
n
(iii) C0 . Cn + C1 . Cn–1 + n C2 . n–1Cn–2 + ........... + n Cn . 1C0 = 2n–1 (n + 2)
n+1 n n

2
(iv) C2 + 3C2 + ......... + n C2 = n+1C3

Binomial theorem for negative and fractional indices :

If n  R, then
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + 2!
x2 + 3!
x 3 + ................

n(n  1)(n  2).......(n  r  1)

.................. + r!
x r + .................... .

Rema rks
(i) The above expansion is valid for any rational number other than a whole number if | x | < 1.
(ii) When the index is a negative integer or a fraction then number of terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)n is infinite, and the symbol nCr cannot be used to denote the coefficient of the general term.
(iii) The first term must be unity in the expansion, when index ‘n’ is a negative integer or fraction

  y
n  y n (n  1)  y 
2  y
 x n 1    x n 1  n .     .....  if 1
  x  x 2!  x  x

n
(x + y) = 
 n  2 
 y n 1  x   y n 1  n . x  n (n  1)  x   .....  if x
1
       
y  y 2! y  y


n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  r  1)

(iv) The general term in the expansion of (1 + x) n is T r+1 = xr
r!
(v) When ‘n’ is any rational number other than whole number then approximate value of (1 + x) n is
1 + nx (x 2 and higher powers of x can be neglected)
(vi) Expansions to be remembered (|x| < 1)
(a) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x 2 – x 3 + .......... + (–1) r x r + .........
(b) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + .......... + x r + .........
(c) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x 2 – 4x 3 + .......... + (–1) r (r + 1) x r + ...........
(d) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ............. + (r + 1)x r + ........... 
Example # 17 : Prove that the coefficient of x r in (1 – x)–n is n+r–1Cr
Solution: (r + 1)th term in the expansion of (1 – x) –n can be written as
n( n  1)( n  2)......(n  r  1)
T r +1 = (–x)r
r!

n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1) n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1) r

= (–1)r (–x)r = x
r! r!

(n  1)! n(n  1)......(n  r  1) r (n  r  1)! n+r–1

= x Hence, coefficient of x r is = Cr Proved
(n  1) ! r ! (n  1)! r!

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Binomial Theorem
Example-18 : If x is so small such that its square and higher powers may be neglected, then find the value of
(1  2x)1/ 3  (1  5x)–3 / 2
(9  x)1/ 2

2 15x
(1  2x)1/ 3  (1  5x)–3 / 2 1 x  1 1  49   x
1/ 2

Solution : = 3 2 = 2  x 1 
 6   
(9  x)1/ 2  x
1/ 2
3  9
3 1  
 9

1  49   x  1  x 49  x 49
=  2  6 x   1  18  = 2  9  6 x = 1 – – x = 1 – 149 x
3     2   18 12 36
Self practice problems :
(13) Find the possible set of values of x for which expansion of (3 – 2x) 1/2 is valid in ascending
powers of x.
2 3
2 1.3  2  1.3.5  2 
(14) If y = +   +   + ............., then find the value of y 2 + 2y
5 2! 5 3! 5

2  3x
(15) The coefficient of x 50 in is
(1  x)3
(A) 500 (B) 1000 (C) –1173 (D) 1173

 3 3
Ans. (13) x   ,  (14) 4 (15) C
 2 2

Multinomial theorem :
As we know the Binomial Theorem –
n n
n!
(x + y)n =  n
Cr x n–r yr =  (n  r )! r!
r 0
x n–r yr
r 0

putting n – r = r 1 , r = r2

n!
therefore, (x + y)n = 
r1 r2
r
n 1
! r2 !
x r1 . y r2

Total number of terms in the expansion of (x + y)n is equal to number of non-negative integral solution
of r1 + r2 = n i.e. n+2–1C2–1 = n+1C1 = n + 1

In the same fashion we can write the multinomial theorem

n!
(x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ........... x k)n = 
r1 r2 ... rk
r !
n 1 2
r !... rk !
x 1r1 . x r22 ...x rkk

Here total number of terms in the expansion of (x 1 + x 2 + .......... + x k)n is equal to number of non-
negative integral solution of r 1 + r2 + ........ + rk = n i.e. n+k–1Ck–1
Example # 19 : Find the coefficient of a2 b3 c4 d in the expansion of (a – b – c + d) 10
(10 )!
Solution : (a – b – c + d) 10 = 
r1  r2  r3  r4
r ! r
r1 r2 r3
! r ! r ! (a) ( b) ( c ) (d)
10 1 2 3 4
r4

we want to get a2 b3 c4 d this implies that r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 4, r4 = 1

(10)!
 coeff. of a2 b3 c4 d is 2! 3! 4! 1!
(–1)3 (–1)4 = – 12600

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Binomial Theorem
11
 7
Example # 20 : In the expansion of 1  x   , find the term independent of x.
 x

11 (11)! r
 7 73
Solution : 1  x  
x
=  r !r !r ! (1)r1 ( x)r2  
 r1 r2 r3 11 1 2 3 x

7
The exponent 11 is to be divided among the base variables 1, x and in such a way so that we
x
get x 0.
Therefore, possible set of values of (r 1, r2, r3) are (11, 0, 0), (9, 1, 1), (7, 2, 2), (5, 3, 3), (3, 4, 4),
(1, 5, 5)
Hence the required term is

(11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)!

(70) + 71 + 72 + 73 + 74 + 75
(11)! 9! 1 !1 ! 7! 2 ! 2 ! 5! 3 ! 3 ! 3! 4 ! 4 ! 1! 5 ! 5 !

(11)! 2! (11)! 4! (11) ! 6!

= 1 + 9 ! 2 ! . 1 ! 1 ! 71 + 7 ! 4 ! . 2 ! 2 ! 72 + 5 ! 6 ! . 3 ! 3 ! 73

(11) ! 8! (11) ! (10) !

+ 3 ! 8 ! . 4 ! 4 ! 74 + 1 ! 10 ! . 5 ! 5 ! 75

= 1 + 11C2 . 2C1 . 71 + 11C4 . 4C2 . 72 + 11C6 . 6C3 . 73 + 11C8 . 8C4 . 74 + 11C10 . 10C5 . 75
5
11
=1+ 
r 1
C 2r . 2rCr . 7r

Self practice problems :

(16) The number of terms in the expansion of (a + b + c + d + e) n is

(A) n+4C4 (B) n+3Cn (C) n+5Cn (D) n + 1

(17) Find the coefficient of x 2 y3 z1 in the expansion of (x – 2y – 3z) 7

(18) Find the coefficient of x 17 in (2x 2 – x – 3)9

7!
Ans. (16) A (17) 24 (18) 2304
2! 3! 1!

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 f}in izes;

“Obvious” is the most dangerous word in mathematics......... Bell, Eric Temple

f}in O;a t d (Binomial expression) :

dksbZ chtxf.krh; O;atd ftlesa nks vleku in gSa] f}inh; O;atd dgykrk gSA
1 1
mnkgj.k : x + y, x 2y + , 3 – x, x2  1 + bR;kfnA
xy 2
( x  1)1/ 3
3

f}in iz e s ; es a mi;ks x dh tkus okyh ifjHkk"kk,¡ (Terminology used in binomial theorem) :

Øe xq f .kr : ;k n! dk mPpkj.k Øe xqf.kr n gS rFkk bls fuEu izdkj ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gS
n(n  1)(n  2)........3 . 2 .1 ; ;fn n  N
n! = 
 1 ; ;fn n  0
uks V : n! = n . (n – 1)! ; nN
n
Cr dk xf.krh; vFkZ : in n Cr fHkUu n oLrq vks a ls r oLrq vks a ds p;u djus ds rjhdks a dh la [ ;k dks çnf'kZr djrk gS A
n!
n
Cr = (n  r )! r!

n
uks V : n
Cr ds nw l js fpUg  r  rFkk C(n, r) gS a A
 
n
Cr ls lEcfU/kr xq . k/keZ
n
(i) Cr = n Cn – r

uks V : ;fn nCx = nCy  ;k rks x = y ;k x + y = n

n
(ii) Cr + n Cr – 1 = n+1
Cr
n
Cr n r 1
(iii) n =
Cr 1 r

n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))

n n–1 n–2
(iv) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. = r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1
r r(r  1)
(v) ;fn n vkSj r lg vHkkT; gS] rks n Cr , n ls foHkkftr gS ysfdu bldk foijhr lgh gks] ;s vko';d ugha gSA
f}in iz e s ; dk dFku (Statement of binomial theorem) :
(a + b)n = n C0 an b0 + n C1 an–1 b1 + n C2 an–2 b2 +...+ n Cr an–r br +...... + n Cn a0 bn
tgk¡ n  N
n
n
;k (a + b) = n  Cr an r b r
r 0

uks V : ;fn ge Åij fn;s x, f}in izl kj esa a = 1 rFkk b = x j[krs gSa rks
;k (1 + x)n = n C0 + n C1 x + n C2 x 2 +... + n Cr x r +...+ n Cn x n
n
n
;k (1 + x) = n  Cr x r
r 0

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 f}in izes;
mnkgj.k # 1 : fuEu f}inksa dk izl kj djksA
4
 3x 2 
(i) 5
(ii) 1  
(x  2 )  2 

gy : (i) ( x  2 )5 = 5 C 0 x 5 + 5 C 1 x 4  2 + 5
C2x 3  2 +2 5
C3 x 2  2
3 +5
C 4
x  2 + C  2
4 5
5
5

= x 5 + 5 2 x 4 + 20x 3 + 20 2 x 2 + 20x + 4 2
4 2 3 4
 3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2   3x 2 
1   = 4C + 4C   4   + 4C   + 4C  
(ii)   2  + C2
 2  0 1
 

 2 

3 
 2 

4 
 2 


27 4 27 6 81 8
= 1 – 6x 2 + x – x + x
2 2 16
10
2 
mnkgj.k # 2 : O;atd   x dk izFke pkj inksa rd izl kj djksA
 x 
10 10 9 8 7
2   2 2 2 2
gy :   x = 10C0   + 10C1   x + 10
C2   x 2 + 10C3   x 3 + ....
x  x x x x
vH;kl dk;Z
6
 y
(1)  2   ds iz l kj es a iz Fke rhu in fy[kks A
 3 
5
 x2 3 
(2)   
 3 x  dk izl kj djks A
 
80 2 x10 5 7 10 4 135 243
Ans. (1) 64 – 64y + y (2) + x + x + 30x + 2 + .
3 243 27 3 x x5
çs { k.k (Observations) :
(i) f}in izl kj (a + b)n esa inksa dh la[ ;k n + 1 gSA
(ii) izR;sd in esa a vkSj b dh ?kkrksa dk ;ksx n gSA
(iii) f}in çlkj esa 'kq:vkr vkSj vUr ls leku nwj h ij fLFkr inksa ds f}in xq. kkad cjkcj gksrs gSaA
vFkkZr~ n C0 = nCn , n C1 = n Cn–1 bR;kfn { nCr = nCn–r}
(iv) f}in xq.kkad ikLdy ds f=kHkqt dh lgk;rk ls ;kn fd;s tk ldrs gSa (bls fiaxyk (Pingla) }kjk fn;k x;k
Meru Prastra ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gS A)

Pascal ds f=kHkq t dh lgk;rk ls ] ge fuEu fcUnq iz kIr djrs gS a &

(a) f=kHkqt dh izR;sd iafDr 1 ls 'kq: gksrh gS vkSj 1 ls [kRe gksrh gSA
(b) ,d iafDr esa izR;sd xq. kkad mlds Åij okyh iafä ds nks xq. kkadks dk ;ksx gksrk gSA

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 f}in izes;
mnkgj.k # 3 : (1 + x 4 – 2x 2 )15 ds izl kj esa vleku inksa dh la[ ;k gS –
(A) 21 (B) 31 (C) 41 (D) 61
gy : (1 – x 2)30 ds iz l kj es a vleku inks a dh la [ ;k 31 gS A

O;kid in (General term) :

(x + y)n = n C0 x n y0 + n C1 x n–1 y1 + ...........+ n Cr x n–r yr + ..........+ n Cn x 0 yn es a
(r + 1) ok¡ in O;kid in dgykrk gS A
T r+1 = n Cr x n–r yr
n
uks V : vUr ls rok¡ in] 'kq:vkr ls (n – r + 2)osa in ds cjkcj gS vFkkZr~ Cn – r + 1 x r – 1 y n – r + 1

7
 3x 
mnkgj.k # 4 : Kkr djks (i) (2x – 3y)20 ds iz l kj es a 15ok¡ in (ii)   y ds izl kj esa 4ok¡ in
 5 
gy : (i) T 14 + 1 = 20C14 (2x)6 (–3y)14 = 20C14 26 314 x 6.y14
4 4
 3x  3
(ii) T 3 + 1 = 7C3   (–y)3 = –7C3   x 4y3
 5  5

600
 1 1
mnkgj.k # 5 :  23  3 5  ds izl kj esa ifjes; inksa dh la[ ;k Kkr djksA
 
 
600
 1 1
gy :  23  3 5  ds izl kj esa O;kid in
 
 
600 r r
 31   51  600r r
Tr+1 = 600Cr  2  3  = 600
Cr 2 3 35
   
;fn 3 vkSj 2 dh ?kkr iw. kk±d gS] rks fn;k x;k in ifjes; gksxk –
600  r r
vFkkZr vkSj iw. kk±d gksus pkfg,A
3 5
vr% r ds laHko eku {0, 15, 30,45............,600}
vr% ifjes; inksa dh la[ ;k 41 Ans.

e/; in (Middle term(s)) :

n2
(a) ;fn n le gks] rks dso y ,d e/; in gksxk] tks  2  ok¡ in gSaA
 

   n 1 n1
(b) ;fn n fo"ke gks] rks nks e/; in  2  osa vkSj  2  1 osa gksxsaA
   
mnkgj.k # 6 : fuEu ds izl kj esa e/; in Kkr djks
11
 y2 
(i) (1 + 2x) 12
(ii)  2y  
 2
gy : (i) (1 + 2x)12
 12  2 
;gk¡ n le gS] blfy, e/; in  2  ok¡ in gSA
 
vFkkZr~ T7 e/; in gSA

T 7 = 12C6 (2x)6

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 f}in izes;
11
 y2 
(ii)  2y  
 2
   11  1
 11  1
;gk¡ n fo"ke gS] blfy, e/;in  2  ok¡ vkSj  2  1 ok¡ in gksxsaA
   
vFkkZr~ T6 ,oa T7 e/; in gSA
5 6
 y2   y2  11
C6 17
T 6 = C5 (2y)    = –2 111C5 y16  T 7 = 11C6 (2y)5
11 6
  = y
 2  2 2
16
 2 1 
mnkgj.k # 7 : x – 6  ds foLrkj esa x ls Lora=k in gS&
 x 
r
 1 
gy : 16
T r + 1 = Cr (x ) 2 16–r – 6 
 x 
x Lora =k in ds fy, x dh ?kkr 'kw U; gks u h pkfg,A
32 – 2r = 6r  r = 4  T 5 , x ls Lora =k in

