TUTORIALSDUNIYA.

COM

Hospital Management
System

Software Engineering Project

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, M.Sc, B.Tech at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

If you find any error or mistake in this Software Engineering

project then report at [email protected]

Please Share these SE Projects with your Friends

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT REPORT

B.Sc(H) Computer Science

Submitted by-:

Aashish Ankur Tyagi Deepanshu Khatri Himanshu Baldodia Keshav Singh

16035500000 16035500000 16035500000 16035500000 16035500000

Department of Computer
Science Keshav Mahavidyalaya
University of Delhi

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Apart from the efforts of team, the success of any project depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express
our gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful
completion of this project.
The completion of any inter-disciplinary project depends upon cooperation, co-
ordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge.
We are eternally grateful to our Dr. Sumit Agarwal for his even willingness to
give us valuable advice and direction under whom we executed this project. His
constant guidance and willingness to share his vast knowledge made us
understand this project and its manifestations in great depths and helped us to
complete the assigned tasks.
We are highly thankful to our project internal guide Mrs. Disha, and Mr. Anand
whose invaluable guidance helped us understands the project better.
Although there may be many who remain unacknowledged in this humble note of
gratitude, there are none who remain unappreciated.

Aashish (16035500000)

Ankur Tyagi (16035500000)

Deepanshu Khatri (16035500000)

Himanshu Baldodia (16035500000)

Keshav Singh (16035500000)

2
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Software Engineering project report entitled

"Hospital Management System" is the work carried out by Aashish,
Ankur Tyagi, Deepanshu Khatri, Himanshu Kumar and Keshav
Singh, students of BSc(H) Computer Science IV Sem, Keshav
Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi under the supervision of
Dr.Sumit Agarwal, Mr.Anand, Mrs.Disha.
This report has not been submitted to any other
organisation/institution for the award any other degree/diploma.

Supervisor Teacher in charge Principal

Dr.Sumit Agarwal Ms.Vinita Jindal Dr.Madhu Pruthi

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

 ABSTRACT

Our project Hospital Management system includes registration of patients, storing

their details into the system, and also booking their appointments with doctors .
Our software has the facility to give a unique id for every patient and stores the
details of every patient and the staff automatically. User can search availability of
a doctor and the details of a patient using the id. The Hospital Management
System can be entered using a username and password. It is accessible either by an
administrator or receptionist. Only they can add data into the database. The data
can be retrieved easily. The interface is very user-friendly. The data are well
protected for personal use and makes the data processing very fast.

It is having mainly two modules. One is at Administration Level and other one is
of user I.e. of patients and doctors. The Application maintains authentication in
order to access the application. Administrator task includes managing doctor’s
information, patient’s information. To achieve this aim a database was designed
one for the patient and other for the doctors which the admin can access. The
complaints which are given by user will be referred by authorities.

The user modules include checking appointments, prescription. user can also
register complaint against management or ask any query.
LIST OF IMAGES USED IN THE PROJECT

NAME PAGE NO

1. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 05

2. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 23

3. LOGIN PAGE 25

4. REGISTRATION 26

5. PATIENT 27

6. DOCTOR VIEW APPOINTMENT 30

7. DOCTOR VIEW PATIENT 31

8. DOCTOR ADD DESCRIPTION 32

LIST OF TABLES USED IN THE PROJECT

NAME PAGE NO

1.DATA DICTIONARY 6

1.SIZE ESTIMATION 13

2.GANTT CHART 21

3.RISK ANALYSIS 24
 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Table of Content
1. CHAPTER 1 SRS (Software Requirement
Specification)
1.1Introduction…………………………………… 1
1.1.1Purpose……………………………………… 1
1.1.2 DocumentConventions…………………… 2
1.1.3 Intended Audience & Reading Suggestions… 2
1.1.4Project Scope…………………………… 2
1.2 Overall Description………….…… 2
1.2.1 Product Perspective………………… 2
1.2.2 Product Features……………………………… 2
1.2.3 User Classes & Characteristics……… 3
1.2.4 Operating Environment…………………… 3
1.2.5 Design & Implementation Constraints……… 4
1.2.6 User Documentation………………………… 4
1.2.7 Assumption & Dependencies………… 4
1.3DFD……………………………………… 5

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

 1.4DD…………………………………………… 6
1.5System Features…………………………………… 6
1.6 External Interface Requirements.........................................9

1.6.1 User Interface...................................................................9

1.6.2 Hardware Interface………………………………… 9

1.6.3 Software Interface………………………………. 9
1.6.4 Communications Interface……………………….…. 10
1.7 Other Non-functional Requirements….…………………. 10
1.7.1 Performance Requirements………………………………… 10
1.7.2 Safety Requirements….………………………………… 10
1.7.3 Software Quality Attributes.......................................................10

1.7.4 Security Requirements...............................................................11

CHAPTER 2 Estimation And Scheduling 12

2.1Size Estimation…………………………………… 12
2.2Cost Estimation………………………………… 16
2.3.Gantt Chart………………………………..……… 20

CHAPTER 3 Architectural Design………………… 23

CHAPTER 4 Risk Analysis..............................................24

CHAPTER 5 Implementation 25

5.1MODULE SCREENS…………………… 25

5.2Java File Code……………………………… 33

CHAPTER 6 Testing

6.1 Black Box Testing………….……….........…… 39

6.2 White Box Testing……………..…………........... 46

CHAPTER 7 User Manual 48

7.1Introduction…………………………………………..... 48
7.2Getting Started………………………………………......... 48
7.3Troubleshooting………………………………………..... 48
8. Conclusion & References…………………………….…….. 49
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

CHAPTER-1

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATIONS

Introduction-:
Purpose

This software will help the company to be more efficient in registration of their patients and
manage appointments, records of patients. It enables doctors and admin to view and modify
appointments schedules if required. The purpose of this project is to computerize all details
regarding patient details and hospital details.

