TDP Info
TDP Info
Level 1 Modules
TDP-101 HVAC Industry Overview TDP-103 Concepts of Air Conditioning
This TDP provides a general overview of the com- This module deals with the functions an air-condi-
mercial HVAC industry and provides an awareness tioning system must perform to provide comfort air
of the design process and construction. The docu- conditioning. Elementary air-conditioning defini-
ments involved in construction, a typical timeline tions are explained and the fundamental classifica-
of activities in the design and construction process, tion of systems are described. The types of systems,
and how these activities are influenced by the differ- their components and how they control multiple
ent participants in the process. This industry is also building zones are discussed. It is intended for
influenced by regulatory agencies and legal concerns people new to the industry who may not be familiar
that are important to designers of HVAC systems. with the many types of HVAC systems available. At
the end of this module, a novice should have a gen-
TDP-102 ABCs of Comfort eral understanding of air-conditioning systems and
This module is intended to introduce system how they deal with building zoning considerations.
designers to the parameters that influence human
comfort and how the air system and mechanical TDP201 Psychrometrics (Level 1 Introduction)
refrigeration system work together to control these Psychrometrics is the study of the air and water
conditions. The material presented will help de- vapor mixture. Proficiency in the use of the psy-
signers determine one of the first objectives of the chrometric chart is an important tool for designers
system design, which is to establish the comfort of air conditioning systems. This module introduces
standards for the project. the air-vapor mixture and how the psychrometric
chart can be used to determine the mixture’s prop-
erties. This module also explains how to plot the
eight basic air conditioning processes on the chart.
Other modules build on the information from this
module to explain the psychrometrics of various
air conditioning systems, analysis of part load and
control methods, computerized psychrometrics, and
the theory used to develop the chart.
Level 3 Modules
TDP-902 Indoor Air Quality TDP-903 Filtration
This Module will look at the importance of Indoor The methods and products available for removing
Air Quality (IAQ) to the occupants of a building. The contaminants from the air are the focus of this TDP
HVAC system may contribute to the problem of poor module. Filtration is one part of a good IAQ strat-
IAQ or provide means to maintain proper IAQ. This egy and is used to manage the indoor environment.
module will also provide an overview of ASHRAE Specifically, the types of mechanical and gas-phase
Standard 62.1 – 2004. filters used in comfort air-conditioning applications
along with electronic air cleaners are covered. Upon
TDP-903 Life Cycle Costing for HVAC Systems completion of this module, the reader should have an
Decisions about the type of HVAC system or decisions understanding of the types of filters available, their
related to making HVAC system modifications are capabilities and applications.
based of financial justification. The Federal
government, sustainable design projects and many TDP-910 Energy Recovery Air-to-Air
other entities require that these decision be based the This module deals with the methods and product
total life cycle costs rather that first cost alone. types that are available for air-to air recovery of energy
The life cycle costing method is one of the most com- in comfort air-conditioning applications. The
monly used decision making methods of determining recovered energy is transferred from the building
total life cycle financial impact. This training module exhaust airstream to the building ventilation airstream.
discusses the life cycle costing method and how it This transfer will result in energy savings and the
should be applied to HVAC-related decisions. Material potential downsizing of HVAC equipment.
is divided into six sections. These sections describe
the basic concepts behind the life cycle cost method
and a recommended procedure to follow.
Manuals
Level 3 Modules
TDP-702 Comfort Control Principles TDP-801 Controls (Level 1 Fundamental)
Air-conditioning systems maintain the desired in- The fundamentals of HVAC controls introduces the
door comfort level, starting with space temperature. basic concepts of control and the vocabulary neces-
Other comfort parameters include maintaining ac- sary to understand HVAC controls that are part of
ceptable room humidity, air motion, air quality, and the design of HVAC systems. This TDP will take
air purity. The relative importance of each system the elements and building blocks of HVAC controls
function depends upon the specific project and ap- and show how comfort control systems create the
plication. Zoning is required to maximize the num- desired equipment responses for maintaining space
ber of spaces that are successfully conditioned to the environmental condition set points. Direct digital
design criteria. This module will discuss various controls (DDC) will be focal point of the TDP.
temperature control strategies and HVAC systems
that can be employed to maximize comfort provided TDP-901 Acoustics & Vibrations
to the building occupants. Acoustic considerations for project designs are often
overlooked. When overlooked, this issues result
TDP-704 Variable Volume in noise issues that can be more expensive than if
& Temperature Systems acoustic design were considered in project develop-
VVT is an economical, all-air zoned system that ment. This TDP introduces system designers to
is ideal for many commercial jobs, especially at a the principles of acoustics and includes suggestions
time when there is so much design emphasis being on how to address acoustic issues early in design.
