Example # 01:

Consider following frequency distribution:

Class Frequency
18 10
19 20
20 30
21 20
22 10

1. Find out Mean, Median, and Mode?

2. Find out Variance and standard deviation?

Solution:
For Median:

To find out median we always find median group first.

How to find median group?

To find out median group calculate (∑f/2) and then find this value in (C.f) column where it lies that class
would be our required median group.

Note: ∑f/2 = 45 lies in 3rd class (those values which lie in between 31 to 60 lies in 3rd class)

Frequency Cumulative frequency

Class
(f) (C.f)
18 10 10
19 20 30
20 30 60  Median group
21 20 80
22 10 90
Total (∑) ∑f = 90

Calculation of Median:

Above frequency distribution is simple frequency distribution where we don’t have class intervals so, to
find out median simply picked class value of median group i.e., 20.

Median = 20
For Mode:

To find out mode we always find mode group first.

How to find mode group?

To find out mode group find maximum frequency, where it lies that class would be our required mode
group.

Note: if 2 or more classes have a same maximum frequency then there would be 2 or more mode groups which
mean 2 or more mode lies in data subsequently.

Frequency
Class
(f)
18 10
19 20
20 30  Mode group
21 20
22 10

Calculation of Mode:

Above frequency distribution is a simple frequency distribution where we don’t have class intervals so,
to find out mode simply picked class value of mode group i.e., 20.

Mode = 20
For Mean variance and standard deviation:

𝒇𝒙
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 =
𝒇
𝟐
𝟐
𝒇𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒙
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝝈 = −
𝒇 𝒇

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝝈𝟐

Class Frequency
fx fx2
(x) (f)
18 10 180 3240
19 20 380 7220
20 30 600 12000
21 20 420 8820
22 10 220 4840
2
Total (∑) ∑f = 90 ∑fx = 1800 ∑fx = 36120

𝒇𝒙 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 = = = 𝟐𝟎
𝒇 𝟗𝟎
𝟐
𝒇𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒙
𝝈𝟐 = −
𝒇 𝒇

𝟐
𝟑𝟔𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎
𝝈𝟐 = − = 𝟒𝟎𝟏. 𝟑𝟑 − 𝟐𝟎 𝟐
= 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝟗𝟎 𝟗𝟎

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟑

𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 = 𝟐𝟎, 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝈 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝟑

Example # 02:

Consider following frequency distribution:

Class Interval frequency

1---5 5
6---10 10
11---15 15
16---20 12
21---25 8

1. Find out Mean, Median, and Mode?

2. Find out Variance and standard deviation?

For Median:

To find out median we always find median group first.

How to find median group?

To find out median group calculate (∑f/2) and then find this value in (C.f) column where it lies that class
would be our required median group.

Note: ∑f/2 = 25 lies in 3rd class (those values which lie in between 16 to 30 lies in 3rd class)

Class Interval Frequency Cumulative frequency Class Boundary

(C-I) (f) (C.f) (C-B)
1---5 5 5 0.5---5.5
6---10 10 15C 5.5---10.5
11---15 15f 30 10.5---15.5  Median group
16---20 12 42 15.5---20.5
21---25 8 50 20.5---25.5
Total (∑) ∑f = 50

Calculation of Median:

Above frequency distribution is grouped frequency distribution where we have class intervals so, to find
out median use formula to calculate median.

Formula:
 𝒇 𝒉
𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 = 𝒍. 𝒃 + − 𝑪 ×
𝟐 𝒇

Where;

𝑙. 𝑏 → 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝑕 → 𝑕𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 (𝑢. 𝑏 − 𝑙. 𝑏).

𝑓 → 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝐶 → 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝐶. 𝑓 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝒍. 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝒖. 𝒃 − 𝒍. 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟓

𝒇
𝒇 = 𝟏𝟓 , 𝑪 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓
𝟐

𝒇 𝒉
𝑴𝒆𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒏 = 𝒍. 𝒃 + − 𝑪 ×
𝟐 𝒇

5
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 10.5 + 25 − 15 ×
15

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 10.5 + 3.33 = 13.83

Median = 13.83
For Mode:

To find out mode we always find mode group first.

How to find mode group?

To find out mode group find maximum frequency, where it lies that class would be our required mode
group.

Note: if 2 or more classes have a same maximum frequency then there would be 2 or more mode groups which
mean 2 or more mode lies in data subsequently.

Class Interval Frequency Class Boundary

(C-I) (f) (C-B)
1---5 5 0.5---5.5
6---10 10f1 5.5---10.5
11---15 15fm 10.5---15.5  Mode group
16---20 12f2 15.5---20.5
21---25 8 20.5---25.5

Calculation of Mode:

Above frequency distribution is a grouped frequency distribution where we have class intervals so, to
find out mode use formula to calculate mode.

Formula:

𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏
𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆 = 𝒍. 𝒃 + ×𝒉
𝟐𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐

Where;

𝑙. 𝑏 → 𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝑕 → 𝑕𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑕𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝 (𝑢. 𝑏 − 𝑙. 𝑏).

𝑓𝑚 → 𝑚𝑎𝑥. 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝑓1 → 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝑓2 → 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑝.

𝒍. 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓, 𝒉 = 𝒖. 𝒃 − 𝒍. 𝒃 = 𝟏𝟓. 𝟓 − 𝟏𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟓

𝒇𝒎 = 𝟏𝟓 , 𝒇𝟏 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐
 𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏
𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒆 = 𝒍. 𝒃 + ×𝒉
𝟐𝒇𝒎 − 𝒇𝟏 − 𝒇𝟐

15 − 10
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 10.5 + ×5
2(15) − 10 − 12

5
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 10.5 + ×5
8

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛 = 10.5 + 3.125 = 13.625

Mode = 13.625
For Mean variance and standard deviation:

𝒇𝒙
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 =
𝒇
𝟐
𝟐
𝒇𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒙
𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝝈 = −
𝒇 𝒇

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝝈𝟐

Frequency mid point

Class Interval fx fx2
(f) (x)
1---5 5 3 15 45
6---10 10 8 80 640
11---15 15 13 195 2535
16---20 12 18 216 3888
21---25 8 23 184 4232
2
Total (∑) ∑f = 50 ∑fx = 690 ∑fx = 11340

𝒇𝒙 𝟔𝟗𝟎
𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 = = = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖
𝒇 𝟓𝟎
𝟐
𝒇𝒙𝟐 𝒇𝒙
𝝈𝟐 = −
𝒇 𝒇

𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟎 𝟔𝟗𝟎
𝝈𝟐 = − = 𝟐𝟐𝟔. 𝟖 − 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖 𝟐
= 𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟔
𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟎

𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 = 𝝈 = 𝒗𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟑

𝑴𝒆𝒂𝒏 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟖, 𝝈𝟐 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟑𝟔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝝈 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟑