9 Formatting a Research Paper

LESSON SKILL MATRIX

Skill Exam Objective Objective Number
Creating Citations Create bibliography citation sources. 4.1.3
Modify bibliography citation sources. 4.1.4
Insert citations for bibliographies. 4.1.5
Adding Captions Insert figure and table captions. 4.1.6
Modify caption properties. 4.1.7
Inserting Footnotes and Endnotes Insert footnotes and endnotes. 4.1.1
Modify footnote and endnote properties. 4.1.2
Creating a Table of Contents Insert a standard table of contents. 4.2.1
Update a table of contents. 4.2.2
Inserting a Cover Page Insert a cover page. 4.2.3
Creating and Modifying Headers or Footers Insert page numbers. 1.3.5
Insert headers and footers. 1.3.4
Creating Bookmarks Create bookmarks. 1.2.3
Move to a specific location or object in a document. 1.2.4

SOFTWARE ORIENTATION
References Tab
Commands on the References tab are used to create a table of contents, footnotes and endnotes,
citations and a bibliography, captions, an index, and a table of authorities.

Figure 9-1
References tab
Use this figure as a reference throughout this lesson as well as the rest of this book.

166
 Formatting a Research Paper 167

FORMATTING A RESEARCH PAPER

The Modern Language Association (MLA) style has been adopted as the style of choice by many
colleges and universities. In this section we use MLA style to show how to format a research paper.
The MLA style guidelines continue to be updated to accommodate documentation for websites,
digital publications, interviews, electronic sources, and more. Later in this lesson we discuss alter-
native styles and show you how to format in one of those, the American Psychological Association
(APA) style.

Formatting a Research Paper

As a college student, you will most likely have to take a writing class for one of your humanities or
liberal arts courses. In most cases, the class will require you to write a research paper that contains
references to outside sources. As you begin working on your research paper, you will find that
Word has made it easy for you to format the paper, add and manage your sources, select a style,
insert a bibliography, insert captions, create a table of contents, and add footnotes and endnotes.
You must learn to cite your sources to avoid plagiarism. Compromising your work by quoting,
paraphrasing, or summarizing outside sources without giving the original author credit is plagia-
rism. In this exercise, you learn how to format a research paper using the MLA style; and how
to insert citations, captions, footnotes and endnotes, a bibliography, hyperlinks, and bookmarks.

STEP BY STEP Format a Research Paper

GET READY. Before you begin these steps, be sure to LAUNCH Microsoft Word 2016.
1. OPEN the First Ladies document from the lesson folder. The document is unformatted.
2. Position the insertion point at the beginning of the document and press Enter twice to
create blank lines. Then place the insertion point at the beginning of the first blank line.
3. The MLA style requires basic identification information to be placed at the beginning
of the document. On the first line, the student’s name must appear, followed by the
instructor, the course, and the date. Type the following information on the appropriate
lines.
First line: Victoria DeLeon
Second line: Professor Frank Smith
Third line: History 101
Fourth line: March 19, 20XX
4. Select the entire document and change the font to Arial and the font size to 12 pt.
5. Change the margins to 1” top, bottom, left and right, and then change the line spacing
to Double (2.0).
6. Select the entire document except for the title and the four identification lines you
added earlier, and apply a 0.5” First Line indent.
7. Under the heading, Women in Politics, position the insertion point in the second
paragraph, beginning with “The nation has always . . . in the background.” Adjust the
left indent to 1” and remove the first-line indent.
Take Note Quotations less than four lines long are considered short quotations. These are included as part of
a paragraph, enclosed with double quotation marks, and double-spaced. The author and specific
page number must be cited in parentheses, and the punctuation mark should be placed after the
closing parenthesis. The source of the quotation must also be included in the Works Cited page.
Quotations longer than four lines are called offset quotes or block quotes. They must be formatted
as a separate paragraph, double-spaced, and indented one inch from the left margin with no quo-
tation marks. Do not indent the first line unless you are quoting several paragraphs. Use the block
format for short or long quotations that are two or more paragraphs that follow each other, with
the first line indented 1 ½” from the left margin.
168 Lesson 9

8. Position the insertion point anywhere within the title, The Evolving Role of the First
Lady, and then center the title.
9. Select each of the headings below in turn, apply a Heading 1 style to them, and make
the headings bold. The Heading 1 style keeps the titles left-aligned.
Introduction
Women in Politics
History of First Ladies
Role of First Ladies
Power of First Ladies
Conclusion
10. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

CREATING CITATIONS
Now that you formatted your research paper, citations should be placed in the document. Citing
sources should be included in documents, such as research papers, articles, or reports that analyze
or describe research you have completed on a topic. When you cite a source, you do so at the rele-
vant location within the text. Word enables you to insert a citation and create a source at the same
time. These can be managed, modified, or deleted when necessary.

Creating Citations
A citation is a note specifying the source of information. There are many rules that apply to
citations. In this lesson, you will learn to use the basic in-text citation for the MLA format, which
places parentheses after a quote that includes the author’s name and page number.

A source includes all the information about where a specific element of your paper comes from,
so the reader can find the original work. It could be a book, report, journal article, or website.

When you add a new citation to a document, you also create a new source that will appear in the
Works Cited list. A Works Cited list is a collection of sources that you place at the end of a
document. Works Cited lists are sometimes referred to as bibliographies, but a bibliography
contains only books, while a Works Cited list can contain a variety of source media.

Take Note In the MLA format, the list of sources is called Works Cited. In the APA format, it is called a
References list.

Each time you create a new source in any document, Word saves the information on your comput-
er in a master list, so you can find and re-use any source in other documents. Word also creates a
current list, which contains all of the sources in your current document. You can modify the list
at any time.

If, while writing our paper, all of the data for a source is not available, you can insert a placeholder
and fill it at a later time. To add a placeholder, click Add New Placeholder on the Insert Citation
menu. In this exercise, you learn to create a citation.
 Formatting a Research Paper 169

STEP BY STEP Create Citations

You can choose from many different reference styles when formatting your citations and
your list of sources. American Psychological Association (APA) and Modern Language
Association (MLA) are the most common. The selected format inserts the information in
the correct layout. Additional formats are also available, so make sure you check with your
instructor on which style you should use.
GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the Style drop-down
list and change the value to MLA Seventh Edition (see Figure 9-2).