(a + b)n, n  N ds iz l kj es a egÙke la [ ;kRed eku okyk in

(Numerically greatest term in the expansion of (a + b) n , n  N) :
(a + b)n dk f}in iz l kj bl iz dkj gS &
(a + b)n = n C0 an b0 + n C1 an–1 b1 + n C2 an–2 b2 +...+ n Cr an–r br +...... + n Cn a0 bn
;fn ge a vkSj b ds fuf'pr eku nk;sa i{k esa j[krs gS] rks f}in izl kj dk izR;sd in fuf'pr eku j[krk
gSA egÙke la[ ;kRed eku okyk in egÙke la[ ;kRed in dgykrk gSA
ekuk Tr vkSj Tr+1 Øe'k% r osa vkSj (r + 1)osa in gSaA
Tr = n Cr–1 an–(r–1) br–1
Tr+1 = n Cr an–r br
n
Tr 1 Cr a nr br n r 1 b
vc , Tr = n
Cr 1 a nr 1br 1
= .
a
r

Tr 1
1 ij fopkj dhft, &
Tr
 n  r  1 b n1 a n1
  1 –1 r 
 r  a r b a
1
b

n 1
Case -  tc ,d iw. kk±d ekuk (m) gS] rks
a
1
b
(i) T r+1 > T r tc r < m (r = 1, 2, 3 ...., m – 1)
vFkkZr~ T 2 > T 1, T 3 > T 2, ......., T m > T m–1
(ii) T r+1 = T r tc r=m
vFkkZr~ Tm+1 = Tm
(iii) T r+1 < T r tc r > m (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..........n )
vFkkZr~ Tm+2 < Tm+1 , Tm+3 < Tm+2 , ..........T n+1 < Tn

n 1
fu"d"kZ : tc ,d iw. kk±d] ekuk m gS] rc Tm vkSj Tm+1 nksuksa vf/kdre la[ ;kRed eku okys in gSa ¼nksuksa in ekikad
a
1
b
esa leku gSaA½
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 f}in izes;
Case - 
n 1
tc ,d iw. kk±d ugha gS ¼ekuk blds iw. kk±d Hkkx dk eku m gS½] rks
a
1
b

n1
(i) T r+1 > T r tc r< (r = 1, 2, 3,........, m–1, m)
a
1
b
vFkkZr~ T 2 > T 1 , T 3 > T 2, .............., T m+1 > T m
n1
(ii) T r+1 < T r tc r> (r = m + 1, m + 2, ..............n)
a
1
b
vFkkZr~ T m+2 < T m+1 , T m+3 < T m+2 , .............., T n +1 < T n

n 1
fu"d"kZ : tc ,d iw.kk±d ugha gS vkSj blds iw.kk±d Hkkx dk eku m gS] rks Tm+1 vf/kdre la[;kRed eku okyk in gksxkA
a
1
b
uks V : (i) fdlh f}in izl kj esa] e/; in ¼inksa½ egÙke f}in xq. kkad gSA
(a + b)n ds iz l kj es a
;fn n egÙke f}in xq . kka d ks a dh la [ ;k egÙke f}in xq . kka d
n
le 1 Cn/2
n
fo"ke 2 C(n – 1)/2 vkS j n C(n + 1)/2
(bu nks uks a xq . kka dks a ds eku cjkcj gS)
(ii) egÙke la[;kRed xq. kkad okyk in izkIr djus ds fy, a = b = 1 j[krs gSa vkSj mijksDr izfØ;k dk vuql j.k
djrs gSaA
1
mnkgj.k # 8 : (7 – 3x)25 ds foLrkj esa egÙke la[ ;kRed eku okyk in gS tcfd x = .
3
n1 25  1 26
gy % m= = =
a 7 8
1 1
b –1
[m] = 3 ([m] egÙke iw . kkZ a d Qyu dks O;Dr djrk gS A)
 T 4 la [ ;kRed egÙke in gS A

vH;kl dk;Z :
9
 2 3
(3) x   ds foLrkj esa] x ls Lora=k in Kkr dhft,A
 x
(4) (31/7 + 21/2)14 ds iz l kj es a lHkh ifjes ; inks a dk ;ks x Kkr dhft,A
(A) 32 (B) 32 + 57 (C) 37 + 52 (D) 57
18
 1
(5) (1 + x + x )  1– 2 
2 4
ds izl kj esa x –2 dk xq. kkad Kkr dhft,A
 x 
(6) (1 + 3x + 3x 2 + x 3)2n ds iz l kj es a e/; in Kkr dhft,A
2
(7) x= . ds fy, (2 + 5x)21 ds iz l kj es a vf/kdre la [ ;kRed eku okyk in Kkr dhft,A
5
Ans. (3) 28.37 (4) B (5) –681

6n
(6) C3n . x 3n (7) T 11 = T 12 = 21C10 221

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 f}in izes;
mnkgj.k # 9 : iznf'kZr djks fd 7n + 5 , 6 ls foHkkftr gSa] tgk¡ n /kukRed iw. kk±d gSaA
gy : 7n + 5 = (1 + 6)n + 5
= n C0 + n C1 . 6 + n C2 . 62 + ....... + n Cn 6n + 5.
= 6. C1 + 62. C2 + ....... + Cn . 6n + 6.
= 6, (tgk¡  /kukRed iw . kk± d gS )
vr%, 7n + 5, 6 ls HkkT; gSaA .
mnkgj.k # 10 : 781 esa 5 dk Hkkx nsus ij 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
gy % 781 = 7.780 = 7. (49)40 = 7 (50 – 1)40
= 7 [ 40C0 (50)40 – 40C1 (50)39 + .......... – 40C39 (50)1 + 40C40 (50)0]
= 5(k) + 7 ( tgk¡ k /kukRed iw . kk± d gS )
= 5 (k + 1) + 2
vr% 'ks"kQy 2 gSA
mnkgj.k # 11 : (13)12 ds vfUre vad Kkr djks –.
gy % (13)12 = (169)6 = (170 – 1)6
= 6C0 (170)6 – 6C1 (170)5 + ........ – 6C5 (170)1 + 6C6 (170)0
vfUre vad 1 gSA
uks V : ge vfUre 3 vad Hkh Kkr dj ldrs gSa] tks 481 gSA
mnkgj.k #12 : (1.1)100000 or 10,000 ? vkSj 10,000 esa ls dkSulh la[ ;k cM+h gS ?
gy : f}in izes; ds vuql kj
(1.01)1000000 = (1 + 0.01)1000000
= 1 + 1000000C1 (0.01) + vU; /kukRed in
= 1 + 1000000 × 0.01 + vU; /kukRed in
= 1 + 10000 + vU; /kukRed in
1000000
vr % (1.01) > 10,000

vH;kl dk;Z :
(8) ;fn n ,d /kukRed iw. kk±d gS rks fl) djks fd 6n – 5n – 1 , 25 ls foHkkftr gSaA
(9) ;fn 3257 dks 80 ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] rks 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
(10) (81)25. ds vfUre ,d] nks o rhu va d Kkr djks A

(11) (1.2)4000 vkS j 800 es a ls dkS u lh la [ ;k cM+ h gS a A

Ans. (9) 3 (10) 1, 01, 001 (11) (1.3)2000.
dq N ekud iz l kj (Some standard expansions) :
(i) f}in izl kj ls ge tkurs gS
n
n
(x + y)n = 
r 0
Cr x n–r yr = n C0 x n y0 + n C1 x n–1 y1 + ...........+ n Cr x n–r yr + ..........+ n Cn x 0 yn ....(i)

(ii) vc y ds LFkku ij – y j[kus ij &

n
n
(x – y)n = 
r 0
Cr (– 1) r x n–r yr = n C0 x n y0 – n C1 x n–1 y1 + ....+ n Cr (–1)r x n–r yr + ....+ n Cn (– 1)n x 0 yn ....(ii)

(iii) (i) vkS j (ii) dks tksM + u s ij]

(x + y)n + (x – y)n = 2[ n C0 x n y0 + n C2 x n – 2 y2 +.........]

(iv) (i) es a ls (ii) dks ?kVkus ij]

(x + y)n – (x – y)n = 2[ n C1 x n – 1 y1 + n C3 x n – 3 y3 +.........]

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 f}in izes;
f}in xq . kka d ks ds xq . k/keZ (Properties of Binomial Coefficients) :
(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cr x r + .......... + Cn x n ......(1)
tgk¡ Cr , n Cr dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
(1) (1 + x)n ds iz l kj es a f}in xq . kka dks a dk ;ks x 2n gks r k gS A
izes; (1) esa x = 1 j[kus ij
n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ........+ n Cn = 2n ......(2)
n
n
;k  Cr  2n
r0

(2) iqu% (1) esa x = –1 j[kus ij –

n
C0 – n C1 + n C2 – n C3 + ............. + (–1) n n Cn = 0 ......(3)
n
r n
;k  (1)
r 0
Cr  0

(3) fo"ke LFkkuksa ij f}in xq. kkadksa dk ;ksx] le LFkkuksa ij f}in xq. kkadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gS vkSj izR;sd
2n–1 ds cjkcj gks r k gS A
(2) vkS j (3) ls

n
C0 + n C2 + n C4 + ................ = n C1 + n C3 + n C5 + ................ = 2n–1

(4) nks Øekxr f}in xq. kkadksa dk ;ksx

n
Cr + n Cr–1 = n+1
Cr
n! n!
L.H.S. = n Cr + n Cr–1 = +
(n  r )! r! (n  r  1)! (r  1)!

n! 1 1 
= (n  r )! (r  1)!  
 r n  r  1

n! (n  1) (n  1)!
= (n  r )! (r  1)! r(n  r  1)
= (n  r  1)! r!
n+1
= Cr = R.H.S.
(5) nks Øekxr f}in xq. kkadks dk vuqikr
n
Cr n r 1
n =
Cr 1 r
n n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  (r  1))
n n–1 n–2
(6) Cr = Cr–1 = Cr–2 = ............. = r (r  1)(r  2).......2 .1
r r(r  1)

mnkgj.k # 13 : ;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ............. + cn x n , gks rks n'kkZb;sA

(i) C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4n Cn = 5n .

(ii) 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn = 2n (n + 3).

C1 C2 C3 Cn 2n1 – 1
(iii) C0 + + + + ......... + =
2 3 4 n1 n1

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 f}in izes;
gy : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2x 2 + ........... + Cn x n
x = 4 j[kus ij
C0 + 4C1 + 42C2 + .......... + 4n Cn = 5n .
(ii) L.H.S. = 3C0 + 5C1 + 7. C2 + ........ + (2n + 3) Cn
n n n
n n
=  (2r  3) .
r 0
n
Cr = 2 r. Cr + 3 Cr
r 0 r 0

n n
n
= 2n 
r 1
n1
Cr 1 + 3 
r 0
Cr = 2n . 2n – 1 + 3. 2n = 2n (n + 3) RHS

(iii)  fof/k : ;ks x Qy ls

C1 C2 C Cn
L.H.S. = C0 + + + 3 + ......... +
2 3 4 n1
n n n
Cr 1 n  1 n  n1
=  . =  . n+1
Cr + 1  . Cr  n 1
Cr 1  = 2 – 1 R.H.S.
r0 r 1 n1 r0 r 1  n1

 fof/k : lekdy ls

(1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ...... + Cn x n .

nksuks rjQ lekdyu djds lhek 0 ls 1 j[kus ij
1 1
 (1  x)n  1   x2 x3 xn1 
 C
 =  0 x  C1  C 2  .....  Cn 
 n  1 0  2 3 n  1 0

2n 1 1  C C C 
– =  C0  1  2  .....  n  – 0
n 1 n1  2 3 n  1

C1 C2 C Cn 2n1 – 1
C0 + + + 3 + ......... + = fl)A
2 3 4 n1 n1

mnkgj.k # 14 : ;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ........+ Cn x n , gks rks fl) dhft,
(i) C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + .......... + Cn – 1 Cn = 2n Cn – 1 or 2n Cn + 1
(ii) 12. C12 + 22 . C22 + 32. C32 + ......... + n2 Cn 2 . = n2. 2n – 2Cn–1
gy : (i) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n . ........(i)
(x + 1)n = C0x n + C1x n – 1+ C2x n – 2 + ....... + Cn x 0 ........(ii)
(i) vkS j (ii) dks xq . kk djus ij
(C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n ) (C0x n + C1x n – 1 + ......... + Cn x 0) = (1 + x)2n
x n–1 ds xq . kka d dh rq yuk djus ij
C0C1 + C1C2 + C2C3 + .......... + Cn – 1 Cn = 2n Cn – 1 or 2n Cn + 1
(ii) (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 + ......... + Cn x n . ........(i)
x ds lkis { k vodyu djus ij
n(1 + x)n–1 = C1 + 2C2x + 3C3x 2 + ......... + nCn x n–1.
x ls xq . kk djus ij
n x(1 + x)n–1 = C1x + 2C2x 2 + 3C3x 3 + ......... + nCn x n
x ds lkis { k vodyu djus ij
n(1 + x)n–1 + n (n–1)x.(1+x)n–2 = 12C1 + 22C2x + 32C3x 2 + ....... + n2Cn x n–1 ........(ii)
(x + 1)n = C0x n + C1x n – 1+ C2x n – 2 + ....... + Cn x 0 ........(iii)
(ii) vkS j (iii) dks xq . kk djds x n–1 ds xq . kka d dh rq yuk djus ij
12. C12 + 22 . C22 + 32. C32 + ......... + n2 Cn 2. = n  2n–1

Cn –1 – 2n– 2 Cn– 2 + n2 2n–2Cn–2
2 2n–2
=n Cn–1 = R.H.S.