Document Conventions

This document features some terminology which readers may be unfamiliar with

SRS: Software Requirement Specification

Front End: This stands for the JSP pages that a user will see when (s) he will access the
application through the web.

Vehicle: Transport entity used for transportation of

passengers. Operator: A user which is hired for data entry of

this system. Entry : A data unit stored to the database.

DESC : Description

RAT : Rational

DEP : Dependency

Sign up: Creating New User

Log in : Logging in Existing User

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

The intended readers of this document are current and future developers working
on “HOTEL MANAGEMENT PROJECT” and the sponsors of the project.

Product Scope

The system will be used as the application that serves hospitals, clinic, dispensaries or other health
institutions. The intentions of the system is to increase the number of patients that can be treated
and managed properly.

If the hospital management system is file based, management of the hospital has to put much effort
on securing the files. They can be easily damaged by fire, insects and natural disasters. Also could
be misplaced by losing data and information.

Product Perspective

This Hospital Patient Info Management System is a self-contained system that manages activities
of the hospital.

Due to improperly managed details medical center faces quite a lot of difficulties in accessing past
data as well as managing present data. The fully functional automated hospital management
system which will be developed through this project will eliminate the disadvantages caused by the
manual system by improving the reliability, efficiency and performance. The usage of a database
to store patient, employee, stock details etc. will accommodate easy access, retrieval, search and
manipulation of data. The access limitations provided through access privilege levels will enhance
the security of the system. The system will facilitate concurrent access and convenient
management of activities of the medical center.

Product Functions performed:

 Provide access to registered users only

 Registration of new patients
 Enable patient to view their record
 Enable patient to update their record
 Generate appointment date and timing
 Confirmation by doctor
 Modification in schedule by doctor
 Admin access to patient’s record
 Admin access to doctor’s record
 USER CLASSES AND CHARACTERISTICS

Admin
Admin has the full access to the system which means he is able to manage any activity with regard
to the system. He is the highest privileged user who can access to the system.

Key functions:
•Access and modify patient record
•Add new doctor entry in system database

Patient
Patients can choose the best preferred appointments from the options provided and can also
change the appointment schedule or cancel it. Patients have access to only their records.

Key functions:
 Fix appointment
 Update schedule
 Cancel appointment

Doctor
Doctors can view the patient appointment list and provide the confirmation or make changes in the
appointment list if required. Doctors have access to only records of those patients whom they are
treating.

Key functions:
 Confirmation of appointment
 Modification of appointment list

Operating Environment

Software requirements
 Windows 7 or above operating system

 JRE 1.8

 MySQL server
Hardware Requirements
 Core i5 processor

 2GB Ram

 20GB of hard disk space in terminal machines

 1TB hard disk space in Server Machine

Design and Implementation Constraints

 System is wirelessly networked with an encryption

 System is only accessible within the hospital’s website only.

 Database is password protected.

 Should use less RAM and processing power.

 Each user should have individual ID and password.

 Only administrator can access the whole system.

User Documentation
As a part of the system itself a user documentation is provided to the customers which gives an
overview of the system. It will include the full description about the product and complete
orderly followed steps to install the software. The users will get the opportunity to use the system
without having any trouble. The user manual will include the email addresses to contact us in
need. Tasks are listed alphabetically or logically grouped often using cross referenced indexes
which helps the users to know exactly what sort of information they are looking for.

Assumptions and Dependencies

 Each user must have a valid user id and password

 Server must be running for the system to function

 Users must log in to the system to access any record.

 Only the Administrator can delete records.

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

Data flow diagrams (also called data flow graphs) are commonly used during problem analysis.
Data flow diagrams (DFDs) are quite general and are not limited to problem analysis for software
requirements specification. They were in use long before the software engineering discipline began.
DFDs are very useful in understanding a system and can be effectively used during analysis. A
DFD shows the flow of data through a system. It views a system as a function that transforms the
inputs into desired outputs. Any complex system will not perform this transformation in a "single
step," and a data will typically undergo a series of transformations before it becomes the output.
The DFD aims to capture the transformations that take place within a system to the input data so
that eventually the output data is produced. The agent that performs the transformation of data from
one state to another is called a process (or a bubble). So, a DFD shows the movement of data
through the different transformations or processes in the system. The processes are shown by
named circles and data flows are represented by named arrows entering or leaving the bubbles. A
rectangle represents a source or sink and is a net originator or consumer of data. It should be
pointed out that a DFD is not a flowchart. A DFD represents the flow of data, while a flowchart
shows the flow of control. A DFD does not represent procedural information.

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Data Dictionary
 Data dictionary is a collection of data that are used as a part of the system.
 It is a record of data about data.
Table name- Patient
Primary Key- UID

Patient table
Fields Data type Size Constraints Description
UID int 2 primary key this is patient Id
name varchar 20 - Name of patient
mobile varchar 10 - mobile no of
patient
sex varchar 1 - sex of patient
email varchar 20 - email of patient
disease varchar 20 - disease from
which he/she is
suffering

Table name- Doctor

Doctor Table
Fields Data type Size Contraints Description
DId int 2 primary key it is doctor id
Name varchar 20 - name of doctor
mobile varchar 10 - mobile no of
doctor
speciality varchar 10 - speciality of
doctor

This table keeps record of each doctor of hospital.