Figure 9-2
Style menu

2. Under the heading, Women in Politics, position the insertion point at the end of the
second paragraph, after …in the background but before the ending period.
3. Click the Insert Citation button in the Citations & Bibliography group. A menu appears.
4. Select Add New Source. The Create Source dialog box appears.
5. The Create Source dialog box contains fields for the source information, including the
author, title, year of copyright, city where publisher is located, and publisher’s name.
Click the Show All Bibliography Fields checkbox to display additional fields.
6. The Type of Source menu displays Book as the default. Click the drop-down arrow to
review the additional source options. The fields in the dialog box will automatically be
adjusted for you depending on the source type. Leave the Type of Source value at the
default.
170 Lesson 9

7. Type the source information that is shown below.

Type of Source: Book
Author: Mayo, Edith; Meringolo, Denise D.
Title: First Ladies: Political Role and Public Image
Year: 1990
City: Washington
State/Province: D.C.
Publisher: Smithsonian Institute
8. Click OK. The citation is added to the text, and the source information is saved. The
author names (Mayo and Meringolo) appear in parentheses. When you use the MLA
format, the citation uses the author-page method and places the information in
parentheses. In this instance, the page number is not appearing yet; later, you will learn
to modify the citation.
9. Under the heading, History of First Ladies, click to position the insertion point at the
end of the second sentence, following the word speech but before the period.
10. Click the Insert Citation button and select Add New Source. The Create Source dialog
box appears.
Take Note Notice that the first source appears when you click the Insert Citation button. This makes it easy
to insert multiple citations for the same source.

11. Type the source information for MLA style in the dialog box, as shown below.
Type of Source: Book
Author: Anthony, Carl Sferrazza
Title: America’s First Families: An Inside View of 200 Years of Private Life in the
White House
Year: 2000
City: New York
Publisher: Simon & Schuster, Inc.
12. Click OK. The citation appears in he text.
13. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 2 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Modifying a Citation and a Source

Word makes editing sources easy by providing context menus on the citation placeholders, provid-
ing easy access to the dialog boxes you use to modify citations and sources.

When you insert a citation, Word 2016 inserts it into your document inside a placeholder. When
you hover your mouse over the citation, it appears shaded. You can easily modify the text within
the placeholder or the source or citation data that goes along with it.

STEP BY STEP Modify a Citation and a Source

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. At the end of the second paragraph in the Women in Politics section, click on the
first citation you inserted. Click the drop-down arrow to display a context menu (see
Figure 9-3).
 Formatting a Research Paper 171

Figure 9-3
Citation placeholder
and menu

2. Select Edit Source from the menu. The Edit Source dialog box appears, filled with the
information you entered earlier about the source.
3. In the Year field, change the year of publication to 1994.
4. Click OK. Word displays a prompt asking: “This source exists in your master list and
current document. Do you want to update both lists with these changes?”
5. Click Yes.
6. The citation is still selected. Click the drop-down arrow again, and this time select Edit
Citation. The Edit Citation dialog box appears. The Edit Citation dialog box enables
you to add page numbers specifying the exact location in the source to which you are
referring. You can also make decisions about what to display within the citation text by
selecting the Suppress checkboxes. You can suppress the Author, Year, and/or Title.
7. In the Suppress section, select the Author check box, and then click OK. The authors’
names are replaced with the title.
8. Under the heading, Role of First Ladies , position the insertion point at the end of the
second paragraph, after the words Mayo and Meringolo added and before the period.
9. In the Citations & Bibliography group, click Insert Citation. The menu lists the two
sources that you have cited in the current document. This is your current list. Select the
Mayo, Edith, Meringolo, Denise D. citation. The citation is inserted.
10. Click the citation. Click the drop-down arrow to display the citation options and select
Edit Citation. The Edit Citation dialog box appears.
11. In the Add section, type 8 in the Pages box, and in the Suppress section, select the
Author and Title checkboxes. Click OK.
12. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 3 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.
13. Under the heading, Women in Politics, click the citation you created earlier. Then click
the drop-down arrow and select Edit Citation. The Edit Citation dialog box appears.
14. Clear the Author checkbox and click OK. The author’s names reappear in the citation.
15. Select the citation you created in the Role of First Ladies section, open the Edit Citation
dialog box, and clear the Author and Title checkboxes. Click OK.
16. Under the heading, History of First Ladies, place the insertion point at the end of the
paragraph after shakers and before the period.
Take Note In this next step, you will insert a citation placeholder. A citation placeholder is a tag name for the
source. You can also use this as a reference for yourself as you continue working on your research
paper. You can edit tag names in the Edit Source dialog box.

17. Click the Insert Citation button and then select Add New Placeholder. The Placeholder
Name dialog box appears.
18. In the Placeholder Name dialog box, spaces are not permitted. Type Research_source;
then click OK.
19. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 4 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

172 Lesson 9

Manage Sources
The Source Manager displays all the sources you have created and provides options for their man-
agement. The Source Manager displays two lists: the master list, which contains all of the sources
for all documents you have created using Word, and the current list, which includes all of the
sources you have created in the current document. The Source Manager enables you to manage
these sources by sorting, moving, copying, deleting, or creating them. In this exercise, you learn
to manage your sources.

STEP BY STEP Manage Sources

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the Manage Sources
button. The Source Manager dialog box appears (see Figure 9-4).

Figure 9-4
Source Manager dialog box

2. In the Master List section, select the Anthony source.

3. Click the Edit button. The Edit Source dialog box appears.
4. Select the Show All Bibliography Fields checkbox. The Edit Source dialog box expands
to include additional fields.
5. Type NY in the State/Province field and then click OK to close the Edit Source dialog box.
6. Word displays a prompt asking: “This source exists in your master list and current
document. Do you want to update both lists with these changes?” Click Yes.
7. Click the Close button on the Source Manager dialog box.
8. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 5 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open for the next exercise.

Removing a Citation
You can remove a citation from your document without removing the source data. The source data
remains saved in the current document list and in the master list; therefore, if you decide you need
to cite that source in another location, you can choose it from the Insert Citation menu. If you
want to remove the citations permanently, you can open the Source Manager dialog box, select the
 Formatting a Research Paper 173

source, and then click the Delete button. In this exercise, you learn to remove a citation without
removing the source.

STEP BY STEP Remove a Citation

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Under the heading, History of First Ladies, position the insertion point after Anthony in
the second sentence.
2. Click the citation placeholder tab to select the entire citation.
Take Note At the beginning of the placeholder, you will see a tab with three vertical dots. Click this tab to
select the entire citation.