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 f}in izes;
mnkgj.k # 15 : nh xbZ Js. kh dk ;ksx Kkr dhft, &
m
(i) Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .............. + n Cm
n
(ii) C3 + 2 . n+1C3 + 3. n+2C3 + ......... + n . 2n–1C3
gy : (i) iz Fke fof/k % xq . k/keZ n Cr + n Cr–1 = n+1Cr ds iz ; ks x ls
m
Cm + m+1Cm + m+2Cm + .............. + n Cm
m 1
= C m 1  m1 Cm + m+2
Cm + .............. + n Cm { mCm = m+1Cm+1}
  
m 2
Cm1  m 2 Cm
=   + .................. + n C
m

m+3
= Cm+1 + ............. + n Cm = n Cm+1 + n Cm = n+1
Cm+1

f}rh; fof/k
m m+1
Cm + Cm + m+2Cm + .......... + n Cm
fuEu ds izl kj esa x m dk xq. kkad] gh mijksDr Js. kh gSA
(1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 + ......... + (1 + x) n
ekuk S = (1 + x)m + (1 + x)m+1 +.............. + (1 + x) n

=

(1  x )m 1  x 
nm1
1  =
1  x n1  1  x m
x x

=
1  xn1 –
1  x m esa x m dk xq . kka d = n+1
Cm +1 + 0 = n+1
Cm +1
x x
n n+1 n+2
(ii) C3 + 2 . C3 + 3 .C3 + .......... + n . 2n–1C3
mijksDr Js. kh] fuEufyf[kr izl kj esa x 3 dk xq. kkad gh gSA
(1 + x)n + 2 . (1 + x) n+1 + 3 . (1 + x) n+2 + ........... + n . (1 + x) 2n–1
ekuk S = (1 + x)n + 2 . (1 + x)n+1 + 3. (1 + x)n+2 + ........... + n (1 + x) 2n–1 .....(i)
(1 + x)S = (1 + x) n+1 + 2 (1 + x) n+2 + ............. + (n – 1) (1 + x) 2n–1 + n(1 + x)2n ....(ii)
(i) es a ls (ii) dks ?kVkus ij
– xS = (1 + x) n + (1 + x)n+1 + (1 + x)n+2 + .............. + (1 + x) 2n–1 – n(1 + x)2n

=

(1  x)n (1  x )n  1  – n (1 + x) 2n
x

 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n n(1  x )2n

S= +
x2 x
x3 : S (S es a x 3 dk xq . kka d)

 (1  x )2n  (1  x )n n(1  x )2n

x3 : +
x2 x
vr% nh xbZ Js. kh dk ;ksx gksxk – 2n C5 + n C5 + n . 2n C4
n
mnkgj.k # 16 : fl) djks fd C1 – C3 + C5 – ........ = 2n/2 sin .
4
gy : ge tkurs gS (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x 2 + ...... + Cn x n ....(i)
(i) es a x = – i j[kus ij
(1 – i)n = C0 – C1i – C2 + C3i + C4 + ....... (– 1) n Cn i n
  n   n 
cos    i sin    = (C – C + C – .......) – i (C – C + C – ...... ) ....(ii)
;k 2n 2   4   4  0 2 4 1 3 5

n
(ii) es a dkYifud Hkkx dh rq yuk djus ij] C1 – C3 + C5 – ........ = 2n/2 sin .
4
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 f}in izes;
vH;kl dk;Z :
(12) fl) djks fd –
(i) 5C0 + 7C1 + 9C2 + ............. + (2n + 5) C n = 2n (n + 5)
42 43 4n 1 5n1  1
(ii) 4C0 + . C1 + C2 + .............. + Cn =
2 3 n1 n 1
n
(iii) C0 . n+1Cn + n C1 . n Cn–1 + n C2 . n–1Cn–2 + ........... + n Cn . 1C0 = 2n–1 (n + 2)
2
(iv) C2 + 3C2 + ......... + n C2 = n+1C3

_.kkRed rFkk fHkUukRed ?kkrks a ds fy, f}in iz e s ;

(Binomial theorem for negative and fractional indices)
;fn n  R rc ,
n(n  1) n(n  1)(n  2)
(1 + x)n = 1 + nx + 2!
x 2
+ 3!
x 3 + ................

n(n  1)(n  2).......(n  r  1)

.................. + x r + .................... .
r!
fVIi.kh
(i) ;fn | x | < 1 gks] rks mijksDr izl kj] iw. kZ la[ ;kvksa ds vykok izR;sd ifjes; la[ ;k ds fy, lR; gksrk gSaA
(ii) ?kkr n dk eku _.kkRed iw. kkZad vFkok fHkUu gksus ij] mijksDr izl kj esa inksa dh la[ ;k vuUr gksrh gS vkSj
rc O;kid in ds xq. kkad dks n Cr ls ugha n'kkZ; k tk ldrkA
(iii) izl kj esa igyk in 1 gksuk pkfg, ;fn ?kkr n ,d _.kkRed iw. kk±d ;k fHkUu gSA

  y
n  y n (n  1)  y 
2  y
 x n 1    x n 1  n .     .....  if 1
  x  x 2!  x  x

n
(x + y) = 
 n  2 
 y n 1  x   y n 1  n . x  n (n  1)  x   .....  if x
1
   
y   y 2 !  y   y
 

n(n  1)(n  2).........(n  r  1)

(iv) (1 + x)n ds iz l kj es a lkekU; in T r+1 = x r gS A
r!
(v) tc ‘n’ iw. kZ la[ ;k ds vykok dksbZ ifjes; la[ ;k gS rc (1 + x)n dk vuqekfur eku 1 + nx gSA
(x 2 vkS j mPp ?kkrks a dks ux.; ekuus ij )
(vi) dqN egÙoiw. kZ izl kj (|x| < 1)
(a) (1 + x)–1 = 1 – x + x 2 – x 3 + .......... + (–1) r x r + .........
(b) (1 – x)–1 = 1 + x + x 2 + x 3 + .......... + x r + .........
(c) (1 + x)–2 = 1 – 2x + 3x 2 – 4x 3 + .......... + (–1) r (r + 1) x r + ...........
(d) (1 – x)–2 = 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + ............. + (r + 1)x r + ........... 

mnkgj.k # 17 : fl) djks fd (1 – x)–n ds izl kj esa x r dk xq. kkad n+r–1

Cr gS A
gy : (1 – x)–n ds iz l kj es a (r + 1) os a in dks fuEu iz dkj fy[kk tk ldrk gS A
n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1)
T r +1 = (–x)r
r!

n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1) n(n  1)(n  2)......(n  r  1) r

= (–1)r (–x)r = x
r! r!

(n  1)! n(n  1)......(n  r  1) r (n  r  1)! n+r–1

= x vr% x r dk xq. kkad = Cr Proved
(n  1) ! r ! (n  1)! r!

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 f}in izes;
(1  2x)1/ 3  (1  5x)–3 / 2
mnkgj.k #18 : ;fn x bruk de gS fd bldk oxZ vkSj mPp ?kkrksa dks ux.; ekuk tk ldrk gS] rks (9  x)1/ 2
dk eku Kkr djksA
2 15x
(1  2x)1/ 3  (1  5x)–3 / 2 1 x  1 1/ 2

gy : = 3 2 = 1  2  49 x   1  x 
 6   
(9  x)1/ 2  x
1/ 2
3  9
3 1  
 9

1  49   x  1  x 49  x 49
=  2  6 x   1  18  = 2  9  6 x = 1 – – x = 1 – 149 x
3     2   18 12 36
vH;kl dk;Z :
(13) x ds ekuks a dk leq Pp; Kkr dhft;s ] ftlds fy, (3 – 2x)1/2 dk iz l kj x dh c<+ r h gq bZ ?kkrks a es a oS | gS a A
2 3
2 1.3  2  1.3.5  2 
(14) ;fn y= +   +   + ............. gks] rks y2 + 2y dk eku Kkr dhft,A
5 2 ! 5
  3! 5

2  3x
(15) x 50 in esa x 50 dk xq. kkad Kkr djksA
(1  x)3
(A) 500 (B) 1000 (C) –1173 (D) 1173
 3 3
Ans. (13) x   ,  (14) 4 (15) C
 2 2
cgq i nh; iz e s ; (Multinomial Theorem) :
ge tkurs gSa fd f}?kkr izes; –
n n
n!
(x + y)n =  n
Cr x n–r yr =  (n  r )! r!
r 0
x n–r yr
r 0

n – r = r1 , r = r2 j[kus ij

n!
(x + y)n = 
r1 r2
r
n 1
! r2 !
x r1 . y r2

(x + y)n ds iz l kj es a inks a dh la [ ;k r1 + r2 = n ds v_.kkRed iw . kk± d gyks a dh la [ ;k ds cjkcj gS A

vFkkZr~ n+2–1C2–1 = n+1C1 = n + 1

blh izdkj cgqinh; izes; dks fuEu :i esa fy[kk tk ldrk gSa&
n!
(x 1 + x 2 + x 3 + ........... x k)n = 
r1 r2 ... rk
r !
n 1 2
r !... rk !
x 1r1 . x r22 ...x rkk

n
;gk¡ (x 1 + x 2 + .......... + x k) ds izl kj esa inksa dh la[ ;k r1 + r2 + ........ + rk = n ds v_.kkRed iw. kk±d gyksa dh
la[ ;k ds cjkcj gSaA vFkkZr~ n+k–1Ck–1
mnkgj.k # 19 : (a – b – c + d)10 ds izl kj esa a2 b3 c4 d dk xq. kkad Kkr djksA
(10 )!
gy : (a – b – c + d) 10 = 
r1  r2  r3  r4
r1 r2 r3
r ! r ! r ! r ! (a) ( b) ( c ) (d)
10 1 2 3 4
r4

2 3 4
a b c d dk xq . kka d Kkr djus ds fy;s Li"Vr% r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 4, r4 = 1
(10)!
 a2 b3 c4 d dk xq . kka d 2! 3! 4! 1! (–1)3 (–1)4 = – 12600 Ans.

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 f}in izes;
11
 7
mnkgj.k # 20 :  1  x   ds izl kj esa x ls Lora=k in Kkr dhft;sA
 x

11 (11)! r
 7 73
gy : 1  x  
x
=  r !r !r ! (1)r1 ( x)r2  
 r1 r2 r3 11 1 2 3 x

7
vc nh xbZ ?kkr 11 dks] fn;s x;s pj vk/kkjksa 1, x ,oa esa bl izdkj forfjr djrs gS fd gesa x 0 izkIr gksA
x

vr% bl forj.k gsrq (r1, r2, r3) lEHko leqPp; (11, 0, 0), (9, 1, 1), (7, 2, 2), (5, 3, 3), (3, 4, 4),
(1, 5, 5) gks xs a A
vr% vHkh"B in gksxk &

(11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)! (11)!

(70) + 71 + 72 + 73 + 74 + 75
(11)! 9! 1 !1 ! 7! 2 ! 2 ! 5! 3 ! 3 ! 3! 4 ! 4 ! 1! 5 ! 5 !

(11)! 2! (11)! 4! (11) ! 6!

= 1 + 9 ! 2 ! . 1 ! 1 ! 71 + 7 ! 4 ! . 2 ! 2 ! 72 + 5 ! 6 ! . 3 ! 3 ! 73

(11) ! 8! (11) ! (10) !

+ 3 ! 8 ! . 4 ! 4 ! 74 + 1 ! 10 ! . 5 ! 5 ! 75

= 1 + 11C2 . 2C1 . 71 + 11C4 . 4C2 . 72 + 11C6 . 6C3 . 73 + 11C8 . 8C4 . 74 + 11C10 . 10C5 . 75

5
11
=1+ 
r 1
C 2r . 2rCr . 7r

vH;kl dk;Z :

(16) (a + b + c + d + e) n ds iz l kj es a inks a dh la [ ;k gS a –
(A) n+4C4 (B) n+3Cn (C) n+5Cn (D) n + 1

(17) (x – 2y – 3z) 7 es a x 2 y3 z1 dk xq . kka d Kkr djks A

(18) (2x 2 – x – 3)9 es a x 17 dk xq . kka d Kkr djks A

7!
Ans. (16) A (17) 24 (18) 2304
2! 3! 1!

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Binomial Theorem

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
PART - I : SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Hkkx - I : fo"k;kRed iz'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½
Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n
[k.M (A) : O;kid in ,oa (ax +b)n esa xk dk xq.kkad
A-1. Expand the following :
fuEu dk izl kj djks :
5 4
2 x  2 2
(i)    , (x  0) (ii)  y   , (y  0)
x 2  y

5 3 3 5
 2  2 2 x x x
Ans. (i)   – 5   + 10   – 10   + 5   –  
x x x 2  2  2

32 16
(ii) y8 + 8y5 + 24y2 + + 4
y y
n
 1 
A-2. In the binomial expansion of  3 2  3  , the ratio of the 7th term from the begining to the 7th term
 3
from the end is 1 : 6 ; find n.
n
3 1 
 2  ds izl kj esa izkjEHk ls 7 osa in vkSj var ls 7 osa in dk vuqikr 1 : 6 gS] rc n dk eku Kkr djksA
 3 
 3
Ans. n=9
5 5
A-3_. Find the degree of the polynomial x  (x3  1) 2  1
   x  (x 3 1
 1) 2 .
5 5
cgqin  x  (x3  1)    x  (x  . dh ?kkr Kkr dhft,A
1 3 1
2
 1) 2
Ans. 7
A-4. Find the coefficient of
(i) x 6y3 in (x + y)9 (ii) a5 b7 in (a – 2b)12
xq. kkad dk eku Kkr djks&
(i) (x + y)9 es a x 6y3 dk (ii) (a – 2b)12 es a a5 b7 dk
Ans. (i) 9C3 (ii) – 27 . 12C7
11 11
 2 1   1 
A-5. Find the co-efficient of x 7 in  a x   and of x 7 in  a x   and find the relation between
 b x   b x2 
 
'a' & 'b' so that these co-efficients are equal. (where a, b  0).
11 11
 2 1   
 a x   7
ds izl kj esa x dk xq. kkad vkSj a x  1  ds izl kj esa x – 7 dk xq.kkad Kkr djksA ;fn ;s xq. kkad
 b x  

2 
bx 
ijLij cjkcj gks] rks 'a' ,oa 'b' ds chp lEcU/k Kkr djks(tgk¡ a, b  0)

11 C
a6 a5
Ans. , 111C6 , ab= 1
5
b5 b6
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Binomial Theorem
A-6. Find the term independent of 'x' in the expansion of the expression,
9
3 1 
(1 + x + 2 x 3)  x 2   .
2 3 x 

9
3 1 
(1 + x + 2 x 3)  x 2   ds iz l kj es a x ls Lora =k in Kkr dhft,A
2 3 x 

17
Ans.
54
A-7_. (i) Find the coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x)6(1 – x)7.
(ii) Find the coefficient of x4 in (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5
(i) (1 + 2x)6(1 – x)7 esa x5 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(ii) (1 + 2x)4 (2 – x)5 esa x4 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. (i) 171
(ii) –438
n
 3 1
A-8 In the expansion of  x  2  , n  N, if the sum of the coefficients of x 5 and x 10 is 0, then n is :
 x 
Ans. 15
n
 3 1
;fn  x  2  , n  N ds izl kj esa x 5 vkSj x 10 ds xq. kkadks dk ;ksx 'kwU; gks] rks n gS&
x
Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms
[k.M (B) : e?; in] 'ks"kQy vkSj la[ ;[email protected]; egÙke in
B-1. Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of
fuEu ds izl kj esa e/; in Kkr djks&
7
x y
(i)    (ii) (1 – 2x + x 2)n
y x

35x 35y (2n)!

Ans. (i) – , (ii) (–1)n n! n! x n
y x
B-2. Prove that the co-efficient of the middle term in the expansion of (1 + x) 2n is equal to the sum of the
co-efficients of middle terms in the expansion of (1 + x) 2n  1.
fl) djks fd (1 + x)2n ds izl kj esa e/; in dk xq. kkad] (1 + x)2n  1 ds izl kj esa e/; inksa ds xq. kkadksa ds ;ksxQy ds
cjkcj gSA
B-3. (i) Find the remainder when 798 is divided by 5
(ii) Using binomial theorem prove that 6n – 5n always leaves the remainder 1 when divided by 25.
(iii) Find the last digit, last two digits and last three digits of the number (27) 27.
(i) ;fn 798 dks 5 ls foHkkftr fd;k tk,] rks 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
(ii) f}in izes; dk mi;ksx djrs gq, fl) dhft, fd 6n – 5n dks 25 ls foHkkftr djus ij izkIr 'ks"kQy lnSo
1 gks r k gS A

(iii) (27)27 dk vfUre va d] vfUre nks va d o vfUre rhu va d Kkr djks A

Ans. (i) 4
(iii) 3, 03, 803

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Binomial Theorem
B-4. Which is larger : (9950 + 10050) or (101)50.
(9950 + 10050) rFkk (101)50 es a ls dkS u lk cM+ k gS \
Ans. 10150
1
B-5. (i) Find numerically greatest term(s) in the expansion of (3 – 5x) 15 when x =
5
(ii) Which term is the numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2x + 5y)34, when x = 3 & y = 2 ?