placed on high-quality air treatment, outdoor air An approach is also presented on how to address
ventilation, and room air circulation. VVT systems an existing project with noise issues. Understand-
are a popular solution for heating and cooling ing acoustic design principles will help designers
multiple zone applications in small to medium size select and apply equipment and design distribution
buildings. These systems are highly dependent systems that more cost effectively meet the project’s
on the control hardware and software used. The total environmental quality (TEQ) goals.
objective of this module is to define VVT, identify This module has seven sections. The first explains
applications, compare it to alternative systems, and acoustic terms and how to add and subtract sound
describe how it achieves zone temperature control. levels. The second section discusses the methods
used to establish and acoustic rating both indoors
TDP-706 Water Source Heat Pump Systems and outdoors, including how manufacturer sound
This module will provide an understanding of the data is generated. The next two sections describe
components in water source heat pump systems, how to determine the acoustic design goal and how
configuration options, system benefits, and many to estimate the sound at the receiver using the
applications associated with the overall system. source- path- receiver concept. Specific guidelines
Building types that exhibit a simultaneous cooling are provided on how to estimate the sound at the
and heating loads are ideal candidates. equipment to control noise. The next section
discusses troubleshooting existing projects, followed
by controlling vibration at the design stage. Finally,
guidelines are provided for preparing acoustic
specifications.
Level 1 Modules
TDP-300 Load Estimating (Level 1 Overview) TDP-502 Water Piping & Pumps
An overview of commercial load estimating provides Water piping and pumping is a fundamental topic
individuals with an understanding of what a load of HVAC design. The correct layout, selection and
estimate is and how it is used. Heat Transfer meth- sizing of the piping system, and associated hydronic
ods and theory are used to explain building load components are required to properly deliver chilled
components that provide the foundation for all load or hot water as required to maintain comfortable
estimates. Solar Radiant energy is presented, along conditions. The piping connections of various types
with other climatic conditions, to explain external of equipment are covered, along with piping ar-
site related conditions that affect building heat gains rangements for chilled water systems. Pump basics,
and losses. Level 1 is the first part of a four-part pipe sizing, and a pump selections complete the
series on load estimating. It is followed by funda- TDP.
mentals, and Block & Zone loads that present the
details of the various load components that make TDP-504 Duct Design Level 1 Fundamentals
up a load estimate and the steps that make up the This module will look at the way commercial duct
process of computing a load estimate. The psychro- design creates an airflow conduit for interconnect-
metric chart is used to plot conditions and processes ing an air handler, rooftop unit, or fan coil with VAV
associated with HVAC systems and loads. and CV terminals and/or room air distribution
devices as a means of delivering conditioned air to
TDP-400 Principles of Mechanical the occupants of a building. A step-by-step design
Refrigeration (Level 1 Introduction) process will be presented covering such aspects of
Air conditioning is all about moving heat energy, duct design as zoning, load determination, layout,
either by adding or removing it from one place and sizing, and determining static pressure losses for
moving it to another. This module deals with the system fan selection. After completing the module,
way heat is moved from a place of lower temperature participants will be able to manually size duct work
to a place of higher temperature in a process called using either a friction chart or a duct calculator.
mechanical refrigeration. A designer needs a thor-
ough understanding of the concepts of mechanical
TDP-631 Rooftop Units
refrigeration to create the best performing and
(Level 1 Constant Volume Units)
cost effective projects. Before proceeding to the
Constant volume packages rooftop units are one of
equipment TDPs. It is strongly recommended that
the most common HVAC systems for commercial
students complete this module.
buildings. In addition, the largest numbers of com-
mercial buildings fall within the range covered by
TDP-404 Compressor Types
these units. Even though the manufacturer fixes the
This TDP has four major sections describing com-
selection of the internal components, the designer
pressors their operation and applications. First the
must have an understanding of their features, rating,
different refrigeration cycles are discussed. The
limits, options, application, and selection to properly
second section explains terminology associated with
select and apply them. This TDP module presents
compressors and describes design and operational
the basic information a designer needs to properly
issues that relate to several types used in comfort
select and apply constant volume rooftops.
cooling applications in terms of the principle of
operation, construction, and performance. The final
section addresses system impacts on compressors
and how compressors are selected to match the
design requirements.
Level 2 Modules
TDP-301 Load Estimating TDP-612 Fans, Features & Analysis
(Level 2 Fundamentals) The heart of any air-handling system is the fan.