3. Press Delete to remove the citation from the document.

4. Open the Source Manager dialog box. Notice that the source is still in both lists. When
you are done, close the dialog box.
5. Click the Undo button on the Quick Access Toolbar. The citation reappears.
6. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 6 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open for the next exercise.

CREATING A WORKS CITED PAGE

Word provides a gallery of bibliography formats from which to choose and enables you to auto-
matically generate a bibliography from the sources in your Current List. A bibliography is a page
that lists all of the sources in your paper. The Works Cited page called for in the MLA format is a
type of bibliography, which can include sources other than books.

Take Note Biblio- is the combining form of a Greek word meaning “book.” Therefore, a bibliography, tech-
nically speaking, is a list of books. Because so many of the sources used for research today are not
books - such as articles, databases, audio/video, and other media - the term bibliography has gone
out of favor in scholastic circles. This is why the MLA uses Works Cited for a list of sources, and
the APA uses References.

Make sure you follow your instructor’s guidelines as to which bibliography format you should use.
You can choose to insert a bibliography at the end of the document, or you can insert a page break
to create a new page for the bibliography. After you insert the bibliography, Word enables you to
update it by adding and deleting sources or removing the bibliography entirely. In this exercise,
you learn to insert a Works Cited page.

STEP BY STEP Insert a Works Cited Page

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Press Ctrl+End to get to the end of the document. The insertion point is positioned
after the last sentence of the document.
2. Press Ctrl+Enter to insert a page break.
3. Press the Backspace key to remove the first line indent.
4. On the References tab, in the Citations & Bibliography group, click the Bibliography
button. A menu of built-in bibliography styles appears. You can choose to insert
174 Lesson 9

an automatic bibliography at the end of the document or on a new page. The Insert
Bibliography command inserts a bibliography without a title. For your research paper,
your instructor has instructed you to use the Works Cited style.
5. Select the Works Cited style. The Works Cited list appears on the new page (see
Figure w9-5).

Figure 9-5
Works Cited page

6. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 7 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Updating a Works Cited Page

After adding new sources or modifying sources, you must update the bibliography to reflect the
changes or additions you have made. When you hover your insertion point over the bibliography,
Word shows the placeholder, similar to the way it shows citations. You can select the bibliography
using the placeholder tab. To display the placeholder tab, click anywhere in the bibliography. In
this exercise, you learn to update your Works Cited page.

STEP BY STEP Update a Works Cited Page

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Under the heading, Role of First Ladies, position the insertion point in the first
paragraph, at the beginning of the fifth sentence, after the word Gutin.
2. Click Insert Citation and select Add New Source. The Create Source dialog box
appears.
3. Select the Show All Bibliography Fields checkbox. The dialog box expands to include
more fields.
4. Type the source information below.
Type of Source: Book
Author: Gutin, Myra G.
Title: The President’s Partner: The First Lady in the Twentieth Century
Year: 1989
City: Westport
State/Province: CT
Publisher: Greenwood Press
 Formatting a Research Paper 175

5. Click OK. The new citation appears in the text.

6. Scroll down to the Works Cited page and click anywhere in the bibliography to display
the placeholder tab.
7. Click the Update Citations and Bibliography button. The page is automatically updated
with the new source you created (see Figure 9-6).

Figure 9-6
Works Cited page updated

8. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 8 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open for the next exercise.

Deleting a Works Cited Page

You can easily delete a bibliography. However, the source information is still saved with the cur-
rent document, as well as within Word’s master list. To delete the entire bibliography, click the
placeholder tab next to the title and press the Delete key.

STEP BY STEP Delete a Works Cited Page

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Click anywhere in the biography to display the placeholder tab.
2. Click the three vertical dots in the placeholder tab to select the entire bibliography and
source list.
3. Press the Delete key. The bibliography is deleted.
4. Click the Undo button on the Quick Access Toolbar.
5. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 9 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive then CLOSE the file.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open for the next exercise.

Working with Tables of Authorities

A table of authorities is a specialized type of bibliography used in legal documents. A table of
authorities lists all of the legal citations in a document and the page numbers on which they are
located. Many of the skills for working with a table of authorities are the same as those you learned
when working with citations and bibliographies.
176 Lesson 9

There are two steps in generating a table of authorities:

1. Mark the citations. To mark a citation, select a reference to a case in the document,
such as “Forrester v. Craddock, 51 Wn 2d 315 (1957).” Then, on the References tab, in
the Table of Authorities group. click the Mark Citation button and fill in the information
about the citation in the Mark Citation dialog box.
2. Insert the table of authorities. To do so, position the insertion point where you want the
table of authorities to appear (typically at the end of the document), and then, on the
References tab, click Insert Table of Authorities.
If you change the citations after generating the table of authorities, you can easily update your
table of authorities. To do so, position the insertion point anywhere within the table of authorities
and, on the References tab, in the Table of Authorities group, click the Update Table button.

INSERTING FOOTNOTES AND ENDNOTES

The exercises you completed in this lesson demonstrated how to format your research paper using
MLA style. Next, you will apply the skills that you have learned in the following exercises by in-
serting footnotes, endnotes, a table of contents, and a title page. If your paper requires a title page,
Word can easily insert this into your document. If needed, a table of contents page follows the title
page and should be separated with a next page section break, so that headers, footers, and page
numbers are formatted correctly.

Inserting Footnotes in a Document

As with a Works Cited list, endnotes and footnotes are types of citations that provide source infor-
mation for quotes, paraphrases, and summaries. The primary difference is that, with footnotes and
endnotes, you insert a superscript number into your text, and the number refers to a specific note.

Take Note Superscript is a printer’s term referring to text that is slightly smaller than that of the rest of the
document and set slightly above the normal line of type. A subscript is smaller text set slightly
below the normal line of type. In addition to footnote and endnote references, superscripts are also
used in mathematics, such as when a number is raised to a power. For example, the expression for
the number ten to the third power is the numeral 10 followed by a superscript 3, i.e. 103.

A footnote is placed at the bottom of the page on which the citation is located, while an endnote
is placed in a list at the end of the document. In Word, footnotes and endnotes are automatically
numbered. You can edit a footnote or endnote within the text, and when you delete a footnote or
endnote, Word automatically renumbers the remaining notes. Whether or not you use footnotes
or endnotes in your papers depends on the discipline you are studying and on your instructor. In
this lesson, you learn to insert a footnote and endnote into a document.