6
 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

System Features

PATIENT

REGISTRATION

DESCRIPTION- The new patient can register themselves and add their details like name, age
sex etc. The patient entry will be made in the patient database.

PRE -CONDITION – The patient must be a new patient.

MAIN FLOW OF EVENTS- 1. Patient selects sign up in login module.

2. A registration form get
displayed 3.Patient fills the
required details.

EXTENTSIONS- if necessary fields left by user then prompt user to fill the necessary

fields. POST CONDITIONS- Patient record is added to patient database.

UPDATION

DESCRIPTION-The patient should be enabled to update his/her details and the changes
should reflect in patient database.

PRE-CONDITION – The patient must be a registered

patient. MAIN FLOW OF EVENTS- 1. Patient logs in to the

system.
2.Patient view his record
3.Patient selects update details.
4. Now patient may change the necessary fields.
5. Pop of update details.

EXTENSIONS – The patient cannot update details after treatment starts.

POST CONDITION- The record of patient is updated in patient

database.

APPOINTMENT

DESCRIPTION- It shows users a list of available doctors, timings, dates and enables patients

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

to select the most suitable appointment date and doctor. The patient may also the cancel the
appointment if already available.

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

PRE-CONDITION- The patient must be a registered patient.

MAIN FLOW OF EVENTS – 1.patient first logs in to system.

2.View his record
3.create a new appointment or cancel the appointment.
EXTENSIONS-Patient can fix only one appointment for a particular department.

POST CONDITIONS- patient details are displayed and a new appointment is fix or a
existing appointment is cancelled. The patient database is updated

DOCTOR

DESCRIPTION- The doctor view patient record/ update his details and add description of
the treatment given to patient.

PRE-CONDITION – The doctor must be a registered doctor.

MAIN FLOW OF EVENTS – 1.Doctor logs in to the

system.
2. Doctor may select view patient.
2.1 patient record is displayed with treatment history.

3 Doctor add description of patient

treatment. 4.Doctor update his/her details.

EXTENSIONS- System does not allow the doctor to modify the qualification, hospital
managed details.

POST CONDITION – The patient and doctor ‘s database are updated.

ADMIN

DESCRIPTION- The admin add doctor, view patient record and

appointments PRE -CONDITION- Admin must first log in with his/her

credentials.

MAIN FLOW OF EVENTS- 1. Admin logs in the system.

2.admin may add doctor new doctor.
2.1 admin fills the doctor’s
details 3.admin view patient record.

8
 3.1 admin enters the patient id in the system.
3.2 patient details are displayed.
4. admin view appointments for the current date.
4.1 appointments for current date are displayed.

POST CONDITION- The doctor and admin database are updated.

9
External Interface Requirements
User Interfaces

This section provides a detailed description of all inputs into and outputs from the system. It also
gives a description of the hardware, software and communication interfaces and provides basic
prototypes of the user interface.
The protocol used shall be
HTTP. The Port number used
will be 80.

There shall be logical address of the system in IPv4 format.

Hardware Interfaces

Laptop/Desktop PC
Purpose of this is to give information when Patients ask information about doctors, medicine
available lab tests etc. To perform such Action it need very efficient computer otherwise due to that
reason patients have to wait for a long time to get what they ask for.

Laser Printer (B/W)

Simply this device is for printing patients info etc.

Wi-Fi router
Wi-Fi router is used to for internetwork operations inside of
a hospital and simply data transmission from pc’s to sever.

Software Interfaces

 JDK 1.8 - Java is fast, secure, and reliable. From laptops to data centers, game consoles
to scientific supercomputers, cell phones to the Internet,
 Netbeans 8.1 - IDE for Java developing.
 MySQL server - Database connectivity and management
 OS Windows 7/8/8.1- Very user friendly and common OS
 JRE 1.8 - JAVA Runtime Environment for run Java Application and System
 MySQL server - Database connectivity

10
Communications Interfaces

 NIC (Network Interface Card) – It is a computer hardware component that allows

a computer to connect to a network . NICs may be used for both wired and
wireless connections.
 CAT 5 network cable- for high signal integrity
 TCP/IP protocol- Internet service provider to access and share information over the Internet
 Ethernet Communications Interface- Ethernet is a frame-based computer network
technology for local area networks (LANs)
 Ubiquitous, easy to set up and easy to use. Low cost and high data transmission rates

Other Nonfunctional Requirements

Performance Requirements

Response time-The system will give responses within 1 second after checking the
patient information and other information.

Capacity-The system must support 1000 people at a time

User interface- User interface screen will response within 5 seconds

Safety Requirements

If there is extensive damage to a wide portion of the database due to catastrophic failure, such as a
disk crash, the recovery method restores a past copy of the database that was backed upto archival
storage and reconstructs a more current state by reapplying or redoing the operations of
committed transactions from the backed up log, up to the time of failure. All the administrative
and data entry operators have unique logins so system can understand who is login in to system
right now no intruders allowed except system administrative nobody cannot change record and
valuable data.

Software Quality Attributes

AVAILABILITY: The system shall be available all the time.
CORRECTNESS: A bug free software which fulfill the correct need/requirements of the client.

11
MAINTAINABILITY: The ability to maintain ,modify information and update fix problems of
the system
USABILITY: software can be used again and again without distortion.
ACCESSIBILITY: Administrator and many other users can access the system but the access level
is controlled for each user according to their work scope.
ACCURACY: The reliability on the information/output. Can depend/be sure of the
outcome. STABILITY:The system outcome/output won’t change time to time. Same output
Will be given always for a given input.