The fundamentals of commercial load estimating Fans may consume more energy in a typical HVAC
are needed to understand the various load compo- system than the compressors! It is extremely im-
nents that go into making a practical estimate of the portant that the correct type of fan be chosen for
amount of heating and/ or cooling energy needed to the application. This TDP module will describe fan
condition a building, done properly, a load estimate characteristics and performance in order to provide
provides the data necessary to select heating and designers with the knowledge to select and apply the
cooling equipment that can condition the spaces proper fan for various HVAC situations.
within a building. If the characteristics of the load
components for the building and the HVAC system TDP-613 Fans in Variable Air Volume Systems
are known, then an analysis of the application can One of the reasons that VAV (Variable Air Volume)
be used to come up with the correct load and equip- systems are popular is because they provided fan
ment selections to complete the design. Along with energy savings that constant volume systems cannot.
psychrometrics, load estimating establishes the Therefore, it is important that the correct type of
foundation upon which HVAC system design and VAV fan be used for the application. Equally impor-
operation occur. tant is that the fan in a VAV system is stable at part
load operation, as well as full load operation. This
TDP-302 Load Estimating TDP module will explain the types of fans that can
(Level 3 Block & Zone Loads) be used in VAV systems, as well as the controls that
Load Estimating, Level 3 is the third of a four-part may be applied to regulate each.
series on load estimating. By the end of this module
the designer will be able to run loads utilizing blocks TDP-614 Coils - Direct Expansion,
and zone loads. Chilled Water & Heating
There are many different coil applications used in
TDP-611 Central Station Air Handlers HVAC design. In this TDP, a design engineer will
Air handlers do not just handle air. They also cool, learn about the components, features, and applica-
heat, filter, and humidify. Central station air han- tions for direct expansion and chilled water cooling,
dlers are typically “built to order” with a wide variety and hot water, steam, and electric heating coils.
of available options and accessories to choose from. With an understanding of these items, the design
Central station air handlers are available factory-de- engineer can proceed with confidence to perform a
signed for indoor use or for rooftop mounting. This proper coil selection and prepare a specification.
TDP module will explain the types of equipment
and the sectional components that comprise an air TDP-622 Chillers (Level 2 Air-Cooled)
handler, both indoor and outdoor types, discuss Chillers are used in a variety of air-conditioning and
modern construction methods for central station process cooling applications. Air-cooled chillers can
air-handling units, as well as the software programs be used as a single piece unit or a split in various
used for selection. configurations. This flexibility has contributed to
their overall popularity among designers of chilled-
water systems. This TDP module will cover both
packaged single piece air-cooled chillers as well as
split system types. This TDP module will also cover
the available options and accessories, the applica-
tions, as well as criteria for selecting an air-cooled
chiller.
Level 2 Modules
TDP-633 Indoor Self Contained Units TDP-634 Split Systems
Self contained units are a unique segment of the Split Systems are one of the major categories of
packaged air-conditioning industry. They are HVAC equipment and the primary system type used
available in a variety of configurations for both in residential air conditioning. This module will
air-cooled and water-cooled applications. For com- describe what split systems are and the components
fort air conditioning applications, they are popular of the system. It will show the designer how systems
for use as spot coolers, in stores, restaurants and are applied; explain common installation issues, and
industrial buildings. Self contained units are often how to select the best system for the application.
used in multiples, usually with a cooling tower to
form a floor-by-floor system in high-rise buildings. TDP-641 Cooling Towers & Condensers
All sizes of self-contained units are available for This TDP module discusses the most common
constant volume (CV) applications. Units above 20 heat rejection equipment: condensers and cooling
tons in capacity are available for variable air volume towers. Heat rejection is a process that is an inte-
(VAV) applications where multiple zones of control gral part of the air conditioning cycle. The heat is
are necessary and fan energy savings are desired. rejected to the environment using air or water as the
medium. In order to properly apply system concepts
to a design, HVAC designers must be aware of the
different heat rejection methods. Also presented is
the concept of total heat of rejection, it’s derivation,
and how it applies to the process of air conditioning,
as well as the controls that are used to regulate each
type of heat rejection unit.
Level 3 Modules
TDP-623 Chillers (Level 3 Water-Cooled) TDP-701 System Features & Selection Criteria
Water-cooled chillers range in size from small System selection can be a simpler, more under-
20-ton capacity models that can fit in an elevator to standable process if the designer and owner follow
several thousand-ton models that cool the world’s a step-by-step procedure. This TDP on System
largest facilities such as airports, shopping centers, Selection presents one method that can be used
skyscrapers, and other facilities. This TDP module by designers on most commecial projects. We will
will review all sizes of water-cooled chillers, but begin by assembling and documenting all avail-
will contain more information on the larger chill- able project data at the earlier phases of the design
ers in the range of 200-ton and upward. Screw and process. After detemining the delivery method and
centrifugal compressor water-cooled chillers tend to budgets and schedules, and running rough heating
be the most popular designs for larger commercial and cooling loads for our zoned project, the initial
applications while scroll and reciprocating compres- list of potential HVAC systems will be assembled.
sor chillers are used on the smaller ones. This list will be reviewed against various design
critieria that were determined for the project. The
final two or three HVAC systems will be evaluatied
against a prioritized list of design criteria using a
rating method called the Systems Scoresheet. The
system with the highest numerical rating, once ap-
proved, will then be designed and built. Through-
out the selection and design processes, job require-
ments and system parameters are documented on
the Design Record form presented in the TDP.