STEP BY STEP Create Footnotes and Endnotes

GET READY. OPEN the Research on First Ladies document you created earlier from the
lesson folder.
1. Under the heading, Women in Politics, position the insertion point at the end of the
second paragraph.
2. On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, click the Insert Footnote button. A
superscript 1 appears after the paragraph and at the foot of the page. You will be citing
the source in the footnote area.
3. Type Mayo, Edith and Denise Meringolo. First Ladies: Political Role and Public Image.
Washington: Smithsonian Institute, 1994. You have entered the book title source for
the footnote.
 Formatting a Research Paper 177

Take Note Notice that when you hover over the superscript at the end of the second paragraph, a ScreenTip
appears displaying the footnote text.

4. Under the heading, History of First Ladies, place the insertion point at the end of the
second sentence (before Anthony). In the Footnotes group, click the Insert Footnote
button. A superscript 2 appears at the insertion point, and at the bottom of the page.
5. At the bottom of the document page, type Anthony, Carl Sferrazza. America’s First
Families: An Inside View of 200 Years of Private Life in the White House. New York:
Simon & Schuster, Inc., 2000. The bottom of page 2 should resemble Figure 9-7.

Figure 9-7
Unformatted footnote

6. Position the insertion point under the heading, Role of First Ladies, at the end of
the fifth sentence, after the word advocates. In the Footnotes group, click the Insert
Footnote button. A superscript 3 is placed after the punctuation.
7. At the bottom of the document page, type Gutin, Myra G. The President’s Partner: The
First Lady in the Twentieth Century. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1989.
8. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 10 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Formatting Footnotes and Endnotes

According to the Modern Language Association (MLA), a bottom of the page footnote in
MLA Style must be single spaced with a hanging indent and double spacing between each foot-
note, while an endnote is double spaced with a first line indent. In this lesson, you learn to format
and delete a footnote and endnote.

STEP BY STEP Format Footnotes

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. On page 2, select the two footnotes at the bottom of the page.
2. Right-click the selected footnotes and, on the context menu, select Paragraph. The
Paragraph dialog box appears.
3. Change the Special drop-down list to Hanging and leave the By setting at the default
0.5”. The Line Spacing setting is already set to Single space.
4. Click OK.
5. Place the insertion point after the first footnote on page 2, open the Paragraph dialog
box, and increase the Spacing After setting to 12 pt. Then click OK. This action creates
the required spacing between the footnotes.
178 Lesson 9

6. Format the footnote on page 3 by changing the Special setting to a 0.5” Hanging indent
and set Spacing After to 12 pt.
7. Select the superscript 1 in the footnote at the bottom of the document on page 2.
8. On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, click the Footnote and Endnote arrow.
The Footnote and Endnote dialog box appears.
9. In the Format section, in the Number format drop-down list, select the uppercase
Roman numerals (see Figure 9-8).

Figure 9-8
Footnote and Endnote
dialog box

10. Click Apply. The numbering format changes for all of the footnotes in the document.
11. SAVE the document Research on First Ladies 11 in the lesson folder on your flash drive.
12. Select the first footnote superscript in the Women in Politics section. Delete the
footnote. Notice that the footnote itself disappears from the bottom of the page, and
the remaining footnotes are automatically renumbered.
13. Click Undo.
14. SAVE the document in the lesson folder on your flash drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Converting Footnotes and Endnotes

It is easy to convert from a footnote to an endnote or from an endnote to a footnote. In this exer-
cise, you learn to convert from footnotes to endnotes and to format the endnote.

STEP BY STEP Convert Footnotes and Endnotes

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. At the bottom of page 2, place the insertion point at the beginning of the first footnote
below the horizontal line.
2. On the References tab, in the Footnotes group, click the arrow to launch the Footnote
and Endnote dialog box.
3. Click the Convert button. The Convert Notes dialog box appears. The first option
(Convert all footnotes to endnotes) is selected.
 Formatting a Research Paper 179

4. Click OK to convert the notes and close the Convert Notes dialog box.
5. Click Close to close the Footnote and Endnote dialog box. Scroll through the document
and notice that the footnotes are no longer positioned at the bottoms of the pages. The
endnotes are now at the end of the document, using lowercase roman numerals.
6. Place the insertion point after the last paragraph in the document.
7. On the Insert tab, in the Pages group, click the Page Break button to insert a page
break, separating the endnotes from the document and placing them on a new page.
8. Select the first endnote and change the Number format back to 1, 2, 3… The endnotes
are renumbered with the new format.
9. Select all of the endnotes and open the Paragraph dialog box. Then change the Line
spacing to Double, the Special setting to First line indent, and the Spacing After value
to 0 pt.
10. Click OK. The endnotes appear as shown in Figure 9-9.

Figure 9-9
Formatted endnotes

11. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 12 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

SOFTWARE ORIENTATION
Table of Contents Group on the Ribbon
When working with your research paper, adding a table of contents can make it easy for the reader
to locate a section of your paper quickly. The table of contents makes it easy to jump from one
location in your document to another. Word automatically creates links for you, and, should you
Figure 9-10 decide to present the paper online, the links will be in your document.
Table of Contents group

Use this figure as a reference throughout this lesson as well as the rest of this book.
180 Lesson 9

CREATING A TABLE OF CONTENTS

A table of contents is usually found at the beginning of a long document to help readers quickly
locate topics of interest. A table of contents (TOC) is an ordered list of the headings in a
document, along with the page numbers on which the headings are found. The table of contents
follows the title page.

Creating a Table of Contents

Word makes inserting a table of contents easy by providing a built-in gallery of styles on the Table
of Contents menu. You can use one of the styles from the built-in gallery or manually format a
table of contents. Your document must contain heading styles for Word to automatically build a
Table of Contents. Word will construct your Table of Contents based on any heading style in the
document. For example, if you use Heading 1, Heading 2, and Heading 3 styles in your document
and then generate a table of contents, Word automatically knows which heading style you are
using. In this exercise, you learn to create a table of contents.