Security Requirements

1.Want take the responsibility of failures due to hardware

malfunctioning. 2.Warranty period of maintaining the software would be
one year.
3.Additional payments will be analysed and charged for further maintenance
4.If any error occur due to a user’s improper use. Warranty will not be allocated to
it. 5.No money back returns for the software.

12
CHAPTER-2

ESTIMATION AND SCHEDULING

SIZE ESTIMATION

Function-Based Metrics
The function point (FP) metric can be used effectively as a means for measuring the functionality
delivered by a system.4 Using historical data, the FP metric can then be used to (1) estimate the
cost or effort required to design, code, and test the software; (2) predict the number of errors that
will be encountered during testing; and (3) forecast the number of components and/or the number
of projected source lines in the implemented system. Function points are derived using an empirical
relationship based on countable (direct) measures of software’s information domain and qualitative
assessments of software complexity. Information domain values are defined in the following
manner:
Number of external inputs (EIs). Each external input originates from a user or is transmitted from
another application and provides distinct application-oriented data or control information. Inputs
are often used to update internal logical files (ILFs). Inputs should be distinguished from
inquiries,which are counted separately.
Number of external outputs (EOs). Each external output is derived data within the application
that provides information to the user. In this context external output refers to reports, screens, error
messages, etc. Individual data items within a report are not counted separately.
Number of external inquiries (EQs). An external inquiry is defined as an online input that
results in the generation of some immediate software response in the form of an online output
(often retrieved from an ILF).
Number of internal logical files (ILFs). Each internal logical file is a logical grouping of data
that resides within the application’s boundary and is maintained via external inputs.
Number of external interface files (EIFs). Each external interface file is a logical grouping of
data that resides external to the application but provides information that may be of use to the
application.
Once these data have been collected, the table in Figure 23.1 is completed and a complexity
value is associated with each count. Organizations that use function point
methods develop criteria for determining whether a particular entry is simple,
average, or complex. Nonetheless, the determination of complexity is somewhat
subjective.
To compute function points (FP), the following relationship is used:

13
 SIZE ESTIMATION FOR THIS PROJECT

EXTERNAL INPUTS
1 LOGIN MODULE

1.1USERNAME DATA ELEMENTS FILE TYPE REFERENCE COMPLEXITY

2 1 SIMPLE
1.2PASSWORD

2. REGISTRATION MODULE

2.1 NAME
2.2 DOB
2.3 SEX DATA ELEMENTS FILE TYPE REFERNCED COMPLEXITY
2.4 EMAIL 7 2 AVG
2.5 BLOOD TYPE
2.6 MOBILE NO
2.7 ADDRESS

14
3.APPOINTMENT

3.1 CATEGORY DATA ELEMENTS FILE TYPE REFERNCED COMPLEXITY

3.2 DATE 3 3 HIGH
3.3 TIME

4.ADD DESCRIPTION

4.1 TREATMENT DATA ELEMENTS FILE TYPE REFERNCED COMPELXITY

4.2 RATE 2 2 LOW

5.ADD DOCTOR

5.1 NAME
5.2 AGE DATA ELEMENTS FILE TYPE REFERENCED COMPLEXITY
5.3 SEX 6 2 AVG
5.4 DOB
5.5 DATE OF JOIN
5.6 QUALIFICATION

TOTAL EXTERNAL INUPUTS = 18

 7 = AVG COMPLEXITY

 3=HIGH COMPLEXITY

 2=LOW COMPLEXITY

 5=AVG COMPLEXITY

15
EXTERNAL OUTPUTS

PATIENT
1.1 MY DETAILS
1.2 VIEW BOOKING

DOCTOR
2.1 APPOINTENT DETAILS
2.2 VIEW PATIENT

ADMIN
3.1 VIEW DOCTOR
3.2 VIEW PATIENT
3.3 VIEW APPOINTMENTS

ALL HAVE SIMPLE

COMPLEXITY TOTAL

EXTERNAL OUTPUTS = 7

LOGICAL INTERNAL FILES

1. PATIENT FILE
2. DOCTOR FILE
3. ADMIN FILE
4. LOGIN FILE

COMPLEXITY IS SIMPLE FOR ALL LOGICAL INTERNAL

FILES TOTAL LOGICAL INTERNAL FILES=3

EXTERNAL INTERFACE FILES =0

EXTERNAL INQUIRIES
PAITENT- CHECK APPOINTMENT DETAILS
ADMIN- APPOINTMENT FOR CURRENT
DATE

COMPLEXITY IS SIMPLE FOR ALL EXTERNAL INQUIRIES

16
TOTAL EXTERNAL INQUIRIES =2

UFP = (7*4+3*6+2*3+5*6) +7*4 +4*7+2*3

UFP=144

Considering all adjustment factors have average influence

CAF =0.65+0.01*14*3
CAF=1.07

FP= 144*1.07
FP=154.08=155

SO FUNCTION POINT COUNT=155

17
 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Cost Estimation
The COCOMO II Model
In his classic book on “software engineering economics,” Barry Boehm [Boe81] introduced a
hierarchy of software estimation models bearing the name COCOMO, for Constructive Cost
Model. The original COCOMO model became one of the most widely used and discussed software
cost estimation models in the industry. It has evolved into a more comprehensive estimation model,
called COCOMOII [Boe00]. Like its predecessor, COCOMO II is actually a hierarchy of
estimation models that address the following areas:
• Application composition model. Used during the early stages of software engineering, when
prototyping of user interfaces, consideration of software and system interaction, assessment
of performance, and evaluation of technology maturity are paramount.
• Early design stage model. Used once requirements have been stabilized and basic
software architecture has been established.
• Post-architecture-stage model. Used during the construction of the software.
Like all estimation models for software, the COCOMO II models require
sizing information. Three different sizing options are available as part of the
model hierarchy: object points, function points, and lines of source code.

