Chapter 9 Basic algebra

Algebraic Expressions
1) Write an algebraic expression for each of the following:
(𝑎) Add 2x to 14 →
(𝑏) 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 14 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 5𝑎 →
(𝑐) 𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦 4 𝑏𝑦 2𝑘 →
(𝑑) 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 8𝑥 𝑏𝑦 24 →
(𝑒) 𝐴𝑑𝑑 2𝑥 𝑡𝑜 𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑐𝑒 3𝑦 →
(𝑓) 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 5𝑥 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑦 →

2) Translate each of the following word expressions into an algebraic expression:

(𝑎) 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 2𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑦 →
(𝑏) 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑜𝑓 7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑘 →
(𝑐) 𝐹𝑖𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑤𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑡 →
(𝑑) 𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑢 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 →
(𝑒) 𝐸𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑎 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑣 →

Value of Algebraic Expressions

1. Given that p=5,q=-3, evaluate the following:
(𝑎)5𝑞 2 (𝑏)𝑝2 − 𝑞 2 (𝑐)𝑝2 𝑞 (𝑑)2𝑝2 + 𝑞 2

(𝑒)(𝑝 − 𝑞)2 (𝑓)(𝑝2 + 𝑞 2 )2

(𝑔)(2𝑝 + 𝑞)(𝑞 − 𝑝) − (3𝑝 + 2𝑞) (ℎ)𝑝3 + 𝑞 3 − 3𝑝𝑞 + (2𝑝 − 𝑞)2

pg. 1
2. Given that 𝑥 = −5, 𝑦 = 3, evaluate the following:
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
(𝑎) (𝑏)
𝑥−𝑦 𝑥𝑦−1

𝑥 2 +𝑦 2 𝑥 3 −𝑦 3
(𝑐) (𝑑)
𝑥+𝑦 𝑥−𝑦

𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
3. Calculate the value of the algebraic expression 𝑥 2 −𝑥−1
1 1
(𝑎) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 (𝑏) 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = −
2 3

pg. 2
 𝑎+𝑏 𝑎+𝑐
4. If 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 4, 𝑐 = 6, find the value of + 𝑐−𝑏
𝑐

Addition and Subtraction of Algebra

1. 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑎 2. 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑎𝑏 3. 7𝑎 + 2𝑎

4. 12𝑛 − 6𝑛 5. 25𝑠𝑡 − 18𝑠𝑡 6. −12𝑥𝑦𝑧 + 48𝑥𝑦𝑧

7. −𝑚 − 9𝑚 − 6𝑚 8. ℎ + 7ℎ − 8ℎ 9. 8𝑑 − 2𝑑 − 3𝑑 + 4𝑑 − 7𝑑

10. 6𝑝 + 3𝑞 − 10𝑝 11. 7𝑐 − 2𝑑 − 3𝑑 − 2𝑐 12. −13𝑔 − 4𝑓 − 8𝑓 + 10𝑔

𝑟
13. −𝑟 + 8𝑠 + 2 − 14𝑠 14. 9𝑛 − 2𝑝 − 3𝑛 + 2𝑝 − 10 + 6 3
15. 6𝑟 − 7𝑡 + 4𝑠 − 9𝑟 − 4 𝑠 + 𝑡

Multiplication and Division of Algebra

1. 2 × 4𝑎 2. −143𝑛 ÷ 11 3. 72𝑏 ÷ 3

pg. 3
 3 ℎ 1
5. 5 × (−15𝑒)
1
4. − 8 × 2 6. (− 15) × (−450𝑤)

7. (9𝑥 − 𝑦) ÷ 3
1
8. (16ℎ + 24) ÷ 4 9. 3(𝑥 + 2)

10. 8(2𝑦 − 5) 11.

1
(4𝑥 − 𝑦) 2𝑥
12. 20 ( 5 − 4)
1
4

1 4 2 3
13. −9 (− 3 − 45 𝑡) 14. (4𝑥 − 2𝑦 − 5𝑧) ÷ (− 5) 15. (−8𝑥 − 6𝑦 + 4𝑧) ÷ (− 2)

pg. 4
Arithmetical Operations on Algebraic Expressions
(−5)×4𝑔 (−3)×(−8𝑘) 8×5𝑚
1. 2. 3.
10 12 4

4×3𝑦 −9×2𝑘 2
4. 5. 6.
12× 𝑠
3
2 36
16

7.
6𝑘×(−3)
1
8. 8𝑦 × 3𝑦 ÷ 2𝑥 9. 5(𝑎 + 2𝑏) − 3𝑏
3

10. −2𝑎 − 3(𝑎 − 𝑏) 11. 5(3𝑝 − 2𝑞) − 2(3𝑝 + 2𝑞) 12. 7𝑚 − 2𝑛 − 2(3𝑛 − 2𝑚)