STEP BY STEP Create a Table of Contents

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. Position the insertion point at the beginning of the document. On the Layout tab, in the
Page Setup group, click Breaks and, in the Section Breaks section, select Next Page.
Then, move the insertion point to the top of the first page. By inserting a section break,
you separate the Table of Contents from the rest of the document, because you may
need to insert page numbers differently.
2. Press Enter twice to create a blank line above the section break, and place the insertion
point on the top line.
3. On the References tab, in the Table of Contents group, click the Table of Contents
button. A menu appears, containing a gallery of built-in styles.
4. Select the Automatic Table 2 style. The table of contents is inserted in the document.
When you click inside the table of contents, it is shaded in gray. Each entry is linked
to a heading in the document and has a ScreenTip instructing you to Ctrl+Click to
advance to that heading. This particular Table of Contents style contains headings and
right tab settings with dot leaders. The page numbers are automatically inserted for
each heading. When you select the table, the Table of Contents tab appears at the top,
enabling you to select the table, change the format, and update its contents (see Figure
9-11).
5. Press Ctrl and click the mouse button to follow the link to the Power of First Ladies
heading. Word jumps to that section of the document. Press Ctrl+Home to go to the
beginning of the document.
6. SAVE your document as Research on First Ladies 13 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

 Formatting a Research Paper 181

Click three buttons to select entire table

Figure 9-11
Automatic Table 2 style
applied to document

Formatting a Table of Contents

The Table of Contents dialog box has other formatting options, including whether to show page
numbers or right-align page numbers. You can also specify tab leaders, which are the symbols
that appear between the table of contents topic and the corresponding page number. In this lesson,
you learn to format a table of contents by changing the alignment tab leaders and levels.

STEP BY STEP Format a Table of Contents

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Select the table of contents you created, and in the Table of Contents group, click the
Table of Contents button.
2. Select Custom Table of Contents from the menu. The Table of Contents dialog box
appears (see Figure 9-12). The Print Preview box shows the style used to create the
printed table of contents. The Web Preview box displays the same content using
hyperlinks instead of page numbers. Using the controls in the Table of Contents dialog
box, you can specify whether to show page numbers and whether to right-align those
page numbers. Tab leaders are symbols that serve as a visual guide connecting the
headings to the page numbers. These can appear as periods, hyphens, lines, or nothing
at all. You can also change the format of the Table of Contents to display multiple
heading levels.
182 Lesson 9

Figure 9-12
Table of Contents dialog box

3. In the General section, from the Formats drop-down list, select the Simple format. You
can see the format’s differences in the preview areas.
4. Click the Options button. The Table of Contents Options dialog box appears.
5. In the Build table of contents from section, scroll down in the TOC level list until you
come to the styles and their levels marked for inclusion in the table of contents.
6. Add a TOC level 4 by typing 4 in the box by Heading 4. A check mark appears by the
heading.
7. Click OK to close the Table of Contents Options dialog box, and then click OK to close
the Table of Contents dialog box.
8. When a message box appears, prompting you to replace the table of contents, click
OK. The table of contents is updated and now contains the page number next to the
heading with no tab leader. If you had four heading levels in your document, you would
see Heading 4 in the Styles group of the Home tab.
9. OPEN the Custom Table of Contents and the Table of Contents Options dialog boxes
again and remove the Heading 4 you created earlier.
10. Click OK to close the Table of Contents Options dialog box.
11. In the Table of Contents dialog box, in the Format drop-down list, select Distinctive.
The table of contents now appears with a line as a tab leader followed by the page
number.
12. Click OK to close the dialog box and then click Yes to replace the table of contents.
13. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 14 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

 Formatting a Research Paper 183

SOFTWARE ORIENTATION
Caption Dialog Box
When working with captions in a document, you use the Caption dialog box (see Figure 9-13).
From there, you can select various caption options, including labels and numbering.

Figure 9-13
Caption dialog box

Use this figure as a reference throughout this lesson as well as the rest of this book.

ADDING CAPTIONS
Word can automatically add captions to your document when you have tables, figures, or other
objects, or you can manually add captions.

Adding Captions
A caption is a line of text that describes an object, which can appear above or below the object it
describes. As you continue working on your paper, you might decide to add a table and insert pic-
tures. Adding a caption below or above the table would be informative to anyone who reads your
report. As you continue working with captions, you also learn that you can use captions for figures
and equations. In this exercise, you learn to add a caption to a figure, a table, and an equation.

STEP BY STEP Add Captions to a Table

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 14 document that is open from the previous
exercise.
1. Under the heading, Power of First Ladies, position the insertion point at the end of the
last paragraph, ending with …hurt her husband’s career, and press Enter to add a blank
line.
2. Insert a table with two columns and three rows at the blank line. Type the following
information in the table.
First column first row: First Ladies
Second column first row: Years in White House
Second column second row: January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989
Second column third row: January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001
184 Lesson 9

3. Place the insertion point in the first column, second row and, from the lesson folder,
insert the Nancy Reagan image into that cell..
4. Place the insertion point in the first column, third row and, from the lesson folder,
insert the Hillary Clinton image into that cell.
5. Adjust the height for both images to 1.27”.
6. Select the entire table and apply the AutoFit Contents command.
7. Position the insertion point below the table at a blank line.
8. On the References tab, in the Captions group, click the Insert Caption button to open
the Caption dialog box.
9. In the Label drop-down list, select Table. This changes the label option in the Caption
box. The Caption box now displays Table 1.
10. Place the insertion point in the Caption box after 1 then press the spacebar once. Type
First Ladies then click OK. The caption is inserted below the table.
11. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 15 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open to use in the next exercise.

Adding Captions to a Figure

The same process you used to add a caption for a table is applicable to figures and any other ob-
jects. Your research paper contains two images, and you would like to insert a caption for each
image. In this exercise, you insert a caption for the images you inserted earlier.

STEP BY STEP Add Captions to a Figure

GET READY. USE the document that is open from the previous exercise.
1. Select the first image, Nancy Reagan.
2. Click the Insert Caption button and, in the Caption dialog box, change the Label value
to Figure.
3. In the Caption text box, after Figure 1, press the Space bar and type Nancy Reagan.
4. In the Position drop-down list, select Above selected item and click OK. The caption
appears above the image.
5. Select the second image, Hillary Clinton.
6. Click the Insert Caption button. The Caption dialog box appears.
7. In the Label drop-down list, leave the default value of Figure in place.
8. In the Caption text box, after Figure 2, press the Space bar and type Hillary Clinton.
9. In the Position drop-down list, leave the default value Above selected item in place and
click OK. The caption appears above the image.
10. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 16 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open for another exercise. You will return to this document
later in the lesson.