The COCOMO II application composition model uses object points and is illustrated in the
following paragraphs. It should be noted that other, more sophisticated estimation models (using FP
and KLOC) are also available as part of COCOMO II.Like function points, the object point is an
indirect software measure that is computed using counts of the number of (1) screens (at the user
interface), (2) reports, and (3) components likely to be required to build the application. Each
object instance (e.g., a screen or report) is classified into one of three complexity levels
(i.e.,simple,medium, or difficult) using criteria suggested by Boehm [Boe96]. In
essence,complexity is a function of the number and source of the client and server data tables that
are required to generate the screen or report and the number of views or sections presented as part
of the screen or report.
Once complexity is determined, the number of screens, reports, and components are weighted
according to the table illustrated in Figure . The object point count is then determined by
multiplying the original number of object instances by the weighting factor in the figure and
summing to obtain a total object point count. When component-based development or general
software reuse is to be applied, the percent of reuse (%reuse) is estimated and the object point
count is adjusted:

18

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

where NOP is defined as new object points.
To derive an estimate of effort based on the computed NOP value, a “productivity rate” must
be derived. Figure B presents the productivity rate

for different levels of developer experience and development environment maturity.Once

the productivity rate has been determined, an estimate of project effort is computed using

In more advanced COCOMO II models,12 a variety of scale factors, cost drivers, and
adjustment procedures are required.

PRODUCTIVITY RATE FOR OBJECT POINT COUNTS

COST ESTIMATION FOR THIS PROJECT

SCREENS

1 LOGIN TYPE
2. LOGIN
3. REGISTRATION
4. MY DETAILS
5. UPDATE DETAILS
6.APPOINTMENT DETAILS
7. BOOK APPIOINTMENT
8. VIEW BOOKINGS
9. CANCEL BOOKING
10.APPOINTMENT FOR DOCTOR
11. VIEW PATIENT

19
13. ADD DESCRIPTION
14. UPDATE DOCTOR DETAILS
15.ADD DOCTOR
16. VIEW PATIENT BY ADMIN
17. VIEW APPOINTMENTS FOR DATE
18. VIEW DOCTOR

TOTAL SCREENS= 18

REPORTS

1. REGISTERED SUCCESSFULLY
2. DETAILS SUCCCESSFULLY UPDATED
3. APPOINTMENT SUCCESSFULLY MADE
4. BOOKING SUCCESSFULLY CANCELLED
5. DOCTOR ENTRY MADE

TOTAL REPORTS=5

3 GL MODULES

1. NETBEANS
TOTAL 3GL MODULES =1

CONSIDERING ALL OF ABOVE HAVE AVERAGE COMPEXITY WE

GET OBJECT POINT= 18*2+5*5+10*1

OP=71

NOP=OBJECT POINT COUNT –(1- %REUSE/100)

NOP=71*(1-0.30)
NOP=49.7

NOW TAKING THE DEVELOPER EXPERIENCE AND SKILLS AS NOMINAL WE

HAVE PRODUCTIVITY=13

EFFORT= NOP/PRODUCTIVITY

EFFORT= 49.7/13
EFFORT=3.8
EFFORT= 4 PERSON/MONTH

20
SCHEDULING

Scheduling of a software project does not differ greatly from scheduling of any
multitask engineering effort. Therefore, generalized project scheduling tools and
techniques
can be applied with little modification for software projects.
Program evaluation and review technique (PERT) and the critical path method (CPM)
are two project scheduling methods that can be applied to software development.
Both techniques are driven by information already developed in earlier project
planning activities: estimates of effort, a decomposition of the product function, the
selection of the appropriate process model and task set, and decomposition of the
tasks that are selected.
Interdependencies among tasks may be defined using a task network. Tasks,
sometimes called the project work breakdown structure (WBS), are defined for
the product as a whole or for individual functions.
Both PERT and CPM provide quantitative tools that allow us to (1) determine the
critical path—the chain of tasks that determines the duration of the project, (2)
establish “most likely” time estimates for individual tasks by applying statistical
models, and
(3) calculate “boundary times” that define a time “window” for a particular task.

Gantt Chart
When creating a software project schedule, you begin with a set of tasks (the
work breakdown structure). If automated tools are used, the work breakdown is
input as
a task network or task outline. Effort, duration, and start date are then input for
each task. In addition, tasks may be assigned to specific individuals.
As a consequence of this input, a time-line chart, also called a Gantt chart, is
generated. A time-line chart can be developed for the entire project.
Alternatively, separate charts can be developed for each project function or for
each individual 0working on the project.
Figure a illustrates the format of a time-line chart. It depicts a part of a software
project schedule that emphasizes the concept scoping task for a word-
processing
(WP) software product. All project tasks (for concept scoping) are listed in the lefthand
column. The horizontal bars indicate the duration of each task. When multiple
bars occur at the same time on the calendar, task concurrency is implied. The
diamonds indicate milestones.
An example of a gantt chart is:
21
3. Scheduling
3.1 Schedule table

WORK TASKS SCHEDULE

1. IDENTIFY NEEDS AND BENEFITS
Meet with concerned members Week 1
Identify needs and project constraints Week 1
Establish problem statement Week 2
Milestone Week 2

2. REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Detailed discussion of the project Week 3
Creating Data flow Diagram Week 4
Data Dictionary Week 5
Milestone Week 5

3. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Computing F.P. and Effort Week 5
Schedule table Week 6
Risk table Week 7
Timeline Chart Week 8
Milestone Week 8