1
(i) ;fn x = rc (3 – 5x)15 ds izl kj esa egÙke la[ ;kRed eku okyk¼okys½ in Kkr djksA
5
(ii) (2x + 5y)34ds foLrkj es a la [ ;kRed egÙke in gks xk tc x = 3 rFkk y = 2 ?
Ans. (i) T 4 = – 455  312 and T 5 = 455 × 312
(ii) 22
B-6. Find the term in the expansion of (2x – 5) 6 which have
(i) Greatest binomial coefficient (ii) Greatest numerical coefficient
(iii) Algebrically greatest coefficient (iv) Algebrically least coefficient
(2x – 5)6 ds iz l kj es a og in Kkr djks tks j[krk gS
(i) egÙke f}in xq. kkad (ii) egÙke la[ ;kRed xq. kkad
(iii) egÙke chtxf.krh; xq. kkad (iv) U;wure chtxf.krh; xq. kkad
Ans. (i) T4 (ii) T 5, T6 (iii) T5 (iv) T6

Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial coeffi-
cients
[k.M (C) : Js.kh dk ;ksx] pj Åijh lwpdkad ,oa f}in xq.kkadks dk xq.ku
C-1. If C0, C1, C2, ... Cn are the binomial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x) n then prove that :
;fn (1 + x)n, n  N ds izl kj eas C0, C1, C2,.., Cn f}in xq. kkad gS] rks fl) djks :
3.2  1 3 2.2 2  1 33.23  1 3n.2n  1 2 3n  3n
(i)_ C1 + C2 + C3 + ........ + Cn =
2 22 23 2n 2n

C1 C C Cn n (n  1)
(ii) + 2 2 + 3 3 +........ + n =
C0 C1 C2 Cn  1 2

C0 C1 C 2 ........ Cn  1 (n  1)n
(iii) (C0 + C1) (C1 + C2) (C2 + C3) (C3 + C4)........ (Cn  1 + Cn) = .
n!
(iv) Co  2C1 + 3C2  4C3 +.... + (1)n (n+1) Cn = 0

42 43 4n 1 5n1  1
(v) 4C0 + . C1 + C2 + .............. + Cn =
2 3 n1 n 1

2 2.C 0 23 .C1 2 4 .C 2 2n  2.Cn 3n  2  2n  5

(vi)    ......  
1. 2 2.3 3.4 (n 1) (n  2) (n  1) (n  2)

2 2.C1 2 3.C2 2 4.C3 2n  1.Cn 3n  1 1

C-2. Co +    ...... 
2 3 4 n1 n 1

C-3. Prove that nCr + n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .............. + r Cr = n+1Cr+1

fl) djks nCr + n–1Cr + n–2Cr + .............. + rCr = n+1Cr+1

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Binomial Theorem

C-4. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x 2 + ......... + Cn x n, prove that

;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1 x + C2 x 2 + ......... + Cn x n, fl) djks
(2n)!
(i) C0 C3 + C1 C4 + ......... + Cn – 3 Cn = (n  3)! (n  3)!

(2n)!
(ii) C0 Cr + C1 Cr + 1 + .......... + Cn – r Cn = (n  r )! (n  r )!

(iii) C02 – C12 + C22 – C32 + ........ + (–1) n Cn2 = 0 or (–1)n/2 Cn/2 according as n is odd or even.
Co²  C1² + C2²  C3² +...... + (1)n Cn² = 0 ;k (1)n/2 Cn/2 ;fn n fo"ke ;k le gS A

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

[k.M (D) : _.kkRed o fHké ?kkrkad] cgqinh; çes;
D-1. Find the co-efficient of x 6 in the expansion of (1  2 x)5/2.
(1  2 x)5/2 ds iz l kj es a x 6 dk xq . kka d Kkr dhft,A
15015
Ans.
16

4  2x  x 2
D-2_. (i) Find the coeff of x12 in
(1  x )3

3  5x
(ii) Find the coeff of x100 in
(1  x )2

4  2x  x 2
(i) esa x12 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(1  x )3

3  5x
(ii) esa x100 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
(1  x )2

Ans. (i) 142

(ii) – 197
D-3. Assuming ' x ' to be so small that x 2 and higher powers of ' x ' can be neglected, show that,

 1  34 x  4
(16  3 x)1/ 2
is approximately equal to, 1 
305
x.
2/ 3 96
(8  x )

;fn 'x' dk eku bruk vYi gS fd x 2 vkSj 'x' dh mPp ?kkrksa dks ux.; ekuk tk ldrk gS rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd

 1  34 x  4
(16  3 x)1/ 2
dk eku yxHkx 1 
305
x gSA
2/ 3 96
(8  x )
D-4. (i) Find the coefficient of a5 b4 c7 in the expansion of (bc + ca  ab)8.
(ii) Sum of coefficients of odd powers of x in expansion of (9x 2 + x – 8)6
(i) (bc + ca  ab)8 ds iz l kj es a a5 b4 c7 dk xq . kka d Kkr djks A
(ii) (9x 2 + x – 8)6 ds iz l kj es a x dh fo"ke ?kkrks a ds xq . kka dks dk ;ks xQy gS A
Ans. (i) 280 (ii) 25
D-5. Find the coefficient of x 7 in (1 – 2x + x 3)5 .
(1 – 2x + x 3)5 es a x 7 dk xq . kka d Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 20
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Binomial Theorem

PART - II : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - II : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

Section (A) : General Term & Coefficient of xk in (ax +b)n

[k.M (A) : O;kid in ,oa (ax +b)n esa xk dk xq.kkad
2m 1
x y
A-1. The (m + 1) term of   
th
is:
y x
(A) independent of x (B) a constant
(C*) depends on the ratio x/y and m (D) none of these
2m  1
x y
   dk (m + 1)ok¡ in
y x
(A) x ij fuHkZ j ugha gS A (B) vpj gS A
(C) vuq ikr x/y vkS j m ij fuHkZ j gS A (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
A-2. The total number of distinct terms in the expansion of, (x + a) 100 + (x  a)100 after simplification is :
(A) 50 (B) 202 (C*) 51 (D) none of these
(x + a)100 + (x  a)100 ds iz l kj es a fHkUu&fHkUu inks a dh la [ ;k gS :
(A) 50 (B) 202 (C) 51 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha

18 3  7 3  3. 18 . 7 . 25
A-3. The value of, is :
3 6  6 . 243 . 2  15 . 81. 4  20 . 27 . 8  15 . 9 . 16  6 . 3 . 32  64
(A*) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) none

18 3  7 3  3. 18 . 7 . 25
dk eku gS –
3 6  6 . 243 . 2  15 . 81. 4  20 . 27 . 8  15 . 9 . 16  6 . 3 . 32  64

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha

15
 17 
A-4. In the expansion of  3   3 2  ,
the 11th term is a :
 4 
(A) positive integer (B*) positive irrational number
(C) negative integer (D) negative irrational number.
15
 17 
 3   3 2  ds iz l kj es a 11
1ok¡ in gS –
 4 

(A) /kukRed iw .kk± d (B) /kukRed vifjes ; la [;k

(C) _.kkRed iw .kk±d (D) _.kkRed vifjes ; la[ ;k
n n
 a  C3
A-5. If the second term of the expansion a1/ 13   is 14a5/2, then the value of n is:
 a 1  C2

n n
  C3
;fn a1/ 13  a  ds izl kj esa f}rh; in 14a5/2 gS] rks n
dk eku gS&
 a 1  C2
(A*) 4 (B) 3 (C) 12 (D) 6

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Binomial Theorem
A-6. In the expansion of (71/3 + 111/9)6561, the number of terms free from radicals is:
(71/3 + 111/9)6561 ds iz l kj es a dj.kh fpUg (radical sign) ls jfgr inks a dh la [ ;k gS –
(A*) 730 (B) 729 (C) 725 (D) 750
A-7. The value of m, for which the coefficients of the (2m + 1) th and (4m + 5)th terms in the expansion of
(1 + x)10 are equal, is
(1 + x)10 ds iz l kj es a (2m + 1)os a ,oa (4m + 5)os a inks a ds xq . kka d leku gS a ] rks m dk eku gS &
(A) 3 (B*) 1 (C) 5 (D) 8
8
 1
A-8. The co-efficient of x in the expansion of (1  2 x 3 + 3 x 5)  1   is :
 x

8
 1
(1  2 x 3 + 3 x 5)  1   ds iz l kj es a x dk xq . kka d gS &
 x
(A) 56 (B) 65 (C*) 154 (D) 62
1/3 1/2 15
A-9. Given that the term of the expansion (x  x ) which does not contain x is 5 m, where m N,then m=
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C*) 1001 (D) 1002
1/3 1/2 15
;fn (x  x ) ds izl kj esa x ls Lora=k in 5 m ds cjkcj gS] tgk¡ m  N, rks m =
(A) 1100 (B) 1010 (C) 1001 (D) 1002
4 3
1 1
A-10. The term independent of x in the expansion of  x    x   is:
 x  x
4 3
 1  1
 x    x   ds iz l kj es a x ls Lora =k in gS a &
 x  x
(A)  3 (B*) 0 (C) 1 (D) 3
Section (B) : Middle term, Remainder & Numerically/Algebrically Greatest terms
[k.M (B) : e?; in] 'ks"kQy vkSj la[ ;[email protected]; egÙke in
8
k 
B-1. If k  R and the middle term of   2  is 1120, then value of k is:
 2 
(A) 3 (B*) 2 (C)  3 (D)  4
8
 k
;fn k  R vkSj   2  dk e/; in 1120 gS] rks k dk eku gksxk :
2 
(A) 3 (B) 2 (C)  3 (D)  4

B-2. The remainder when 22003 is divided by 17 is :

;fn 22003 dks 17 ls foHkkftr fd;k tkrk gS] rks 'ks"kQy gksxk &
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 8 (D) 7
B-3. The last two digits of the number 3400 are:
la[ ;k 3400 ds vfUre nks vad gS :
(A) 81 (B) 43 (C) 29 (D*) 01
B-4. The last three digits in 10 ! are :
10 ! ds eku es a vfUre rhu va d gS –
(A*) 800 (B) 700 (C) 500 (D) 600

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Binomial Theorem
10 n
Cr
B-5. The value of 
r 1
r. n
Cr 1
is equal to

10 n
Cr
r .
r 1
n
Cr 1
dk eku cjkcj gS&

(A*) 5 (2n – 9) (B) 10 n (C) 9 (n – 4) (D) n –2

n1 n
C
B-6.  n Cr  nrCr1 =
r 0

n n1 n n (n  1)
(A*) (B) (C) (n + 1) (D)
2 2 2 2 (n  1)
B-7. Find numerically greatest term in the expansion of (2 + 3 x)9, when x = 3/2.
(2 + 3 x)9 ds iz l kj es a x = 3/2 ds fy, egÙke la [ ;kRed eku okyk in gS &
(A*) 9C6. 29. (3/2)12 (B) 9C3. 29. (3/2)6 (C) 9C5. 29. (3/2)10 (D) 9C4. 29. (3/2)8

B-8. The greatest integer less than or equal to ( 2 + 1)6 is

( 2 + 1)6 ls de ;k cjkcj egÙke iw . kkZ a d gS &
(A) 196 (B*) 197 (C) 198 (D) 199
Section (C) : Summation of series, Variable upper index & Product of binomial coeffi-
cients
[k.M (C) : Js.kh dk ;ksx] pj Åijh lwpdkad ,oa f}in xq.kkadks dk xq.ku
11 11 11 11
C0 C1 C2 C10
C-1.    ......  =
1 2 3 11

2111 2111 3111 3111

(A) (B*) (C) (D)
11 6 11 6
C0 C1 C2 C3 Cn
C-2. The value of – + – +.......... + (–1) n is :
1.3 2.3 3. 3 4.3 (n  1) . 3

3 n1 1
(A) (B) (C*) (D) none of these
n1 3 3(n  1)

C0 C1 C2 C3 Cn
– + – +.......... + (–1) n dk eku gksxk&
1.3 2.3 3.3 4.3 (n  1) . 3

3 n1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
n1 3 3(n  1)

5
C-3. The value of the expression 47C4 + 
j 1
52  j
C3 is equal to:

5
O;atd 47
C4 + 
j 1
52  j
C3 dk eku cjkcj gS &

(A) 47C5 (B) 52C5 (C*) 52C4 (D) 49C4

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Binomial Theorem

 50   50   50   50   50   50  n
C-4. The value of     +     +...........+     is, where n C =
r
 
0  1  1 2  49   50  r

 50   50   50   50   50   50  n
    +     +...........+     dk eku gksxk] tgk¡ n Cr =  
0  1  1 2  49   50  r  
2
 100   100   50   50 
(A)   (B*)   (C)   (D)  
 50   51   25   25 

Section (D) : Negative & fractional index, Multinomial theorem

[k.M (D) : _.kkRed o fHké ?kkrkad] cgqinh; çes;
D-1. If x < 1, then the co-efficient of x n in the expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 +.......)2 is
;fn x < 1, rks (1 + x + x 2 + x 3 +.......)2 ds izl kj esa x n dk xq. kkad gS &
(A) n (B) n  1 (C) n + 2 (D*) n + 1

D-2. The coefficient of x 4 in the expansion of (1  x + 2x 2)12 is:

(1  x + 2x 2)12 ds iz l kj es a x 4 dk xq . kka d gS –
(A) 12C3 (B) 13C3 (C) 14C4 (D*) 12C3+ 3 13C3 + 14C4

D-3. If (1 + x)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +......+ a10x 10, then value of

(a0 – a2 + a4 – a6 + a8 – a10)2 + (a1 – a3 + a5 – a7 + a9)2 is
(A*) 210 (B) 2 (C) 220 (D) None of these
;fn (1 + x) = a0 + a1x + a2x +......+ a10x gks] rks (a0 – a2 + a4 – a6 + a8 – a10)2 + (a1 – a3 + a5 – a7 + a9)2
10 2 10

dk eku gS&
(A) 210 (B) 2 (C) 220 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha

PART - III : MATCH THE COLUMN

Hkkx - III : dkWye dks lqesfyr dhft, (MATCH THE COLUMN )

1. Column – I Column – II

(A) If (r + 1)th term is the first negative term in the expansion (p) divisible by 2
of (1 + x)7/2 , then the value of r (where 0 < x < 1) is