Adding Captions to an Equation

The same method for adding captions to tables and figures applies to equations as well; you sim-
ply select a different item in the Label list—or create a new label. If you are writing a paper that
contains equations, you can add a description for each one. When you reopen the Caption dialog
box, the label and numbering format you previously selected appear along with the next sequential
number. For example, if you inserted the caption “Figure 1,” the next time you open the Caption
 Formatting a Research Paper 185

dialog box in that document, “Figure 2” appears. In this exercise, you learn to add a caption, re-
position it, and change the numbering format.

STEP BY STEP Add Captions to an Equation

GET READY. OPEN a blank Word document.

1. Press Enter to create a blank line.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Symbols group, click the drop-down arrow next to the
Equation button to display the menu (see Figure 9-14).

Figure 9-14
Equation menu

3. Click Area of Circle to insert the equation into the document.

4. Click the shortcut drop-down arrow by the equation, point to Justification, and click
Left. The equation moves to the left side of the document.
5. Move the insertion point to the blank line above the equation.
6. On the References tab, in the Captions group, click the Insert Caption button to display
the Caption dialog box.
7. In the Label drop-down list, select Equation. In the Position list, the caption is already
set to Above selected item. The Position list is grayed out because the equation was
not selected. Selecting the equation activates the option to select to Above selected
item or Below selected item. The insertion point is above the equation; therefore, the
caption will be placed on the blank line above the equation
8. Select the Exclude label from caption checkbox. The text, Equation, is removed from
the Caption text box.
186 Lesson 9

9. Click the Numbering button to display the Caption Numbering dialog box.
10. In the Format drop-down list, select A, B, C . . . and then click OK.
11. A new numbering caption appears in the Caption box. Clear the Exclude label from
caption checkbox. The text Equation A appears in the Caption text box.
12. In the Caption text box, place the insertion point after A. Then type a colon, press the
Spacebar once, and type Area of a Circle.
13. Click OK. The caption appears on the line above the equation.
14. Place the insertion point at the end of the equation and press Enter twice.
15. Insert the Binomial Theorem equation.
16. Select the equation (by clicking the three dots), and then click the Insert Caption button
to display the Caption dialog box. In the Caption text box, Equation B is automatically
added. Word tracks which caption you are using and renumbers it for you.
17. In the Caption text box, position the insertion point after B. Type a colon followed by a
space, and then type Binomial Theorem Equation.
18. In the Position drop-down list, select Above selected item. Click OK. The caption
appears above the equation.
19. SAVE the document as Equations with Captions in the lesson folder on your flash
drive, and then CLOSE the file.

PAUSE. LEAVE Word open to use in the next exercise.

Troubleshooting Word inserts captions as text, but the sequential caption number is inserted as a field. If your
caption looks similar to {SEQ Figure \* ALPHABETIC}, Word is displaying field codes instead of
field results. To see the field results, press Alt+F9.

Creating a Table of Figures

Some documents sequentially number and caption figures, like the captions you created in “Add-
ing Captions” earlier in this lesson. If you like, you can create a table of figures to summarize
them. A table of figures is like a table of contents except that it lists each figure number, caption,
and the page number on which it appears, rather than each text heading in the document.

STEP BY STEP Create a Table of Figures

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 16 document that you left open in an earlier
exercise.
1. Move the insertion point to the end of the document and press Ctrl+Enter to create a
page break.
2. Type Table of Figures and apply the Heading 1 style. Then press Enter to start a new
paragraph.
3. On the References tab, click Insert Table of Figures. The Table of Figures dialog box
appears (see Figure 9-15).
 Formatting a Research Paper 187

Figure 9-15
Table of Figures dialog box

4. Clear the Use hyperlinks instead of page numbers checkbox.

5. In the General section, in the Caption label drop-down list, select Figure.
6. Click OK. The Table of Figures is created.
7. SAVE the file as Research on First Ladies 17 in the lesson folder on your flash drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

CREATING AND MODIFYING HEADERS AND FOOTERS

A header appears at the top of a document page, and a footer appears at the bottom. The
Header & Footer group is found on the Insert tab and contains commands for inserting built-in
headers, footers, and page numbers into a Word document.

The Page Number button in the Header & Footer group has commands for inserting page num-
bers in the header, the footer, or the side margin of a page using a built-in gallery. In this exercise,
you learn to insert page numbers in a document.

Adding a Header with a Page Number

According to the MLA style, your paper should have a header on every page, displaying your last
name followed by a page number,.

STEP BY STEP Add a Header with a Page Number

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 17 document that is open from the previous
exercise.
1. Place the insertion point anywhere on the first page.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Header & Footer group, click the Page Number button.
3. In the menu that appears, point to Top of Page to display a gallery of numbering styles
(see Figure 9-16).
4. In the gallery, select Plain Number 3. Page numbers are inserted on all pages. The
page number is positioned on the right side as stated in the MLA style guidelines, and
the Header & Footer Tools - Design tab appears in the ribbon.
188 Lesson 9

Figure 9-16
Gallery of page numbering
styles

5. Make sure the insertion point is resting in front of the Page Number field. Type the last
name (DeLeon) then press the Spacebar once. A page header will be inserted on every
page in the document.
6. Click the Close Header and Footer button in the Close group.
7. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 18 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Unlinking and Linking Section Headers and Footers

In a document that contains more than one section, you can specify whether the header and footer
styles carry over between sections. By default, the same header and footer appear in each section.
However, you might want to have different headers and footers for different chapters in a long re-
port, for example, or to differentiate the main part of the report from the opening or closing pages.

To link or unlink the headers and footers from one section to another, move the insertion point
into the header or footer. Then, on the Header & Footer Tools - Design tab, click the Link to
Previous button to toggle the link on or off. In the following exercise, you will toggle the link off.

STEP BY STEP Unlink and Link Section Headers

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 18 document that is open from the previous
exercise.
1. Position the mouse pointer at the beginning of the Conclusion heading.
2. On the Layout tab, click the Breaks button and select Next Page.
3. Double-click in the header area at the top of page 6. The Header & Footer Tools -
Design tab appears.
4. Click the Link to Previous button to break the link. The headers and footers of the two
sections are now disconnected. However, the same text still appears in both sections,
for now.
 Formatting a Research Paper 189

5. In the header area at the top of page 6, position the insertion point before DeLeon and
then on the Home tab, in the Paragraph group, click Align Left.
6. Type Conclusion and then press Tab twice to move the name and page number back to
its previous location.
7. Scroll up in the document to confirm that the header in the previous section was not
affected.
8. On the Header & Footer Tools - Design tab, click Close Header and Footer.
9. SAVE the file as Research on First Ladies 19 in the lesson folder on your flash drive.
10. PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

INSERTING A COVER PAGE

A cover page is a decorative page at the beginning of a document, typically containing the title of
the paper, the author’s name, and sometimes other information, such as the date and the course
or instructor’s name.

