Journal of International Dental and Medical Research ISSN 1309-100X Effect of Zinc Saliva on Nutritional Status

http://www.ektodermaldisplazi.com/journal.htm Ristya Widi Endah Yani and et al

THE EFFECT OF ZINC SALIVA ON THE TODDLERS’ NUTRITIONAL STATUS

Ristya Widi Endah Yani1*, Anwar Mallongi2, Sri Andarini3, Dwi Prijatmoko1, Ida Ratna Dewanti1
1. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Indonesia.
2. Faculty of Public Health Sciences, Hassanudin University, Indonesia.
3. Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University, Indonesia.

Abstract

This study aimed to know the correlation between zinc saliva and the toddlers’ nutritional status
(W/A). The writer utilized observational analytic and utilized 102 toddlers (3-5 years old) in Ambulu
subdistrict, Jember, for the sample as the method of this study. The toddlers’ nutritional status was
measured by W/A index, furthermore, the unstimulated saliva was collected and analyzed by
utilizing AAS method in order to estimate the concentration of zinc saliva. The result of this study
showed that there was the correlation between zinc saliva and toddlers’ weight by utilizing
Spearman correlation (P=0.000, α=0.05). In conclusion, zinc saliva related with the toddlers’ weight.
This correlation is associated with the fact that zinc saliva is not only as the regulator of appetite but
also it can stimulate the production of leptin that is considered as the protein of weight regulator.
Zinc of saliva influenced the sense of taste on the tongue that could increase more the function of
taste. Hence, it could increase the toddlers’ appetite and cause the increasing of toddlers’ weight.
Clinical article (J Int Dent Med Res 2016; 9: (1), pp. 29-32)

Keywords: Zinc Saliva, W/A Index, AAS.

Received date: 11 February 2016 Accept date: 07 March 2016

Introduction of health and disease status. The saliva test

provides more advantages than blood test. The
Nutrition is one of important aspects of advantages are the blood sampling can be taken
human’s growth and development. The nutrition easily and it can be done by all of the people
has a role of the metabolic activity of various (non-medical people), some samples can be
organ1. Besides, the nutrition also has an collected, hence, it can give more information
important role in determining the individual’s than single blood sample. Most of the studies
growth. The human’s growth and development show the advantages of the use of saliva to
are considered appropriate if it is indicated by the detect the physiologic or pathologic condition
adequacy of nutritional intake. In contrast, if the because the parameter of saliva relates with the
nutritional intake is inadequacy, it can make the parameter of serum1.
human’s growth slower2. Kadoum et al., reported that there was a
Saliva is used to diagnose disease and to systematically correlation between zinc saliva
control the health status and disease. Moreover, and BMI in their study. Zinc saliva had a role in
saliva has the hundreds of components that help the metabolism process and if it occurred
to detect systemic disease and to give biomarker inadequacy, it could cause the loss of appetite,
hence, the human’s growth was slower3.
The deficiency of zinc influences almost
*Corresponding author:
Dr.Ristya Widi Endah Yani
two billions of human in developed country4.
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Jember, Indonesia Hence, almost two billions of human in the world
Kalimantan Street 37, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember, undergo the deficiency of zinc. The deficiency of
East Java, Indonesia.
zinc can cause the loss of weight, the loss of
Phone: (+62)(0331)(333536) appetite, the long process of wound curing, the
Fax : (+62)(0331)(331991) abnormality of sense of taste, and the cognitive
E-mail: [email protected]
disorder, anorexia, retardation of growth5,6.

Volume ∙ 9 ∙ Number ∙ 1 ∙ 2016 Page 29

 Journal of International Dental and Medical Research ISSN 1309-100X Effect of Zinc Saliva on Nutritional Status
http://www.ektodermaldisplazi.com/journal.htm Ristya Widi Endah Yani and et al