(B) If the sum of the co-efficients in the expansion of (q) divisible by 5

(1 + 2x)n is 6561, and Tr is the greatest term
in the expansion for x = 1/2 then r is

n
(C) Cr is divisible by n, (1 < r < n) if n is (r) divisible by 10

(D) The coefficient of x4 in the expression (s) a prime number

(1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ......up to )1/2 is c, (c  N),
then c + 1 (where | x | < 1) is

Ans. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (q), (C)  (s), (D)  (p, s)

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Binomial Theorem
LrEHk – I LrEHk – II

(A) ;fn (1 + x)7/2 ds izlkj esa (r + 1)ok¡ in izFke _.kkRed in gS] rks (p) 2 ls foHkkftr gS
r dk eku gS & (tgk¡ 0 < x < 1)

(B) ;fn (1 + 2x)n ds izlkj esa xq.kkadks dk ;ksxQy 6561, (q) 5 ls foHkkftr gS
vkSj x = 1/2 ds fy, Tr vf/kdre in gS rc r gSA
n
(C) Cr, (1 < r < n), n ls foHkkftr gksxk ;fn n gS] (r) 10 ls foHkkftr gS

(D) O;atd (1 + 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + ...... vuUr inksa rd)1/2 esa x4 dk xq.kkad (s) ,d vHkkT; la[;k
c, (c  N) gS] rks c + 1 gS & (tgk¡ | x | < 1)
Ans. (A)  (q, s), (B)  (q) (C)  (s), (D)  (p, s)

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Binomial Theorem

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz 'u nks gjkus ;ks X; iz 'u gS A

PART - I : ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx-I : dsoy ,d lgh fodYi çdkj (ONLY ONE OPTION CORRECT TYPE)

1_. In the expansion of

21
 a b 
3 3 , the term containing same powers of a & b is
 b a 


(A) 11th term (B*) 13th term (C) 12th term (D) 6th term
21
 a b 
3 3 , ds foLrkj esa a vkSj b dh leku ?kkrksa ds in gS &
 b a 

(A) 11th oka in (B*) 13th oka in (C) 12th oka in (D) 6th oka in
2. Consider the following statements :
S1 : Number of dissimilar terms in the expansion of (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)n is 3n + 1
S2 : (1 + x) (1 + x + x 2) (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)...... (1 + x + x 2 +...... + x 100) when written in the ascending
power of x then the highest exponent of x is 5000.
nr
S3 : 
k 1
n  kC
r = nCr+1

3n  1
S4 : If (1 + x + x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2 x 2 + ...... + a2n x 2n , then a0 + a2 + a4 + ....... + a2n =
2
State, in order, whether S1, S2, S3, S4 are true or false
ekuk fd fuEu dFku gS &
S1 : (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)n ds izlkj esa fofHkUu inksa dh la[;k 3n + 1 gSA
S2 : (1 + x) (1 + x + x 2) (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)...... (1 + x + x 2 +...... + x 100) dks ;fn x dh c<+ r h gq bZ ?kkrks a ds
Øe esa fy[kk tkrk gS] rks x dh vf/kdre ?kkr 5000 gksxh &
nr
S3 : 
k 1
n  kC
r = nCr+1

3n  1
S4 : ;fn (1 + x + x 2)n = a0 + a1x + a2 x 2 + ...... + a2n x 2n , rks a0 + a2 + a4 + ....... + a2n =
2
S1, S2, S3, S4 ds lR; (T) ;k vlR; (F) gks u s dk lgh Øe gS &

(A*) TFTF (B) TTTT (C) FFFF (D) FTFT

n
Cr  4 nCr 1  6 nCr 2  4 nCr  3  nCr  4 nk
3_. If 
n n n
Cr  3 Cr 1  3 Cr  2  Cr  3 n r  k then the value of k is :

n
Cr  4 nCr 1  6 nCr 2  4 nCr  3  nCr  4 nk

;fn n n n
Cr  3 Cr 1  3 Cr  2  Cr  3 n r  k gks rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 5

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Binomial Theorem

4. The co-efficient of x 5 in the expansion of (1 + x) 21 + (1 + x)22 +....... + (1 + x) 30 is :

(1 + x)21 + (1 + x)22 +....... + (1 + x) 30 ds iz l kj es a x 5 dk xq . kka d gS :
(A) 51C5 (B) 9C5 (C*) 31C6  21C6 (D) 30C5 + 20C5

100
100
5. The coefficient of x 52 in the expansion 
m 0
Cm (x – 3)100–m. 2m is :

100
100

m 0
Cm (x – 3)100–m. 2m ds iz l kj es a x 52 dk xq . kka d gS &

(A) 100C47 (B*) 100C48 (C) –100C52 (D) –100C100

6. The sum of the coefficients of all the integral powers of x in the expansion of 1 2 x  
40
is :

1 2 x  40
ds izl kj esa x dh lHkh iw. kk±d ?kkrksa ds xq. kkadksa dk ;ksxQy gS –
1 40 1 40
(A) 340 + 1 (B) 340 – 1 (C) (3 – 1) (D*) (3 + 1)
2 2
n
r n (1  rn10)
7_.  (1)
r 0
Cr .
(1  n10n )r


n
r n (1  rn10)
 (1)
r 0
Cr .
(1  n10n )r
Kkr dhft,A

(A*) 0 (B) 1/2 (C) 1 (D) None of these ¼buesa ls dksbZ½

10
 
 x 1 x 1 
8. The coefficient of the term independent of x in the expansion of  2 1
 1  is :
 3 
 x  x3 1 x  x2 
10
 
 x 1 x 1 
 2 1
 1 
ds izl kj esa x ls Lora=k in dk xq. kkad gS &
 3 3 2 
 x  x 1 x  x 
(A) 70 (B) 112 (C) 105 (D*) 210
9. Coefficient of x n  1 in the expansion of, (x + 3)n + (x + 3)n  1 (x + 2) + (x + 3)n  2 (x + 2)2 +..... + (x + 2)n
is :
(x + 3)n + (x + 3)n  1 (x + 2) + (x + 3) n  2 (x + 2)2 +..... + (x + 2) n ds iz l kj es a x n  1 dk xq . kka d gS &
(A) n+1C2(3) (B) n1C2(5) (C*) n+1C2(5) (D) nC2(5)
10. Let f(n) = 10n + 3.4n +2 + 5, n  N. The greatest value of the integer which divides f(n) for all n is :
(A) 27 (B*) 9 (C) 3 (D) None of these
ekuk f(n) = 10n + 3.4n +2 + 5, n  N rc og vf/kdre iw. kk±d tks f(n) dks n ds izR;sd eku ds fy, foHkkftr djrk
gS &
(A) 27 (B) 9 (C) 3 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
n n 100
ar (101)
11. If (1 + x) = n

ar x and br = 1 + r
ar 1
and br =
100 !

, then n equals to :
r0 r 1
(A) 99 (B*) 100 (C) 101 (D) 102

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Binomial Theorem
n n
ar (101)100
;fn (1 + x)n =  ar x r vkS j br = 1 +
ar 1
vkSj  br =
100 !
, rks n cjkcj gS :
r0 r 1
(A) 99 (B) 100 (C) 101 (D) 102

6
12_. Number of rational terms in the expansion of 1  2  5   is :

6
1  2 5  ds foLrkj esa ifjesa; inksa dh la[‘;k gS &
(A) 7 (B*) 10 (C) 6 (D) 8

13_. If S  404 C 4  4 C1.303 C 4  4 C 2 .202 C 5  4 C 3 .101C 4  (101)k then k equals to :

;fn S  404 C 4  4 C1.303 C4  4 C2 .202 C5  4 C3 .101C4  (101)k rc k dk gSA

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C*) 4 (D) 6

2 2
14_.
10 2 2
C0 10 C1 10 C2  .... 
2
 10
C9   10
C10  =

2
(A) 0 (B)  10
C5  (C*) –10C5 (D) 2 9C5

n
15. The sum  (r + 1) Cr2 is equal to :
r0

n
;ksxQy  (r + 1) Cr2 cjkcj gS –
r0

n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 ! n  2 2n  1 !

(A*) n ! n  1 !
(B) n ! n  1 !
(C) n ! n  1 !
(D) n ! n  1 !

16. If (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)5 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +....................... + a 15x 15, then a10 equals to :
;fn (1 + x + x 2 + x 3)5 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +....................... + a15x 15 gks] rks a10 =
(A) 99 (B*) 101 (C) 100 (D) 110

n n
1 n  2r
17. If an = 
r 0
n
Cr
, the value of 
r 0
n
Cr
is :

n n
1 n  2r
;fn an =  n C gks, rks  n
Cr
dk eku gksxk &
r 0 r r 0

n 1
(A) a (B) a (C) nan (D*) 0
2 n 4 n
18. The sum of: 3. n C0  8. n C1 + 13. n C2  18. n C3 +.... upto (n+1) terms is (n  2):
(A*) zero (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) none of these
3. n C0  8. n C1 + 13. n C2  18. n C3 +.... ds (n+1) inks a dk ;ks xQy gS (n  2) :
(A) 'kwU; (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha

n1 3
 n 
Cr 4
19_. If ;fn  n n
 
r  0  Cr  Cr 1 
5
then rc n =

(A*) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) None of these buesa ls dksb ugha

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Binomial Theorem
n
 1 
20. The number of terms in the expansion of  x 2  1  2  , n  N, is :
 x 
n
 2 1 
 x  1  2  , n  N ds iz l kj es a inks a dh la [ ;k gS –
 x 
(A) 2n (B) 3n (C*) 2n + 1 (D) 3n + 1

PART - II : SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE

Hkkx - II : ,dy ,oa f}&iw.kk±d eku izdkj ¼SINGLE AND DOUBLE VALUE INTEGER TYPE½

1 1 1 1 2
1._ If    ......   (2k –1 – 1) then find the value of k.
1!10! 2!9! 3!10! 1!10! k!

1 1 1 1 2 k –1
;fn 1!10!  2!9!  3!10!  ......  1!10!  k! (2 – 1) rc k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. k = 11
8
 1 2 
2. If the 6 term in the expansion of  8 / 3  x log10 x is 5600, then x =
th

x 
8
 1 2 
;fn  8/ 3  x log10 x ds izl kj esa NBoka in 5600 gS] rks x =
x 
8
Ans. 10  2 
 log 5 4 x  44 1 
3. The number of values of ' x ' for which the fourth term in the expansion,  5 5  
8 3 x1
is 336, is : log 2 7 
 2
 5 log 5 4 x  44 1

 5 5 
' x ' ds ekuks a dh la [ ;k gks xh ftlds fy, O;a td  5   es a pkS Fkk in 336 gS &
x1
 log5 3 2 7 
 5 
Ans. 2
4. If second, third and fourth terms in the expansion of (x + a) n are 240, 720 and 1080 respectively,
then n is equal to
;fn (x + a)n ds foLrkj esa nqljk] rhljk vkSj pkSFkk in Øe'k% 240, 720 rFkk 1080 gS rc n dk eku cjkcj gS
Ans. 5
5
P  Q
5. Let the co-efficients of x n in (1 + x)2n & (1 + x)2n  1 be P & Q respectively, then   =
 Q 
5
ekukfd (1 + x)2n ,oa (1 + x)2n  1 ds izl kj esa x n ds xq. kkad Øe'k% P ,oa Q gS] rks  P  Q  =
 Q 
Ans. 35
n
 x 5x 
 3 4 3 4  , the sum of the binomial coefficients is 256 and four times the term with
6_. In the expansion of  
 
greatest binomial coefficient exceeds the square of the third term by 21n, then find 4x.
n
 x 5x 
3 4  3 4  ds foLrkj esa f}in xq.kkdksa dk ;ksx 256 gS vkSj vf/kdre f}in xq.kkad dk pkj xquk] rhljs in ds oxZ
 
 
ls 21n, vf/kd gS rc 4x dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2

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Binomial Theorem
19
(2)k 
7_. If  k !(19  k)!  19!
k 1
then find .

19
(2)k 
 k 1
k !(19  k)!

19!
;fn gks rks  dk eku Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 2
8. The value of p, for which coefficient of x 50 in the expression
(1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x) 999 + 3x² (1 + x) 998 +..... + 1001 x 1000 is equal to 1002Cp , is :
O;atd (1 + x)1000 + 2x (1 + x)999 + 3x² (1 + x)998 +..... + 1001 x 1000 esa x 50 dk xq. kkad 1002Cp gS] rks p dk eku
gS
Ans. 50
 3 1001 

9. If { x } denotes the fractional part of ' x ', then 82   =
 82 
 31001 
;fn { x } , ' x ' ds fHkUukRed Hkkx dks iznf'kZr djrk gS] rks 82   =
 82 
Ans. 3
n
 x 2
10. The index ' n ' of the binomial    if the only 9th term of the expansion has numerically the
5 5
greatest coefficient (n  N), is :
n
x 2
;fn    ds iz l kj es a ds o y 9ok¡ in la [ ;kRed :i ls egÙke xq . kka d okyk in gks ] rks n dk eku (n  N) gS
5 5
:
Ans. n = 12
11. The number of values of ' r ' satisfying the equation, 39 C3r 1 39C = 39 Cr 2 1  39 C3r is :
r2

lehdj.k 39
C3r 1 39Cr 2 = 39 Cr 2 1 39C3r dks larq"V djus okys ' r ' ds ekuksa dh la[ ;k gSa:
Ans. 2

12_. Find the value of

6
C0. 12C6.– 6C1 11C6+ 6C2 10C6+ 6C2 10C6.– 6C3 . 9C6 + 6C4 . 8C6 – 6C5 . 7C6 + 6C6 . 6C6
Ans. 1
1
 n 2
k3  Ck  
  
13. If n is a positive integer & Ck = nCk, find the value of   
 k  1 n(n  1) .(n  2)  Ck  1  
2 is :
 
1
 n 2
k3  Ck  
  
;fn n ,d /kukRed iw. kkZad gS rFkk Ck = nCk rc  n(n  1) 2
.(n  2)

 Ck  1  
  
dk eku Kkr dhft,A
 k 1
Ans. 12
 10   10 10
CK 
14. The value of the expression   10
Cr  
 ( 1)K is :
   2K 
 r 0   K 0

10  10 10
  CK 
O;atd   10 Cr    ( 1)K dk eku gS&
 r 0   K 0 2K 
Ans. 1

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Binomial Theorem
100
100
15. The value of  if 
m  97
Cm . m C97 = 2 . 100C97 , is :

100
100
 dk eku gks xk ;fn 
m  97
Cm . m C97 = 2 . 100C97 gS A
Ans. 3

16. If (1 + x + x² +... + x p)6 = a0 + a1x + a2x²+...+a6p x 6p, then the value of :

1
[a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 +.... + 6p a6p] is :
p(p  1)6

1
;fn (1 + x + x² +... + x p)6 = a0 + a1x + a2x²+...+a6p x 6p gks] rks [a1 + 2a2 + 3a3 +.... + 6p a6p] gS A
p(p  1)6
Ans. 3