Word 2016 includes a gallery of cover pages from which you can choose, ranging from the simple
to the elaborate.

Adding a Cover Page

The MLA style does not call for a cover page, but your instructor has included one as part of the
requirements for your paper. In this exercise, you insert a cover page to your existing document.

STEP BY STEP Insert a Cover Page

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 19 document that is open from a previous
exercise.
1. Place the insertion point anywhere on the first page.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Pages group, click the Cover Page button. The thumbnail
gallery of built-in cover pages appears (see Figure 9-17).

Figure 9-17
Gallery of cover pages
Photos courtesy of Microsoft
190 Lesson 9

3. Scroll down in the thumbnail gallery and select the Ion (Light) cover page. The cover
page is inserted at the beginning of the document.
4. In the upper-right corner of the new cover page, click the Year field and type the current
year.
5. Click the Document title field and type The Evolving Role of the First Lady.
6. Click the Document subtitle field.
7. In the Subtitle tab that appears, select the entire field by clicking the three dots and
then press the Delete key. The field disappears.
8. Click the Author field and then type Victoria DeLeon.
9. SAVE the file as Research on First Ladies 20 in the lesson folder on your flash drive.
10. PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

INSERTING HYPERLINKS
You can add hyperlinks to a research paper or any document that can benefit from a link to help
the reader quickly find a source you are referencing. Your instructor might require you to share
your document online with others, which will enable readers to follow the links in your document.
A hyperlink is a way to jump from one location to another, either within the same document or
to an external location. To follow the link, you hold the Ctrl key while clicking with the left mouse
button on the hyperlink. You can apply hyperlinks to text or graphics. Hyperlinks can be external
links to a web page on the Internet; to a specific target location within the document, such as a
bookmark or heading; to an email address; or to a different document.

Inserting a Hyperlink
A hyperlink quickly takes you to a location within the document, to a web page, to a different
document, or to an email address. In this exercise, you learn to insert a hyperlink for text and for
an image, add a ScreenTip, and remove a hyperlink and ScreenTip.

STEP BY STEP Insert a Hyperlink

GET READY. USE the Research on First Ladies 20 document that is open from a previous
exercise.
1. Go to page 5 and select the Nancy Reagan picture.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the Hyperlink button to open the Insert
Hyperlink dialog box (see Figure 9-18).

Figure 9-18
Insert Hyperlink dialog box
 Formatting a Research Paper 191

3. In the Link to list, the Existing File or Web Page option is selected by default. In the
Address text box, type http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/.
Take Note Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is how the data is transferred to the external site
through the servers.

4. Click OK. The picture is now linked to the external site.

5. To test the link, press Ctrl, then click the link with the left mouse button. When you
hover over the link, a ScreenTip automatically appears with instructions on what to do.
6. Select the Hillary Clinton picture and repeat steps 2 to 4. Word recalls the last address,
and the full address will appear once you start typing. You have now linked two
pictures to an external site.
Take Note It is recommended that you always test your links before posting or sharing your document.

7. You can add links for text or phrases using the same process that you just completed.
Insert hyperlinks using the same Web address to both of the caption containing the
first ladies’ names. Both names will then be underlined, showing that they are linked.
8. Hover over Nancy Reagan’s picture and you should see the full address that you typed.
It would be better to change the ScreenTip with the full name. Select the picture of
Nancy Reagan.
9. Press Ctrl+K to open the Edit Hyperlink dialog box.
10. Click the ScreenTip button. The Set Hyperlink ScreenTip dialog box appears.
11. Type First Lady Nancy Reagan.
12. Click OK to close the Set Hyperlink ScreenTip dialog box. Click OK to close the Edit
Hyperlink dialog box.
13. Place your insertion point over the image and notice the ScreenTip; it now appears as
First Lady Nancy Reagan.
14. Select the Hillary Clinton picture and replace the ScreenTip with the words First Lady
Hillary Clinton.
15. SAVE the file as Research on First Ladies 21 in the lesson folder on your flash drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Removing a Hyperlink and ScreenTip

Once you remove a hyperlink, it will no longer be linked to a document or external web location.
You remove hyperlinks the same way for text and images. After you delete a ScreenTip, it is no
longer displayed in the hyperlink; however, the link remains active. In this exercise, you learn to
remove a hyperlink and ScreenTip.

STEP BY STEP Remove a Hyperlink and ScreenTip

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. Select the image of Hillary Clinton.
2. Use the shortcut method, Ctrl+K, to access the Edit Hyperlink dialog box.
3. Click Remove Link to remove the hyperlink.
4. Hover over the image and notice that the ScreenTip no longer appears and the
hyperlink has been removed.
5. Select the image of Nancy Reagan, and on the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the
Hyperlink button. The Edit Hyperlink dialog box appears.
6. Click the ScreenTip button and then select and delete First Lady Nancy Reagan.
7. Click OK twice.
8. Hover over the image and you will notice that although the revised ScreenTip no longer
appears, the image is still linked to an external site.
192 Lesson 9

9. Use the right mouse button to open the shortcut menu and remove the links on the two
text hyperlinks and on the image.
10. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 22 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

Adding an Email as a Hyperlink

You can use an email address link to provide contact information, elicit feedback, or request infor-
mation. In this exercise, you learn to add an email address as a hyperlink.

STEP BY STEP Add an Email as a Hyperlink

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. On page 2 of the document, select Victoria DeLeon.
Take Note You can apply email links to text or images.

2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the Hyperlink button. The Insert Hyperlink
dialog box appears.
3. In the Link to section, click E-mail Address. The dialog box changes to support the
different type of link.
4. In the E-mail address text box, type [email protected]. The text mailto:
automatically appears when you begin typing the email address.
5. In the Subject text box, type Research Paper on First Ladies (see Figure 9-19).