13. (𝑤 + 𝑟) − 4(3𝑡 − 2𝑤) + 14. −4[5(2𝑥 + 3𝑦) − 4(𝑥 + 15. 3(𝑝 − 2𝑞) − 4(2𝑝 − 3𝑞 −
6(𝑡 − 2𝑟) 2𝑦)] 5)

pg. 5
 2𝑥−3 𝑥−3 2𝑥+7 𝑥−6
1. + 2. −
3 3 5 5

𝑥 2𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥+1
3. + 4. +
2 5 7 5

2𝑎+3 𝑎+2
5.
𝑥−4 2𝑥−5 2(𝑥+1)
6
− 4
6. + −
5 3 6

6𝑥−𝑦 3𝑥−4 5(𝑥−2) 𝑎−𝑏

7. + − 8. a −
5 10 6 2

pg. 6
 𝑥−4 2𝑥−5 1 1
9. 2𝑥 + − 10. (𝑥 + 1) − (𝑥 − 1)
9 3 2 3

1 3 4 3
11. 4 (2𝑥 + 𝑦) − 10 (𝑥 − 𝑦) 12. 5 (𝑝 + 2𝑞) + 5 (𝑝 − 𝑞)

pg. 7
Revision 9
1. Given that a = 2, b = −3, c = −1，evaluate the following.
(a)3a − 4b + c (b) 𝑏 3 − 4𝑎𝑐

𝑐
(c)𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 + 2𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐 2 (d)
𝑎+𝑏

(e)𝑎3 + 𝑏 3 − 3𝑎𝑏𝑐 (f) (𝑎 − 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑐)(𝑐 − 𝑎)

(g) (𝑎 + 𝑏)(𝑎 + 𝑐) − (𝑏 − 𝑎) (h) (2𝑏 + 𝑎)(𝑐 − 𝑎) − (2𝑐 − 3𝑏)

2. (a) 8 cans of equal weight are placed in a box 3.(a) Find the sum of 8a − 2b + 3c and − 3a +
weighing 200g. If each can weighs x g, find 4b − 3c
the total weight of cans and the box.

(b) A has RM120，he spent RMx，how much

money did he left?

(b) subtract 2r − 3s − 5t + 4 from 7r − 2s +

8t − 1
(c) Rice costs RMx per kg while sugar costs RM
y per kg. How much does 15kg of rice and
10kg of sugar costs?

pg. 8
4. Simplify each of the following. 5.Simplify each of the following：
(a) 6c + 4d − 2c − d (a)
𝑝−2
−
𝑝+1
3 4

(b)(𝑥 + 3𝑦) + (2𝑥 − 2𝑦)

𝑎−𝑏
(b) 1 −
𝑎

(c) x − (𝑦 + 3𝑥) − (2𝑥 − 𝑦)

1 1
(c) (2𝑎 − 1) + (1 − 2𝑎)
5 7

(d) 3(2𝑏 − 4𝑎) − 2(3𝑏 − 7𝑎)

(e) p + q − [𝑝 − (𝑝 − 𝑞)] 3(𝑑−𝑒)

(d) +𝑒
4

6. Given that 𝑎 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 7, evaluate the following expressions:

𝑎)4𝑎 + 5𝑏 𝑏)2𝑎2 𝑐) 3𝑎 − 4𝑏

pg. 9
𝑑) 𝑎(𝑏 − 𝑎) 𝑒)𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑓) (𝑏 − 𝑎)2

7. If 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = −4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 = −2,evaluate each of the following :

3𝑎−𝑏 3𝑎−𝑐 2𝑐−𝑎 5𝑎+4𝑐
𝑎) 2𝑐 + 𝑐−𝑏 𝑏) 3𝑐+𝑏 − 𝑐−𝑎

𝑎+𝑏+2𝑐 5𝑐 𝑏−𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑐
𝑐) − 4𝑏 𝑑) ÷ (𝑎 + )
3𝑐−𝑎−𝑏 3𝑐+4𝑏 𝑏

8. Simplify each of the following expression

𝑎) 18 − [10 − 𝑥 − (9 − 𝑥)] 𝑏) − 3 + 𝑚 − {2 − (𝑚 − 4)}

pg. 10
 1 1 2
𝑐) 10 + 3 [4𝑘 − (18 + 7𝑘)] 𝑑) 2 [16𝑥 − 3 (6𝑥 − 12)]

𝑥+1 2𝑥−1 2𝑦−3 𝑦−5

𝑒) + 𝑓) +
5 3 5 6

3𝑎−5 2𝑎−7 4−3𝑎 𝑎−4

𝑔) − ℎ) 3𝑎 − −
4 3 5 6

pg. 11
 𝑎+𝑏 𝑏+𝑐 4𝑎−𝑐 2(3𝑎+𝑏) 4(2𝑎−𝑏)
𝑖) − + 𝑗) +
3 2 5 5 3

6𝑥−𝑦 3𝑥−4𝑦 5(𝑥−2) 4(𝑥−5) 5(𝑥−𝑦) 7𝑥−𝑦

𝑘) + − 𝑙) − +
5 10 6 7 6 21

pg. 12