17. If (2nC1)²+ 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² = 18 . 4n–1C2n–1, then n is :

;fn (2nC1)²+ 2. (2nC2)² + 3. (2nC3)² +... + 2n. (2nC2n)² = 18 . 4n–1C2n–1 ] rc n gS &
Ans. 9

n n 1
2r  3 n
18. If  . Cr =  n  k  .2  1 then 'k' is
r 0
r 1 n 1

n n 1
2r  3 n
;fn  . Cr =  n  k  .2  1 gS rc 'k' dk eku gS
r 0
r 1 n 1

Ans. 2

n
(1)r .Cr
19. If  (r  1)(r  2)(r  3) = an1 b , then a + b is
r 0

n
(1)r .Cr
;fn  (r  1)(r  2)(r  3) = an1 b gS] rc a + b dk eku gS
r 0

Ans. 5
3n
20  6 nC
2k1 ( 3)k is equal to :
k 1
3n
 6 nC
2k1 ( 3)k cjkcj gS
k 1
Ans. 0
x x y2
21. If x is very large as compare to y, then the value of k in = 1+
xy xy kx 2

x x y2
;fn x, y dh rqyuk esa cgqr cM+k gks] rks = 1+ esa k dk eku gS
xy xy kx 2
Ans. 2

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Binomial Theorem

PART - III : ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

Hkkx - III : ,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi çdkj
20
3 1 
1. In the expansion of  4  4 
 6
(A*) the number of irrational terms is 19 (B*) middle term is irrational
(C*) the number of rational terms is 2 (D*) 9th term is rational
20
3 1 
 4  ds iz l kj es a
 4
6 

(A) vifjes ; inks a dh la [ ;k 19 gS A (B) e/; in vifjes ; gS A
(C) ifjes ; inks a dh la [ ;k 2 gS A (D) 9ok¡ in ifjes ; gS A
2
 1 x 
2. The coefficient of x 4 in   , | x | < 1, is
 1 x 
2
 1 x 
  , | x | < 1 es a x 4 dk xq . kka d gS &
 1 x 
(A) 4 (B) –4 (C*) 10 + 4C2 (D*) 16

3. 79 + 97 is divisible by :
(A*) 16 (B) 24 (C*) 64 (D) 72
79 + 97 foHkkftr gS a &
(A) 16 ls (B) 24 ls (C) 64 ls (D) 72 ls
n
r 1 n
4. The sum of the series  (1)
r 1
. Cr (a  r ) is equal to :

(A*) 5 if a = 5 (B) –5 if a = 5 (C*) –5 if a = –5 (D) 5 if a = –5

n
r 1 n
Js. kh  (1)
r 1
. Cr (a  r ) dk ;ks xQy cjkcj gS

(A*) 5 ;fn a = 5 (B) –5 ;fn a = 5 (C*) –5 ;fn a = –5 (D) 5 ;fn a = –5

1000 n
5. Let a n  for n  N, then an is greatest, when
n!

1000 n
ekukfd n  N ds fy, a n  gks] rks an egÙke gksxk] ;fn
n!
(A) n = 997 (B) n = 998 (C*) n = 999 (D*) n = 1000
n
6. C0 – 2.3 nC1 + 3.32 nC2 – 4.33 nC3 +..........+ (–1)n (n +1) nCn 3n is equal to

n  3n  n 3
(A*) 2   1 if n is even (B) 2  n   if n is even
 2   2

 3n   3
(C*) – 2n   1 if n is odd (D) 2n  n   if n is odd
 2   2
n
C0 – 2.3 nC1 + 3.32 nC2 – 4.33 nC3 +..........+ (–1)n (n +1) nCn 3n dk eku cjkcj gS

n  3n  n 3
(A*) 2   1 ;fn n le gSA (B) 2  n   ;fn n le gSA
 2   2

 3n   3
(C*) – 2n   1 ;fn n fo"ke gSA (D) 2n  n   ;fn n fo"ke gSA
 2   2
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Binomial Theorem
7. Element in set of values of r for which, 18Cr  2 + 2. 18Cr  1 + 18Cr  20C13 is :
r ds ekuks a dh la [ ;k gks xh ftlds fy, 18Cr  2 + 2. 18Cr  1 + 18Cr  20C13 gS
(A*) 9 (B) 5 (C*) 7 (D*) 10
8. The expansion of (3x + 2)–1/2 is valid in ascending powers of x, if x lies in the interval.
(3x + 2)–1/2 dk iz l kj x dh c<+ r h gq bZ ?kkrks a ds fy, oS /k gS ;fn x vUrjky es a fLFkr gks xkA
(A*) (0, 2/3) (B) (–3/2, 3/2)
(C*) (–2/3, 2/3) (D) (–, –3/2)  (3/2, )
9. If (1 + 2x + 3x 2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +.... + a20x 20, then :
;fn (1 + 2x + 3x 2)10 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +.... + a20x 20 gks] rks
(A*) a1 = 20 (B*) a2 = 210
(C*) a4 = 8085 (D) a20 = 22. 37. 7

10. In the expansion of (x + y + z) 25

(A*) every term is of the form 25Cr . r Ck. x 25 – r . yr – k. zk (B*) the coefficient of x 8 y9 z9 is 0
(C) the number of terms is 325 (D) none of these
(x + y + z) 25 ds iz l kj es a
(A) iz R;s d in 25Cr . r Ck. x 25 – r . yr – k. zk :i es a gks xkA (B) x 8 y9 z9 dk xq . kka d 0 gS A
(C) inks a dh la [ ;k 325 gS A (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha

11. If (1 + x + 2x 2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +......... + a40x 40, then a0 + a2 + a4.......+ a38 is equal to :
;fn (1 + x + 2x 2)20 = a0 + a1x + a2x 2 +......... + a40x 40 gks, rks a0 + a2 + a4.......+ a38 cjkcj gS &
(A) 219 (230 + 1) (B*) 219(220 – 1) (C*) 239 – 219 (D) 239 + 219
2n
 n  1
12. nn   is (n  N)
 2 
3 3
 n  1  n  1
(A) Less than   (B*) Greater than or equal to  
 2   2 
(C) Less than (n!)3 (D*) Greater than or equal to (n!)3.
2n
 n  1
nn   gS&(n  N)
 2 
3 3
 n  1  n  1
(A)   ls NksVk (B*)   ls cM+k ;k cjkcj
 2   2 
(C) (n!)3 ls NksVk (D*) (n!)3 ls cM+k ;k cjkcj
13. If recursion polynomials P k(x) are defined as P1(x) = (x – 2)2, P2 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2
P3 (x) = ((x – 2) 2 – 2)2 – 2)2 .......... (In general Pk (x) = (Pk – 1 (x) – 2)2, then the constant term in
Pk (x) is
(A*) 4 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D*) a perfect square
;fn O;atd Pk(x) bl rjg ls ifjHkkf"kr gS fd P1(x) = (x – 2) , P2 (x) = ((x – 2)2 – 2)2
2

P3 (x) = ((x – 2) 2 – 2)2 – 2)2 (O;kid :i ls Pk (x) = (Pk – 1 (x) – 2)2) ] rks Pk (x) es a vpj in gS &
(A*) 4 (B) 2 (C) 16 (D*) ,d iw . kZ oxZ

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Binomial Theorem

PART - IV : COMPREHENSION

Hkkx - IV : vuqPNsn (COMPREHENSION)

Comprehension # 1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)

Consider, sum of the series 

0  i j n
f(i) f(j)

In the given summation, i and j are not independent.

n n n   n 
  
In the sum of series  f (i) f ( j) =   f (i)   f ( j)   i and j are independent. In this summation, three

i1 j1 i1   j1 
types of terms occur, those when i < j, i > j and i = j.
Also, sum of terms when i < j is equal to the sum of the terms when i > j if f(i) and f(j) are symmetrical.
So, in that case
n n

 f (i)f ( j) =  f (i)f ( j)
i1 j1 0 i j n

+  f (i)f ( j) +  f (i)f ( j)
0 i j n i j

=2  f (i)f ( j) +  f (i)f ( j)
0  i jn i j

n n

  f (i)f ( j) –  f (i)f ( j)
  f (i)f ( j) =
0 i  j n
i 0 j 0 i j
2
When f(i) and f(j) are not symmetrical, we find the sum by listing all the terms.
vuqPNsn # 1 (Q. No. 1 to 3)
ekuk fd Jsf.k;ksa dk ;ksxQy  0  i j n
f(i) f(j) lw=k ls fn;k tkrk gS tgk¡ i rFkk j Lora=k ugha gSA

n n   n n 
  
  f ( j)   esa i o j Lora=k gSA bl ;ksxQy esa rhu çdkj ds in gksrs gSA
Jsf.k;ksa ds ;ksxQy  f (i) f ( j) =  f (i)  
i1 j1 i 1   j1 
ftuesa i < j, i > j rFkk i = j rFkk tc i < j ds fy, inks dk ;ksxQy] i > j ds fy, inksa ds ;ksxQy ds cjkcj gSA
;fn f(i) rFkk f(j) lefer gSA bl fLFkfr esa
n n

 f (i)f ( j) =  f (i)f ( j)
i1 j1 0 i j n

+  f (i)f ( j) +  f (i)f ( j)
0 i j n i j

=2  f (i)f ( j) +  f (i)f ( j)
0  i jn i j

n n

  f (i)f ( j) –  f (i)f ( j)
  f (i)f ( j) =
0 i  j n
i 0 j 0 i j
2
tc f(i) rFkk f(j) lefer ugha gSA rc ge lHkh inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr djrs gSA
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Binomial Theorem
1. n
Ci nC j is equal to

0  i  j n

n
 C i nC j dk eku cjkcj gS&
0  i  j n

2 2n – 2nCn 22n  2nCn 22n – nCn 22n  nCn

(A*) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
n m
n
2.  Cm . m Cp is equal to
m0 p0

n m
n
 Cm . m Cp dk eku cjkcj gS&
m0 p0

(A) 2n–1 (B*) 3n (C) 3n–1 (D) 2n

3.   C  C 
0 i  j  n
n
i
n
j

(A*) (n + 2)2n (B) (n + 1)2n (C) (n – 1)2n (D) (n + 1)2n–1

Comprehension # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

vuqPNsn # 2 (Q. No. 4 to 6)

Let P be a product given by P = (x + a1) (x + a2) ......... (x + an)

n

and Let S1 = a1 + a2 + ....... + an = a , S

i 1
i
2
=  a .a , S i j 3
=   a .a .a i j k and so on,
i j i jk
then it can be shown that
P = xn + S1 xn – 1 + S2 xn – 2 + ......... + Sn.

;fn ,d xq.kuQy P bl çdkj gS] P = (x + a1) (x + a2) ......... (x + an)

n

rFkk ekuk S1 = a1 + a2 + ....... + an =  a , S =  a .a , S =   a .a .a

i 1
i
2 i j 3 i j k blh çdkj vkxs]
i j i jk
rks
fuEu dks fl) fd;k tk ldrk gS &
P = xn + S1 xn – 1 + S2 xn – 2 + ......... + Sn.
4. The coefficient of x8 in the expression (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 must be
O;atd (2 + x)2 (3 + x)3 (4 + x)4 esa x8 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 26 (B) 27 (C) 28 (D*) 29
203 2 3 20
5. The coefficient of x in the expression (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) .......... (x – 20) must be
O;atd (x – 1) (x2 – 2) (x3 – 3) .......... (x20 – 20) esa x203 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 11 (B) 12 (C*) 13 (D) 15
6. The coefficient of x98 in the expression of (x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100) must be
(A) 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)
1
(C*) [(1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)]
2
(D) None of these

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Binomial Theorem
O;atd (x – 1) (x – 2) ......... (x – 100) esa x98 dk xq.kkad gS&
(A) 12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002
(B) (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)
1
(C*) [(1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + 100)2 – (12 + 22 + 32 + ....... + 1002)]
2
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
Comprehension # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
Let (7 + 4 3 )n =  + f = n C0.7n + n C1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(i)
where  & f are its integral and fractional parts respectively.
It means 0 < f < 1
Now, 0<7–4 3 <1  0 < (7 – 4 3 )n < 1
Let (7 – 4 3 )n = f= n C0.7n – n C1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(ii)
 0 < f < 1
Adding (i) and (ii) (so that irrational terms cancelled out)
 + f + f = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n
= 2 [ n C0 7n + n C2 7n – 2 (4 3 )2 + ..........]
 + f + f = even integer  (f + f must be an integer)
0 < f + f < 2  f + f = 1
with help of above analysis answer the following questions
vuq P Ns n # 3 (Q.No. 7 to 9)
ekuk (7 + 4 3 )n =  + f = n C0.7n + n C1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(i)
tgk¡  rFkk f blds iw. kk±d o fHkUukRed Hkkx gS
vFkkZr~ 0 < f < 1
vc , 0<7–4 3 <1  0 < (7 – 4 3 )n < 1

ekukfd (7 – 4 3 )n = f= n C0.7n – n C1.7n – 1 .(4 3 )1 + ....... .............(ii)

 0 < f < 1
(i) o (ii) dk ;ks x djus ij blls vifjes ; in fujLr gks tk;s xs a
 + f + f = (7 + 4 3 )n + (7 – 4 3 )n

= 2 [ n C0 7n + n C2 7n – 2 (4 3 )2 + ..........]
 + f + f = leiw . kk± d  (f + f ,d iw . kk± d gks u k pkfg,)
0 < f + f < 2  f + f = 1
mijksDr fo'ys"k.k ds vk/kkj ij fuEu iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A
7.  
n
If 3 3  5 = p + f, where p is an integer and f is a proper fraction, then find the value of

3 
n
3  5 , n N, is
(A*) 1 – f, if n is even (B) f, if n is even (C) 1 – f, if n is odd (D*) f, if n is odd

  
;fn 3 3  5 n = p+ f, tgk¡ p iw. kk±d gS vkSj f fHkUukRed Hkkx gS] rks 3 3  5 n , n N dk eku gSA 
(A*) 1 – f, ;fn n le gS A (B) f, ;fn n le gS A
(C) 1 – f, ;fn n fo"ke gS A (D*) f, ;fn n fo"ke gS A
n
8. 
If 9  80  =  + f, where , n are integers and 0 < f < 1, then :
(A*)  is an odd integer (B)  is an even integer
n
(C*) ( + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D*) 1  f = 9   80 
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Binomial Theorem
n

;fn 9  80  =  + f tgk¡ , n iw . kk± d gS a vkS j 0 < f < 1, rks &
(A)  ,d fo"ke iw . kk± d gS a A (B)  ,d le iw . kk± d gS A
n
(C) ( + f) (1 – f) = 1 (D) 1  f = 9   80 
9. The integer just above ( 3 + 1)2n is, for all n  N.
(A*) divisible by 2n (B*) divisible by 2n + 1
(C*) divisible by 8 (D) divisible by 16
2n
( 3 + 1) ls Bhd 1 vf/kd iw . kk± d gks ] lehdj.k n  N ds fy,
(A*) 2n dk Hkkx ns u s ij (B*) 2n + 1 dk Hkkx ns u s ij
(C*) 8 dk Hkkx ns u s ij (D) 16 dk Hkkx ns u s ij