Figure 9-19
Insert Hyperlink dialog
box with Email fields

6. Click the ScreenTip button to open the Set Hyperlink ScreenTip dialog box.
7. In the ScreenTip text box, type Manager and click OK.
8. Click OK again, to close the Insert Hyperlink dialog box.
9. Test your email link by pressing the Ctrl key and clicking the left mouse button on
the text. The mailto link opens the Outlook messaging box with the email address
and subject line already inserted. If Outlook is not set up on your computer, you are
prompted to select an email application.
 Formatting a Research Paper 193

10. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 23 in your lesson folder on your flash
drive.

PAUSE. LEAVE the document open to use in the next exercise.

CREATING BOOKMARKS
A bookmark is a reference point, a location, or a selection of text that you name and identify for
future reference. For example, you might want to revisit a specific page in a document, to locate
text there. You can create a bookmark, and then use the Bookmark dialog box to get there quickly,
using the name of the bookmark you created.

Creating a Bookmark
For your research paper, you will be sharing your work online. Inserting bookmarks into your
document will make it easier for your readers to navigate through the paper. In this exercise, you
learn to add a bookmark in a document. Bookmark names can contain numbers, but they must
begin with a letter. Spaces are not valid when naming a bookmark; therefore, separate text with an
underscore or keep text together with no spaces, as in Trade_Secrets or TradeSecrets.

STEP BY STEP Create a Bookmark

GET READY. USE the document open from the previous exercise.
1. Select the Introduction text.
2. On the Insert tab, in the Links group, click the Bookmark button. The Bookmark dialog
box appears (see Figure 9-20). Bookmark names can contain up to 40 characters, with
spaces not allowed.

Figure 9-20
Bookmark dialog box
194 Lesson 9

3. In the Bookmark name text box, type Introduction.

4. Click the Add button.
5. Create a bookmark for each of the remaining headings in the document. Remember to
use underscores in place of spaces.
6. Now that you have finished creating the locations for the bookmark, it’s time to test it.
Use the Go To command to go directly to the bookmark.
7. To test the bookmarks, on the Home tab, in the Editing group, click the Find drop-down
arrow and select Go To. The Find and Replace dialog box appears, with the Go To tab
selected.
8. In the Go to what section, select Bookmark. The bookmarks you created appear in the
Enter bookmark name drop-down list.
9. Select Introduction and then click the Go To button. Word automatically jumps to the
Introduction bookmark in the document.
10. Test all of the remaining bookmarks and then click Close to close the Find and Replace
dialog box.
11. Press Ctrl+End to move to the end of the document.
12. Press Enter to create a blank line.
13. Type Back to Top and right-align the text.
14. You will create one more link to move to the beginning of the document.
15. Select Back to Top and then press Ctrl+K to open the Insert Hyperlink dialog box.
16. In the Link to section, select Place in This Document.
17. In the Select a place in this document list, click Top of the Document and then click OK.
18. Press Ctrl+Click to test the Back to Top link. It jumps to the beginning of the document.
This document is ready to be shared online with others.
19. SAVE the document as Research on First Ladies 24 in the lesson folder on your flash
drive then CLOSE the file.

CLOSE Word.

Troubleshooting If your bookmark does not run properly, delete the bookmark, select the text, enter the same
name, and then click Add.
 Formatting a Research Paper 195

Knowledge Assessment Projects

Multiple Choice
Select the best response for the following statements.
1. Which menu enables you to add content to the table of contents?
a. Update Table
b. Add Text
c. Add Bookmark
d. None of the above
2. By default, a footnote is placed in which of the following locations?
a. At the beginning of the document
b. At the end of the document
c. At the end of the page
d. Below text
3. Hyperlinks can be linked to which of the following locations?
a. From one page to another page
b. To a website
c. To an email
d. All of the above
4. Reference points in a document are created using which of the following commands?
a. Bookmark
b. Hyperlink
c. Email
d. All of the above
5. Endnotes can be converted to which of the following?
a. Table of contents
b. Footnotes
c. Hyperlinks
d. They cannot be converted

True/False
Circle T if the statement is true or F if the statement is false.

T F 1. Only text formatted with a heading style can be included in a table of contents.
T F 2. Hyperlinks can be applied to text or graphics.
T F 3. When you create an email link, your mail application will automatically open.
T F 4. A bookmark is a reference point in a document.
T F 5. An endnote is a citation that is placed at the end of the document.
196 Lesson 9

Projects

Project 9-1: Inserting Hyperlinks and Email Addresses

You will be updating the Family Vacation flyer created in an earlier lesson. Since this flyer will be
shared by email, you want to insert hyperlinks and Margie’s email address.

GET READY. LAUNCH Word if it is not already running.

1. OPEN the Family Vacation document from the lesson folder.
2. SAVE the document as 9-1 Vacation Flyer Update in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.
3. Select the text Margie’s Travel Agency. On the Insert tab in the Links group, select
Hyperlink.
4. Select Existing File or Web Page, and in the Address box, type http://www.
margiestravel.com. Click OK.
5. Place the insertion point at the end of the body paragraph and then press Enter.
6. Type Contact: Margie and then align right.
7. Select Margie and, on the Insert tab, in the Links group, click Hyperlink, and then select
E-mail address.
8. For the E-mail address, type [email protected].
9. In the Subject text box, type More information on Travel Plans.
10. Click OK.
11. SAVE the document in the lesson folder on your flash drive then CLOSE the file.

LEAVE Word open for the next project.

Project 9-2: Inserting Captions

You will be updating one of the marketing flyers that you created. This flyer will be posted in the
newspaper, school papers, and real estate brochures. A caption is needed.

GET READY. LAUNCH Word if it is not already running.

1. OPEN the Marketing Flyer document from the lesson folder.
2. SAVE the document as 9-2 Marketing Flyer Update in the lesson folder on your flash
drive.
3. On the Design tab, in the Page Background group, click Page Borders. The Borders and
Shading dialog box appears.
4. Apply a shadow page border, selecting the ninth option from the Style list and the
color Green, Accent 6, Darker 50%. Click OK.
5. Click Page Color and select Green, Accent 6, Lighter 80%.
6. Select the SmartArt graphic and, on the References tab, in the Captions group, click
Insert Caption.
7. Create a figure caption below the graphic with the following text: Tech Terrace Real
Estate helped the Loston’s purchase their new home.
8. SAVE the document in the lesson folder on your flash drive then CLOSE the file.

CLOSE Word.