4. DESIGN ENGINEERING
Architectural Design Week 8
Data Design Week 9
Pseudo Code Week 9
Milestone Week 10

5. TESTING Week 12

22
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

GANTT CHART FOR OUR HOSPITAL

MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

23

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

 CHAPTER-3

Architectural design

Requirements of the software should be transformed into an architecture that describes

the software's top-level structure and identifies its components. This is accomplished
through architectural design (also called system design), which acts as a preliminary
'blueprint' from which software can be developed. IEEE defines architectural design as 'the process
of defining a collection of hardware and software components and their interfaces to establish the
framework for the development of a computer system.' This framework is established by
examining the software requirements document and designing a model for providing
implementation details. These details are used to specify the components of the system
along with their inputs, outputs, functions, and the interaction between them. An
architectural design performs the following functions.
It defines an abstraction level at which the designers can specify the functional and
performance behaviour of the system.
2. It acts as a guideline for enhancing the system (when ever required) by describing those features
of the system that can be modified easily without affecting the system integrity.
3. It evaluates all top-level designs.
4. It develops and documents top-level design for the external and internal interfaces.
5. It develops preliminary versions of user documentation.
6. It defines and documents preliminary test requirements and the schedule for software
integration.

Though the architectural design is the responsibility of developers, some other people like
user representatives, systems engineers, hardware engineers, and operations personnel are
also involved. All these stakeholders must also be consulted while reviewing the
architectural design in order to minimize the risks and errors.
Architectural Design Representation
Architectural design can be represented using the following models.

1. Structural model: Illustrates architecture as an ordered collection of program

components
2. Dynamic model: Specifies the behavioral aspect of the software architecture and
indicates how the structure or system configuration changes as the function changes due to
change in the external environment
3. Process model: Focuses on the design of the business or technical process, which
must be implemented in the system
 4. Functional model: Represents the functional hierarchy of a system
5. Framework model: Attempts to identify repeatable architectural design patterns
encountered in similar types of application. This leads to an increase in the level of
abstraction.

Hospital Management System

Patient
Doctor Admin

Sign up Login Sign up Login Sign up

Login

View
detail update Appoin View
detail tment patient Add View View
doctor doctor Patient

Appoint Add
ment Descrip.

update
detail
CHAPTER-4
RISK ANALYSIS

RISK ITEMS THEIR CATEGORIES,IMPACTS AND THEIR MITIGATION PLAN

S.NO RISK CATEGORY PROBABI IMPACT(I) EXPOSUR RMMM

LITY(P) E PLAN
E=P*I
1 SOME TEAM TECHNICAL 20% 2 0.4 USE BACKUP
MEMBERS LEAVE RISK STAFFS WHO
THE PROJECT IN KNOWS WHAT
BETWEEN WAS GOING ON
PROJECT
2 DELIEVERY PROJECT 30% 1 0.3 TEAM MAY USE
DEADLINE RISK EXTRA MEMBERS
TIGHTENED TO DO JOB ON
SCHEDULED
TIME
3 LOSING OF ALL PROJECT 20% 2 O.2 CARRY OUT
PROJECT DATA RISK BACKUP OF
THIS MAY ESSENTIAL
HAPPEN DUE TO DATABASES,SOU
RCE CODE ETC.
HARD DISK
FAILURE
4 TEAM PROJECT 10% 3 0.3 WE MAKE SOME
DISTENSION/LAC RISK RULES ON HOW
K OF COHESION WE CONSULT
EACH OTHER
 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

CHAPTER-5

IMPLEMENTATION

Module screens

LOGIN PAGE

27

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

REGISTRATION PAGE
PATIENT PAGE

My Details
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Update Details

30

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Appointment

31

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

DOCTOR APPOINTMENT
DOCTOR VIEW PATIENT
DOCTOR ADD DESCRIPTION
Java Coding

Login

try{
String Username=jTextField1.getText();
String pass= new
String(jPasswordField2.getPassword());
Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
Connection
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Airline","root","");
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
String query= "Select * from user where
UserName='"+Username+"';"; ResultSet rs=
stmt.executeQuery(query);
rs.next();
String User=
rs.getString("UserName"); String P=
rs.getString("Password"); String type=
rs.getString("UserType");
if(pass.equals(P)){
jFrame2.setVisible(true);
this.setVisible(false);
}
else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Enter Correct Values...");
}
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
catch (Exception e){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Unable to Connect...."+e);
}
}
private void jButton2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ jFrame14.setVisible(true);
this.setVisible(false);
}
private void jButton36ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ System.exit(0);
}
Registration
private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ try{

String name, dob,sex,email,mobileno,

address; name= jTextField1.getText();
dob= jTextField2.getText();
sex= jTextField3.getText();
email=jTextField4.getText();
mobileno=jTextField5.getText();
address= jTextArea1.getText();
Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
Connection
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hospital","root","");
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
String query= "Insert into patient
values('"+name+"','"+dob+"','"+sex+"','"+email+"','"+mobileno+"','"+address+"');";
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
stmt.close();
conn.close();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Patient Record has been Saved...");
jTextField1.setText("");
jTextField2.setText("");
jTextField3.setText("");
jTextField4.setText("");
jTextField5.setText("");
jTextArea1.setText("");
}
catch (Exception e){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Unable to Save...."+e);
}

My Details
try
{

class.forname("java.sql.Driver");

connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql"//localhost/test","root","xyz"); Statement

stmt = con.createstatement();