 Marked Questions may have for Revision Questions.

 fpfUgr iz ' u nks g jkus ;ks X; iz ' u gS A
* Marked Questions may have more than one correct option.
* fpfUgr iz ' u ,d ls vf/kd lgh fodYi okys iz ' u gS -

PART - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - I : JEE (ADVANCED) / IIT-JEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. If in the expansion of (1 + x)m (1– x)n, the coefficients of x and x 2 are 3 and – 6 respectively, then m is
[IIT-JEE - 1999 Part - 1, (2, 0), 200]
;fn (1 + x)m (1– x)n ds izlkj esa x vkSj x 2 ds xq. kkad Øe'k% 3 vkSj – 6 gS] rks m dk eku gS&[Part - 1, (2, 0), 200]
(A) 6 (B) 9 (C*) 12 (D) 24.
n  n   n 
2. For 2  r  n,   + 2   +   = [IIT-JEE-2000, Scr, (1, 0), 35]
r  r  1  r  2 
n  n   n 
2  r  n ds fy,   + 2   + 
  = [Scr, (1, 0), 35]
r  r  1  r  2 
 n  1  n  1 n  2 n  2
(A)   (B) 2   (C) 2   (D*)  
 r  1  r  1  r   r 
n
3. For any positive integer m, n (with n  m), let   = nCm . Prove that
m
 n   n  1  n  2  m  n  1 
  +   +   +... +   =   . Hence or otherwise, prove that
m  m   m   m   m  1
n  n  1 n  2 m  n  2 
  + 2   + 3   +... + (n – m + 1)   =   . [IIT-JEE 2000, Main, (6, 0), 100]
m
   m   m  m m  2
n
fdUgh /kukRed iw. kk±dksa m, n ds fy, (tcfd n  m), ekukfd   = nCm . fl) dhft, fd &
m  
 n   n  1  n  2  m  n  1 
  +   +   +... +   =   bl çdkj @vU;Fkk fl) dhft, fd
m
   m   m  m m  2
n  n  1 n  2 m  n  2 
  + 2   + 3   +... + (n – m + 1)   =   . [Main, (6, 0), 100]
m
   m   m  m m  2

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Binomial Theorem
4. In the binomial expansion of (a  b)n, n  5, the sum of the 5 th and 6 th terms is zero. Then
a/b equals: [IIT-JEE-2001, Scr, (1, 0), 35]
n
(a  b) , n 5, ds f}in iz l kj es a 5 os a vkS j 6 os a inks a dk ;ks xQy 'kw U; gS ] rks a/b cjkcj gS : [Scr, (1, 0), 35]
n5 n4 5 6
(A) (B*) (C) n  4 (D) n  5
6 5
m
10   20  p
5. The sum      , (where   = 0, if p < q) is maximum when ' m ' is:
 q
i0  i  m  i

[IIT-JEE-2002, Scr, (3, – 1), 90]

m
10   20  p
;ksxQy      , (tgk¡
i 
  = 0, ;fn p < q) vf/kdre
 q
gksus ds fy;s 'm' gS : [Scr, (3, – 1), 90]
i0  i  m 
(A) 5 (B) 10 (C*) 15 (D) 20

6. Coefficient of t 24 in (1 + t 2)12 (1 + t 12) (1 + t 24) is: [IIT-JEE-2003, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(1 + t 2)12 (1 + t 12) (1 + t 24) es a t 24 dk xq . kka d gS : [Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(A) 12C6 + 3 (B) 12C6 + 1 (C) 12C6 12
(D*) C6 + 2
 n n n  n  1  n n  2 n n  k  n
7. Prove that 2k  0    – 2k 1     + 2k 2     –...... + (– 1)k  k   0  =  k  .
  k  1  k  1     
     2 k  2
[IIT-JEE-2003, Main, (2, 0), 60]
 n nn  n  1  n n  2 n
n  k  n
fl) dhft, fd 2k  0    – 2k 1     + 2k 2     –...... + (– 1) k  k 
  =   .
  k   1  k  1  2 k  2  0  k 
 
[IIT – 2003, 2]
(n – 1)
8. If C = (k2 – 3) n Cr+1, then an interval in which k lies is
r
[IIT-JEE-2004, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(n – 1)
;fn Cr = (k2 – 3) n Cr+1 gks , rks k ds eku dk vUrjky gS & [Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
(A) (2, ) (B) (– , – 2) 
(C)  3 , 3  (D*)  3,2
9. The value of [IIT-JEE-2005, Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
    –    +    – .......... +     is :
0  10   1  11   2  12
   20   30 

60  30   30 
(A)  20  (B*) 10  (C)   (D) None of these
  15 

 30   30   30   30   30   30   30   30 
    –    +    .......... +     dk eku gS & [Scr, (3, – 1), 84]
0  10   1  11   2  12
   20   30 

 60   30   30 
(A)  20  (B) 10  (C)   (D) bues a ls dks bZ ugha
  15 
10. For r = 0, 1, ...., 10, let Ar, Br and Cr denote, respectively, the coefficient of x r in the expansions of
10
(1 + x)10 , (1 + x)20 and (1 + x)30 . Then  A (B
r 1
r 10B r  C10 A r ) is equal to

ekukfd r = 0, 1, ...., 10 ds fy, Ar, Br rFkk Cr Øe'k% (1 + x)10 , (1 + x)20 rFkk (1 + x)30 ds izlkj esa xr ds xq.kkad
10
gSaA rks  A (B
r 1
r 10B r  C10 A r ) dk eku fuEu gS [IIT-JEE 2010, Paper-2, (5, –2)/79]

(A) B10 – C10 (B) A10 (B210 – C10 A10) (C) 0 (D*) C10 – B10

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Binomial Theorem
11. The coefficients of three consecutive terms of (1 + x)n+5 are in the ratio 5 : 10 : 14. Then n =
(1 + x)n+5 ds rhu Øekxr inksa ds xq.kkad 5 : 10 : 14 ds vuqikr esa gS] rc n =
Ans. 6
[JEE (Advanced) 2013, Paper-1, (4, – 1)/60]

12. Coefficient of x 11 in the expansion of (1 + x 2)4 (1 + x 3)7 (1 + x 4)12 is

[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(1 + x 2)4 (1 + x 3)7 (1 + x 4)12 foLrkj es a (expansion) x 11 dk xq . kka d (coefficient) gS &
[JEE (Advanced) 2014, Paper-2, (3, –1)/60]
(A) 1051 (B) 1106 (C*) 1113 (D) 1120

13. The coefficient of x 9 in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 + x 2) (1 + x 3) ......(1 + x 100) is

(1 + x) (1 + x 2) (1 + x 3) ......(1 + x 100) ds foLrkj esa x 9 ds xq.kkad dk eku gS
[JEE (Advanced) 2015, P-2 (4, 0) / 80]
Ans. 8

14. Let m be the smallest positive integer such that the coefficient of x2 in the expansion of
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 +........+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 is (3n + 1) 51C3 for some positive integer n. Then the value of
n is [JEE (Advanced) 2016, Paper-1, (3, 0)/62]
Ekkuk fd m ,slk U;wure /kukRed iw.kk±d (smallest positive integer) gS fd
(1 + x)2 + (1 + x)3 +........+ (1 + x)49 + (1 + mx)50 ds foLrkj esa x2 dk xq.kkad (3n + 1) 51C3 fdlh /kukRed iw.kk±d n ds
fy, gSA rc n dk eku gS&
Ans. 5

PART - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

Hkkx - II : JEE (MAIN) / AIEEE ¼fiNys o"kksZ½ ds iz'u

1. The coefficient of x5 in (1 + 2x + 3x2 +.....)–3/2 is : [AIEEE 2002, (3, 0), 225]
(1) 21 (2) 25 (3) 26 (4*) none of these
2 –3/2 5
(1 + 2x + 3x +.....) esa x dk xq.kkad gS&
(1) 21 (2) 25 (3) 26 (4*) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. The number of integral terms in the expansion of  3  5 8 256

is : [AIEEE 2003, (3, 0), 225]

 3  5 8 256
ds izlkj esa iw.kk±d inksa dh la[;k gS&
(1) 32 (2*) 33 (3) 34 (4) 35.
27

3. If x is positive, the first negative term in the expansion of (1  x ) 5 is : [AIEEE 2003, (3, 0), 225]
(1) 7th term (2) 5th term (3*) 8th term (4) 6th term.
27

;fn x /kukRed gS] (1  x ) 5 ds izlkj esa izFke _.kkRed in gS&

(1) 7 ok¡ in (2) 5 ok¡ in (3*) 8 ok¡ in (4) 6 ok¡ in

4. The coefficient of the middle term in the binomial expansion in powers of x of (1 + x)4 and of (1 – x)6 is the
same, if  equals : [AIEEE 2004, (3, 0), 225]
4 6
f}in izes; esa (1 + x) vkSj (1 – x) ds izlkj esa x dh ?kkr esa e/; in dk xq.kkad leku gS] ;fn  cjkcj gS&
5 10 3 3
(1)  (2) (3*)  (4)
3 3 10 5

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Binomial Theorem
5. The coefficient of xn in the expansion of (1 + x) (1 – x)n is- [AIEEE 2004, (3, 0), 225]
(1 + x) (1 – x)n ds izlkj esa xn dk xq.kkad gS &
(1) (n – 1) (2*) (–1)n (1 – n) (3) (–1)n–1(n – 1)2 (4) (–1)n – 1 n
n n
1 r tn
6. If sn = 
r 0
n
Cr
and tn = 
r 0
n
Cr
, then s is equal to-
n
[AIEEE 2004, (3, 0), 225]

n n
1 r tn
;fn sn = 
r 0
n
Cr
rFkk tn = 
r 0
n
Cr
, rks s cjkcj gS &
n

n n 2n – 1
(1*) (2) –1 (3) n – 1 (4)
2 2 2
7. If the coefficients of rth, (r + 1)th and (r +2)th terms in the binomial expansion of (1 +y)m are in AP, then m and
r satisfy the equation : [AIEEE 2005, (3, 0), 225]
m
;fn (1 +y) ds f}in izlkj esa r osa , (r + 1) osa vkSj (r +2)osa inksa ds xq.kkad lekUrj Js<+h esa gSa] rks m vkSj r lehdj.k dks
larq"V djrs gSa&
(1) m2 – m(4r – 1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0. (2*) m2 – m(4r +1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0.
(3) m2 – m(4r+1) + 4r2 + 2 = 0. (4) m2 – m(4r –1) + 4r2 – 2 = 0.
6

8. The value of C4 + 50

r 1
56 – r
C3 is : [AIEEE 2005, (3, 0), 225]

6
50
C4 + 
r 1
56 – r
C3 dk eku gS&

(1*) 56 C4 (2) 56 C3 (3) 55C3 (4) 55C4

3
 1 
(1  x)3 / 2  1  x 
9. If x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x may be neglected, then  2  may be
(1  x )1/ 2
approximated as : [AIEEE 2005, (3, 0), 225]
3
 1 
(1  x)3 / 2  1  x 
;fn x bruk NksVk gS fd x3 vkSj x dh mPp ?kkr ux.; gSa] rks  2  yxHkx gks ldrk gS&
(1  x )1/ 2
x 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 2
(1)  x (2*)  x (3) 3 x  x (4) 1 x
2 8 8 8 8
1
10. If the expansion in powers of x of the function 1 – ax 1 – bx  is [AIEEE 2006, (3, –1), 120]

a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + ......., then an is :

1
Qyu 1 – ax 1 – bx  ds izlkj esa x dh ?kkr a0 + a1x + a2x2 + a3x3 + ....... gS] rks an gS&

an – bn an  1 – bn  1 bn  1 – an  1 bn – an
(1) (2) (3*) (4)
b–a b–a b–a b–a

11. For natural numbers m, n if (1 – y)m (1 + y)n= 1 + a1y + a2y2 + ..... and a1 = a2 = 10, then (m, n) is :
[AIEEE 2006, (3, –1), 120]
izkd`r la[;kvksa m, n ds fy,] ;fn (1 – y)m (1 + y)n= 1 + a1y + a2y2 + ..... vkSj a1 = a2 = 10, rks (m, n) gS&
(1) (35, 20) (2) (45, 35) (3*) (35, 45) (4) (20, 45)

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Binomial Theorem
12. The sum of the series 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + ..... + 20C10 is [AIEEE 2007, (3, –1), 120]
Js.kh 20C0 – 20C1 + 20C2 – 20C3 + ..... + 20C10 dk ;ksx gS&
1
(1) –20C10 (2*) 20
C10 (3) 0 (4) 20C10
2
n
13. Statement dFku-1 :  (r  1) nCr = (n + 2) 2n–1
r 0
[AIEEE 2008, (3, –1), 105]

n
Statement dFku-2 :  (r + 1) nCr xr = (1 + x)n + nx (1 + x)n – 1
r 0

(1*) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
(2) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1
(3) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(4) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
(1*) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(2) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS ; dFku&2, dFku&1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k ugha gSA
(3) dFku&1 lR; gS] dFku&2 vlR; gS ;
(4) dFku&1 vlR; gS] dFku&2 lR; gS
10 10 10
2 10
14. Let S1 =  j ( j – 1)
j 1
10
Cj , S2 = j
j 1
10
Cj and S3 = j j 1
C. j
[AIEEE 2009, (4, –1), 144]

Statement -1 : S3 = 55 × 29 .
Statement -2 : S1 = 90 × 28 and S2 = 10 × 28.
(1) Statement -1 is true, Statement-2 is true ; Statement -2 is not a correct explanation for Statement -1.
(2*) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(3) Statement -1 is false, Statement -2 is true.
(4) Statement -1 is true, Statement -2 is true; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1.
10 10 10
2 10
ekuk S1 =  j ( j – 1)
j 1
10
Cj , S2 = j j 1
10
Cj rFkk S3 = j j 1
C. j

izzdFku -1 : S3 = 55 × 29 .
izzdFku -2 : S1 = 90 × 28 rFkk S2 = 10 × 28.
(1) izzdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k ugha gSA
(2*) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 feF;k gSA
(3) izdFku-1 feF;k gS] izdFku-2 lR; gSA
(4) izdFku-1 lR; gS] izdFku-2 lR; gS ; izdFku-2, izdFku-1 dh lgh O;k[;k gSA
15. The coefficient of x7 in the expansion of (1 – x – x2 + x3)6 is : [AIEEE 2011, (4, –1), 120]
(1 – x – x2 + x3)6 ds izlkj esa x7 dk xq.kkad gS %
(1) 144 (2) – 132 (3*) – 144 (4) 132

16. If n is a positive integer, then  3  1 2n

–  3  1 2n
is : [AIEEE 2012, (4, –1), 120]

(1*) an irrational number (2) an odd positive integer

(3) an even positive integer (4) a rational number other than positive integers

;fn n ,d /kuiw.kk±d gS] rks  3  1 2n

–  3  1 2n
:
(1*) ,d vifjes; la[;k gSA (2) ,d fo"ke /kuiw.kk±d gSA
(3) ,d le /kuiw.kk±d gSA (4) /kuiw.kk±dksa dks NksM+ dj ,d ifjes; la[;k gSA