The role of zinc of saliva in affecting the Results

nutritional status is still unclear, hence, the
researchers want to analyze the correlation The number of samples of this study was
between zinc saliva and the toddlers’ nutritional 102. Besides, the variable of zinc saliva had
status (by using W/A index). minimum value in 0.005, maximum value in
1.985, the average value in 0.410, Std. deviation
Method of the Study in 0.386, and the variance in 0.149. Whereas, the
variable of the nutritional status (W/A) had
This study was done in Ambulu subdistrict, minimum value in -1.98, maximum value in 1.19,
Jember, East Java-Indonesia, by involving 102 the average value in -1.029, Std. deviation in
toddlers (3-5 years old) as the sample. The 0.847 and the variance in 0.717 (Table 1).
toddlers and their parents were invited to
participate this study after obtaining the
explanation of the purpose of this study.
The assessment of nutritional status was
measured by utilizing W/A index in utilizing
weight scales that had been calibrated and the Table 1. The Descriptive Result of Zinc Saliva
information of birth date that was taken from the and the Nutritional Status (W/A)
school. Afterwards, the result was noted in
assessment sheet. Furthermore, the procedure Data were tested statistically by utilizing
of the analysis of zinc of saliva as follows: Spearman correlation test in order to know the
correlation between zinc saliva and the toddlers’
1. The respondents were not allowed nutritional status. The result of the analysis
to eat or drink anything for 1 hour before taking showed that P=0.000 (α=0.05). It meant that
over the saliva. there was correlation between zinc saliva and the
2. The respondents were asked to toddlers’ weight (Table 2).
gargle before taking over the saliva in order to
abolish the leftover in the mouth.
3. The collecting of toddlers’ saliva
was done by allowing the toddlers to sit
comfortably in upright position with the opened Table 2. The Spearman Correlation Test
eyes, and their head were slanted front a bit. between Zinc Saliva and the Nutritional Status
4. Five ml of saliva were taken (W/A)
unstimulatedly, start at 08.30 until 10.00, and
collected in a bottle, which had been wiped with Discussion
alcoholic disinfection tissue and had been closed
soon. Afterwards, it was sealed by parafilm and The substance of element in blood had
labeled by each code. been detected in saliva10. The analysis of
5. Saliva that have been coded were Pearson correlation in Rahmana et al. study
sent to the RSPTI Unair laboratory, Surabaya- showed that there was the strong correlation
Indonesia by utilizing ice box7,8,9. between the concentration of zinc in serum and
6. The measurement of zinc in saliva. The significant positive correlation
concentration by using AAS (Atomic Absorption between the concentration of zinc in serum and
Spectrophotometer) methods ( AA 6200 model). in saliva showed that saliva could be used with
7. The result was noted by the similar success in order to determine the
assessment sheet. change of the concentration of zinc element11.
The other research was found that saliva
had hundreds of components that could help to
The Pearson correlation test was used to detect the systemic disease and to provide the
know that there was the correlation between the biomarker of health and disease status1. The
concentration of zinc saliva and the toddlers’ saliva itself had become one of the most
nutritional status (W/A) with α=0.05. important and the most effective thing to analyze

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 Journal of International Dental and Medical Research ISSN 1309-100X Effect of Zinc Saliva on Nutritional Status
http://www.ektodermaldisplazi.com/journal.htm Ristya Widi Endah Yani and et al

zinc status in human. Therefore, it could help to Conclusion

facilitate the identification from the abnormality,
including toxic or deficiency of the element12. 1. Zinc saliva related with the
Moreover, zinc was one of the trace element, toddlers’ weight
including micronutrient that influenced the 2. The correlation between zinc
human’s nutrition5. salivaand the weight can be associated with the
This study showed that there was a fact that zinc salivais not only as the regulator of
correlation between zinc saliva and the toddlers’ appetite but also it can stimulate the production
weight. Furthermore, it can be related with the of leptin that is considered as the protein of
fact that zinc saliva is not only as the regulator of weight regulator.
appetite but also it can stimulate the production 3. For the next research is needed to
of leptin that is considered as the protein of evaluate the level of zinc salivaat the larger
weight regulator13. The level of zinc salivarelated community and the correlation with the different
with the function of taste buds because zinc in index from the nutritional status.
saliva was needed to synthesize the gustin that
was needed in forming and maintenance the Declaration of Interest
taste bud. Zinc saliva could influence the sense
of taste on the tongue that influenced gustin in The authors report no conflict of interest
mucosa of the tongue, which could increase and the article is not funded or supported by any
more the function of taste. Hence, it could research grant.
increase the toddlers’ appetite and weight14. The
zinc was needed for enzymatic gustin function List of Abbreviations
(carbonic anhydrase VI) that was in the gland of
pharotic saliva. The reducing of the numbers of W/A : Weight/Age
gustin in saliva related with the decrease or AAS : Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer
BMI : Body Mass Index
sense of taste and smells disorder, hence, it RSPTI : Rumah Sakit Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi (Hospital
occurred the reducing of taste perception. This of Tropic Diseases and Infection)
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http://www.ektodermaldisplazi.com/journal.htm Ristya Widi Endah Yani and et al

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