String query= "update tablename set email = '"tf2.getText() + "dmobile = '" + mobiletf.getText()+", Address =
'"+Addtf.getText()+"' where name = "+nametf.getText()+";";

stmt.executeupdate(query);
Joption.show MessageDialog(null, "Record updated successfully")

catch (exception e)
{

Joptionpane.showmessageDialog(null, "error in updation!");

}

Update details

private void jButton2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)

{ class GenerateId{
int randomId=0;
Random rand=new
Random(); for(int j=0;j<10;j+
+){
randomId=rand.nextLong();
}
return randomId;
}
try{ Class.forName("java.sql.Driver"
); Connection
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Airline","root","");
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
int randomId;
id= Integer.parseInt(jTextField7.getText());
String query= "Select * from patient where
id="+randomId+";"; ResultSet rs;
rs= stmt.executeQuery(query);
String name, email, mobileno,
address; rs.first();
name= rs.getString("Name");
email= rs.getString("email");
mobileno= rs.getString("mobileno");
address= rs.getString("Address");

jTextField2.setText(name);
jTextField4.setText(email);
jTextField3.setText(mobileno);
jTextField5.setText(address);
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
catch (Exception e){
 JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Unable to Search Patient...."+e);
}

}
private void jButton5ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ jFrame4.setVisible(true);
}
private void jButton4ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ System.exit(0);
}

Appointment

private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)

{ jFrame2.setVisible(true);

}
private void jTextField3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
}
private void jButton2ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ jFrame3.setVisible(true);
}
private void jButton4ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ System.exit(0);
}
private void jButton3ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {

}
private void jButton7ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ class GenerateId{
int randomId=0;
Random rand=new
Random(); for(int j=0;j<10;j+
+){
randomId=rand.nextLong();
}
return randomId;
}
try{
int randomId;
String name, fname, phone, address;
id= Integer.parseInt(jTextField3.getText());
name= jTextField4.getText();
 fname= jTextField5.getText();
phone= jTextField6.getText();
address= jTextArea1.getText();
Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
Connection
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Airline","root","");
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
String query= "Insert into Appointment
values("+randomId+",'"+cateogry+"','"+date+"','"+time+"');";
stmt.executeUpdate(query);
stmt.close();
conn.close();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Appointment has been done...");
jTextField1.setText("");
jTextField4.setText("");
jTextField3.setText("");
}
catch (Exception e){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Unable to Save...."+e);
}
}

}
private void jButton8ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt)
{ class GenerateId{
int randomId=0;
Random rand=new
Random(); for(int j=0;j<10;j+
+){
randomId=rand.nextLong();
}
return randomId;
try{
Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
Connection
conn=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Airline","root","");
Statement stmt=
conn.createStatement(); int id;
id= Integer.parseInt(jTextField7.getText());
String query= "Select * from Appointment where
ID="+randomId+";"; ResultSet rs;
rs= stmt.executeQuery(query);
String cateogry,date,time;
rs.first();
cateogry=rs.getString("cateogry");
date= rs.getString("date");
time= rs.getString("time");

jTextField1.setText(id);
jTextField4.setText(date);
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

jTextField3.setText(time);
jComboBox1.setSelected(cateogry);
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
catch (Exception e){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Unable to Search patient...."+e);
}

}
private void jButton9ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code
here: class GenerateId{
int randomId=0;
Random rand=new
Random(); for(int j=0;j<10;j+
+){
randomId=rand.nextLong();
}
return randomId;
try{
Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
Connection conn=DriverManager.getConnection
("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/Hospital","root","");
Statement stmt= conn.createStatement();
int id;
id= Integer.parseInt(jTextField7.getText());
String query= "Select * from Appointment where
ID="+randomId+";"; ResultSet rs;
rs= stmt.executeQuery(query);
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}
catch (Exception e){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "The Booking is to be cancel...."+e);
}

40

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

CHAPTER-6

TESTING

DOCTOR VIEW PATIENT MODULE

WHITE BOX TESTING

White-box testing, sometimes called glass-box testing, is a test-case design
philosophy that uses the control structure described as part of component-level design
to
derive test cases. Using white-box testing methods, you can derive test cases that
(1) guarantee that all independent paths within a module have been exercised at
least once, (2) exercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides, (3)
execute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds, and (4)
exercise internal data structures to ensure their validity.

The white box testing has another branch called basis path testing.

1)BASIS PATH TESTING

Basis path testing is a white-box testing technique first proposed by Tom McCabe
[McC76]. The basis path method enables the test-case designer to derive a logical
complexity measure of a procedural design and use this measure as a guide for defining
a basis set of execution paths. Test cases derived to exercise the basis set are
guaranteed to execute every statement in the program at least one time during testing.

Flow Graph Notation

Before we consider the basis path method, a simple notation for the
representation of control flow, called a flow graph (or program graph) must be
introduced

41

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Fig.a

To illustrate the use of a flow graph, consider the procedural design representation in
Above figure a. Here, a flowchart is used to depict program control structure. Figure b
maps the flowchart into a corresponding flow graph (assuming that no compound
conditions are contained in the decision diamonds of the flowchart). Referring to
Figure b, each circle, called a flow graph node, represents one or more procedural
statements. A sequence of process boxes and a decision diamond can map into a
single node. The arrows on the flow graph, called edges or links, represent flow of
control and are analogous to flowchart arrows. An edge must terminate at a node,
even
if the node does not represent any procedural statements (e.g., see the flow graph
symbol for the if-then-else construct). Areas bounded by edges and nodes are
called regions. When counting regions, we include the area outside the graph as a
region.4

42
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Fig b

Fig c

43

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

When compound conditions are encountered in a procedural design, the generation of a flow graph
becomes slightly more complicated. A compound condition occurs when one or more Boolean
operators (logical OR, AND, NAND, NOR) is present in a conditional statement. Referring to
Figure c, the program design language (PDL) segment translates into the flow graph shown. Note
that a separate node is created for each of the conditions a and b in the statement IF a OR b. Each
node that contains a condition is called a predicate node and is characterized by two or more
edges emanating from it.