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Binomial Theorem
10
 x 1 x 1 
17. The term independent of x in expansion of  2 / 3   is :[AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
x  x  1 x  x1 / 2 
1/ 3

10
 x 1 x 1 
 2/3 1/ 3
  ds izlkj esa x ls Lora=k in gS : [AIEEE - 2013, (4, –1),120]
 x  x  1 x  x1 / 2 
(1) 4 (2) 120 (3*) 210 (4) 310

18. If the coefficients of x3 and x4 in the expansion of (1 + ax + bx2) (1 – 2x)18 in powers of x are both zero, then
(a, b) is equal to [Binomial Theorem] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
2 18 3 4
;fn (1 + ax + bx ) (1 – 2x) ds x dh ?kkrksa esa izlkj esa x rFkk x nksuksa ds xq.kkad 'kwU; gSa] rks (a, b) cjkcj gSµ
[Binomial Theorem] [JEE(Main) 2014, (4, – 1), 120]
 272   272   251   251 
(1) 14 ,  (2*) 16 ,  (3) 16 ,  (4) 14 , 
 3   3   3   3 

19. The sum of coefficients of integral powers of x in the binomial expansion of (1 – 2 x )50 is :
[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50
(1) (3 + 1) (2) (3 ) (3) (3 – 1) (4) (2 + 1)
2 2 2 2
(1 – 2 x )50 ds f}in izlkj esa x dh iw.kkZadh; ?kkrks ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksx gS :[JEE(Main) 2015, (4, – 1), 120]
1 50 1 50 1 50 1 50
(1) (3 + 1) (2) (3 ) (3) (3 – 1) (4) (2 + 1)
2 2 2 2
n
 2 4 
20. If the number of terms in the expansion of  1–  2  , x  0, is 28, then the sum of the coefficients of all
 x x 

the terms in this expansion, is [JEE(Main) 2016, (4, – 1), 120]

n
 2  4
;fn  1– x  2  , x  0 ds izlkj esa inksa dh la[;k 28 gS] rks bl izlkj esa vkus okys lHkh inksa ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksx gS&
 x 
(1) 2187 (2) 243 (3) 729 (4) 64
Ans. (3) or Bonus

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
fo"k;kRed iz 'u ¼SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS½

1_. Find the coefficient of x49 in

 C1   2 C2   2 C3   2 C50 
x   x  2  x  3  ........  x  50  50
 C0   C1   C2   C49  where Cr = Cr
Ans. 22100

 C1   2 C2   2 C3   2 C50 
x   x  2  x  3  ........  x  50  49 50
 C0   C1   C2   C49  esa x dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A ¼tgk¡ Cr = Cr )

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Binomial Theorem
6
6  2 
 2 2   
2. The expression,  2x  1  2x  1     is a polynomial of degree
   2 x 2
 1  2 x 2
 1 
6
6  2 
 2x 2  1  2x 2  1    
O;atd   fdl ?kkr dk ,d cgqin gS&
   2 2 
 2x  1  2x  1 
Ans. 6

3. Find the co-efficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4.

(1 + x2)5 (1 + x)4 ds foLrkj esa x5 dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 60
5
n n
4. 15
Prove that the co-efficient of x in (1 + x +x + x ) is 3 4 n

r 0
C15 3r Cr .

5
n n
3 4 n
fl) dhft, fd (1 + x +x + x ) ds foLrkj esa x dk xq.kkad 15

r 0
C15 3r Cr gS

5. If n is even natural and coefficient of xr in the expansion of

1  x n is 2n, (|x| < 1), then prove that r  n
1 x

;fn n le izkÑr la[;k gS rFkk

1  x n ds foLrkj esa xr dk xq.kkad 2n
(|x| < 1) gS rc fl) dhft, r  n
1 x
6. Find the coefficient of xn in polynomial (x + 2n+1C0) (x + 2n+1C1)........(x + 2n+1Cn).
cgqin (x + 2n+1C0) (x + 2n+1C1)........(x + 2n+1Cn) esa xn dk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,A
Ans. 22n

n  r 1 
7. Find the value of   
r 1
n
Cr Cp 2p  .
r

 p 0 

n  r 1 
  
r 1
n
C r Cp 2 p 
r
 dk eku Kkr dhft,A
 p 0 
Ans. 4n – 3n

Comprehension (Q-8 to Q.9 )

vuq P Ns n

For k, n N, we define

B(k, n) = 1.2.3......... k + 2.3.4........(k+1) + .........+ n(n + 1).......(n + k – 1), S 0(n) = n and Sk(n)
= 1k + 2k + ......... + nk.
To obtain value B(k, n), we rewrite B(k, n) as follows

B(k, n)  k! k Ck  k 1
Ck  k 2
Ck  .........  nk 1
 
Ck  k! n k
Ck 1 
nn  1........n  k 

k 1

n n!
where Ck 
k! (n  k )!
k, n  N ds fy, ifjHkkf"kr fd;k tkrk gS fd
B(k, n) = 1.2.3......... k + 2.3.4........(k+1) + .........+ n(n + 1).......(n + k – 1), S 0(n) = n ,oa Sk(n)

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Binomial Theorem
= 1k + 2k + ......... + nk.
B(k, n) dk eku Kkr djus ds fy, B(k, n) dks fuEu izdkj iqu% fy[kus ij

B(k, n)  k! k Ck  k 1
Ck  k 2
Ck  .........  nk 1
Ck  k!   n k
Ck 1 
nn  1........ n  k  n n!
 tgk¡ Ck 
k 1 k! (n  k )!

8. Prove that S2(n) + S1(n) = B(2, n)

fl) dhft, S2(n) + S1(n) = B(2, n)

9. Prove that fl) dhft, S3(n) + 3S2(n) = B(3, n) – 2B(1, n)

10. If (1 + x)p = 1 + pC1 x + pC2x2 +..........+ pCp xp, p  N , then show that k+1C1 Sk(n) + k+1C2 Sk–1(n) +.........+ k+1Ck
S1(n) + k+1Ck+1 S0(n) = (n + 1)k+1 – 1
;fn (1 + x)p = 1 + pC1 x + pC2x2 +..........+ pCp xp, p  N rc n'kkZb;s fd k+1
C1 Sk(n) + k+1C2 Sk–1(n) +.........+ k+1Ck
S1(n) + k+1Ck+1 S0(n) = (n + 1)k+1 – 1

11. Show that 25n – 20n – 8n + 3n, n I is divisible by 85.
iznf'kZr dhft, fd 25n – 20n – 8n + 3n, n I , 85 ls HkkT; gSA
n 1
C2
 2n 
12. Prove that nC1 (nC2)2 (nC3)3........(nCn)n   
 .
 n  1
n 1
C2
 2n 
fl) dhft, fd n
C1 (nC2)2 (nC3)3........(nCn)n   
 .
 n  1 
1/ n
(n  1) p  (n  1) q  p 
13. If p is nearly equal to q and n > 1, show that (n  1)p  (n  1) q =   . Hence find the approximate value of
q
1/ 6
 99 
  .
 101 
1/ n 1/ 6
(n  1) p  (n  1) q  p   99 
;fn p, q ds yxHkx cjkcj gS rFkk n > 1, iznf'kZr dhft, fd = 
(n  1)p  (n  1) q  q 
. bldh lgk;rk ls  
 101 
dk fudVre eku Kkr dhft,A
1198
Ans.
1202

14. If (18x2 + 12x + 4)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2n x2n , then prove that
ar = 2n 3r  2n n
Cr  C1 2n2 Cr  nC 2 2n 4
Cr  ... 
;fn (18x2 + 12x + 4)n = a0 + a1x + a2x2 + .... + a2n x2n , rc fl) dhft,
ar = 2n 3r  2n n
Cr  C1 2n2 Cr  nC 2 2n 4
Cr  ... 
15. 1². C0 + 2². C1 + 3². C2 + 4². C3 +.... + (n+1)² Cn = 2n2 (n+1) (n+4).

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Binomial Theorem
16. If (1  x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 +........, find the value of, a0 + a1 + a2 +....... + an.
(1  x)n = a0 + a1 x + a2 x 2 + a3 x 3 +........, a0 + a1 + a2 +....... + an dk eku Kkr djks &
( 2 n) !
Ans.
(n ! ) 2

32
17. Find the remainder when 32 32 is divided by 7.
32
32 32 dks 7 ls Hkkx nsus ij 'ks"kQy Kkr djksA
Ans. 4

18. If n is an integer greater than 1, show that : a  nC1(a1) + nC2(a2) ..... + (1)n (a  n) = 0.
;fn n (> 1) ,d iw. kk±d gS rc iznf'kZr dhft, % a  nC1(a1) + nC2(a2) ..... + (1)n (a  n) = 0.

19. If (1 + x)n = p0 + p1 x + p2 x 2 + p3 x 3 +......., then prove that :

;fn (1 + x)n = p0 + p1 x + p2 x 2 + p3 x 3 +......., rc fl) djks fd
n n
(a) p0  p2 + p4 ....... = 2n/2 cos (b) p1  p3 + p5 ....... = 2n/2 sin
4 4
20. Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1 + x) 2n has also the greatest co-efficient, then ' x '
n n1
lies between, & .
n1 n

n
iznf'kZr djks fd ;fn (1 + x)2n ds izl kj esa vf/kdre in dk xq.kkad Hkh vf/kdre gS] rks ' x ' dk eku vkSj n  1
n1 n
ds chp esa gSA

21. 
Prove that if ' p ' is a prime number greater than 2, then (2 5 )p  2p+1 is divisible by p, where [ . ] 
denotes greatest integer function.

 
fl) djks fd ;fn ' p ', 2 ls cM+h ,d vHkkT; la[ ;k gS] rks (2 5 )p  2p+1 , p ls foHkkftr gksxk] tgk¡ [. ] egÙke
iw. kk±d Qyu gSA
n  1 3r 7r 
22. If  ( 1) r . nC 
r r
 2r
 3r
 ........ to m terms  = k 1  1  , then find the value of k.
r0  2 2 2   2m n 

n  1 3r 7r   1 
;fn  ( 1)r . nCr  r  2 r  3 r  ........ m inksa rd  = k 1  m n  gks ] rks k dk eku Kkr dhft,A
r0  2 2 2   2 

1
Ans. n
2 1
2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
23. Given sn= 1 + q + q² +..... + qn & Sn = 1 + +  +.... +   , q  1,
2  2   2 
prove that n+1C1 + n+1C2.s1 + n+1C3.s2 +....+ n+1Cn+1.sn = 2n. Sn.
2 n
q  1  q  1  q  1
;fn sn= 1 + q + q² +..... + qn rFkk Sn = 1 + +  +.... +   , q  1 gks ] rks
2  2   2 
n+1 C + n+1 C n+1 C n+1 C = 2n. Sn.
fl) djks fd 1 2 .s1 + 3 .s2 +....+ n+1 .sn

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Binomial Theorem
24. If (1+x)15 = C0 + C1. x + C2. x 2 +.... + C15. x 15, then find the value of : C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 +.... + 14C15
;fn (1+x)15 = C0 + C1. x + C2. x 2 +.... + C15. x 15 gks, rks C2 + 2C3 + 3C4 +.... + 14C15 dk eku Kkr djksA
Ans. 212993

1n 2 3 4 ( 1)n  1n n 1
25. Prove that, C1 nC2+ nC3 nC4 +..... + . Cn= n  1
2 3 4 5 n1

1n 2 3 4 ( 1)n  1n n 1
fl) dhft, fd % C1 nC2+ nC3 nC4 +..... + . Cn=
2 3 4 5 n1 n1

n
2 n
26. Prove that r
r 0
C r pr qn – r = npq + n2p2, if p + q = 1.

n
2 n
fl) djks fd r
r 0
C r pr qn – r = npq + n2p2 gks xk] tcfd p + q = 1 gks A

27. Prove that : (n1)². C1 + (n3)². C3 + (n5)². C5 +..... = n (n + 1)2n3

fl) dhft, fd % (n1)². C1 + (n3)². C3 + (n5)². C5 +..... = n (n + 1)2n3
28. Prove that nCr + 2 n +1Cr + 3 n+2Cr +....... + (n + 1) 2nCr = nCr+2 + (n + 1) 2n + 1Cr+1 – 2n+1Cr+2
fl) djks nCr + 2 n +1Cr + 3 n+2Cr +....... + (n + 1) 2nCr = nCr+2 + (n + 1) 2n + 1Cr+1 – 2n+1Cr+2
1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7
29. Show that, 3 = 1 +  .  . .  . . .  ......
3 3 6 3 6 9 3 6 9 12
1 1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7
iznf'kZr dhft, 3 =1+  .  . .  . . .  ......
3 3 6 3 6 9 3 6 9 12
30. If (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 +...... + Cnx n, show that for m  2
C0 – C1 + C2 –......... + (– 1) m – 1Cm – 1 = (–1)m – 1 n – 1Cm – 1.
;fn (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x 2 +...... + Cnx n gks] rks iznf'kZr dhft, fd m  2 ds fy,
C0 – C1 + C2 –......... + (– 1) m – 1Cm – 1 = (–1)m – 1 n – 1Cm – 1.
31. If (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² +.... + Cn x n, then show that the sum of the products of the C i ’s taken two
  Ci C j 2n !
at a time, represented by is equal to 22n1  .
0 i jn 2 (n ! )2

;fn (1+x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x² +.... + Cn x n, rc n'kkZvksa fd nks Ci ’s dks ,d lkFk ysus ij muds xq. kuQyuksa dk
  Ci C j 2n !
;ksx tksfd }kjk iznf'kZr gksrk gS 22n1  ds cjkcj gSA
0i jn 2 (n ! )2

32. If a0, a1, a2,..... be the coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x + x²) n in ascending powers of x, then prove
that :
(i) a0 a1  a1 a2 + a2 a3 .... = 0

(ii) a0a2  a1a3 + a2a4 ..... + a2n  2 a2n = an + 1

(iii) E1 = E2 = E3 = 3n1; where E1= a0 + a3 + a6 +...; E2 = a1 + a4 + a7 +...& E3 = a2 + a5 + a8 +...

;fn a0, a1, a2,..... , (1 + x + x²)n ds izl kj esa x dh c<+rh gqbZ ?kkrksa ds xq. kkad gSa] rks fl) djks fd :
(i) a0 a1  a1 a2 + a2 a3 .... = 0
(ii) a0a2  a1a3 + a2a4 ..... + a2n  2 a2n = an + 1
(iii) E1 = E2 = E3 = 3n1; tgk¡ E1= a0 + a3 + a6 +...; E2 = a1 + a4 + a7 +... ,oa E3 = a2 + a5 + a8 +...

Corporate Office: CG Tower, A-46 & 52, IPIA, Near City Mall, Jhalawar Road, Kota (Raj.)-324005
Website : www.resonance.ac.in | E-mail : [email protected]
Toll Free :1800 258 5555 | CIN: U80302RJ2007PLC024029 ADVBT - 42