Independent Program Paths

An independent path is any path through the program that introduces at least one new set of
processing statements or a new condition. When stated in terms of a flow graph, an independent
path must move along at least one edge that has not been traversed before the path is defined. For
example, a set of independent paths for the flow graph illustrated in Figure 18.2b is
Path 1: 1-11
Path 2: 1-2-3-4-5-10-1-11
Path 3: 1-2-3-6-8-9-10-1-11
Path 4: 1-2-3-6-7-9-10-1-11
Note that each new path introduces a new edge. The
path 1-2-3-4-5-10-1-2-3-6-8-9-10-1-11
is not considered to be an independent path because it is simply a combination of already
specified paths and does not traverse any new edges.
Paths 1 through 4 constitute a basis set for the flow graph in Figure 18.2b. That is, if you can design
tests to force execution of these paths (a basis set), every statement in the program will have been
guaranteed to be executed at least one time and every condition will have been executed on its true
and false sides. It should be noted that the basis set is not unique. In fact, a number of different
basis sets can be derived for a given procedural design.
How do you know how many paths to look for? The computation of cyclomatic complexity
provides the answer. Cyclomatic complexity is a software metric that provides a quantitative
measure of the logical complexity of a program. When used in the context of the basis path testing
method, the value computed for cyclomatic complexity defines the number of independent paths in
the basis set of a program and provides you with an upper bound for the number of tests that must
be conducted to ensure that all statements have been executed at least once. Cyclomatic
complexity has a foundation in graph theory and provides you with anextremely useful software
metric.
Complexity is computed in one of three ways:
1. The number of regions of the flow graph corresponds to the
cyclomatic complexity.
2. Cyclomatic complexity V(G) for a flow graph G is defined as

where E is the number of flow graph edges and N is the number of

flow graph nodes.
3. Cyclomatic complexity V(G) for a flow graph G is also defined as

where P is the number of predicate nodes contained in the flow graph G.

Referring once more to the flow graph in Figure b, the cyclomatic complexity
can be computed using each of the algorithms just noted:
Therefore, the cyclomatic complexity of the flow graph in Figure b is 4.
More important, the value for V(G) provides you with an upper bound for the
number of independent paths that form the basis set and, by implication, an upper
bound
on the number of tests that must be designed and executed to guarantee coverage
of all program statements.
BASIS PATH TESTING FOR DOCTOR VIEW PATIENT MODULE

1. DefaultTabelmodel model = (DefaultTableModel)tablename.getModel1);

2. try{
3. class.forname("java.sql.Driver);

4. Connection con= DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost/test","root","xyz");

5. Statement stmt= con.createstatement();

6. string query= "select * from Appointment where vid="+vid+f.getText+";"

7. Result set rs= stmt.executeQuery(query);

8. while(rs.next()){
9. string uid=rs.getstring("uid ");

10. string name= rs.getstring("Name");

11. string address= rs.getstring("Address");

12. string mobile= rs.getstring("Mobile");

13. string Email= rs.getstring("Email");

14. string sex=rs.getstring("Sex");

15. string Age=rs.getstring("Age");

16. model.addRpw(newobject[ ]{uid,name,address,mobile,email,sex,age})

17, }

18. rs.close();

19. stmt.close();

20. con.close();

21, }
22. catch(Exception()) {

23.. . JoptionPane.showmessageDialog(null,"Error in Connectivity");

.
24. }
25. }
1) PROGRAM FLOW GRAPH

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15

16
17

18

19

20

25 24 22 21
23
2) CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY

CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY=E-N+2

E=NO. OF EDGES IN PROGRAM FLOW GRAPH

N=NO.OF NODES IN PROGRAM FLOW GRAPH

HERE E=27
N=25

SO CYCLOMATIC COMPLEXITY=4

Hence, there will be 4 independent paths.

3) INDEPENDENT PATHS
PATH A: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-25
PATH B: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-8-18-19-20-25
PATH C: 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-18-19-20-25
PATH D: 1-2-22-23-24-25

BLACKBOX TESTING
Black-box testing, also called behavioral testing, focuses on the functional
requirements of the software. That is, black-box testing techniques enable you to derive
sets
of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program.
Black-box testing is not an alternative to white-box techniques. Rather, it is a complementary
approach that is likely to uncover a different class of errors than whitebox
methods.
Black-box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories: (1)
incorrect or missing functions, (2) interface errors, (3) errors in data structures or
external database access, (4) behavior or performance errors, and (5)
initialization and termination errors.
Unlike white-box testing, which is performed early in the testing process,
blackbox testing tends to be applied during later stages of testing . Because
black-box testing purposely disregards control structure, attention is focused on
the information domain. Tests are designed to answer the following questions:
• How is functional validity tested?
• How are system behavior and performance tested?
• What classes of input will make good test cases?
• Is the system particularly sensitive to certain input values?
• How are the boundaries of a data class isolated?
• What data rates and data volume can the system tolerate?
• What effect will specific combinations of data have on system operation?
By applying black-box techniques, you derive a set of test cases that satisfy the following criteria
[Mye79]: (1) test cases that reduce, by a count that is greater than one, the number of additional
test cases that must be designed to achieve reasonable testing, and (2) test cases that tell you
something about the presence or absence of classes of errors, rather than an error associated only
with the specific test at hand.
This testing has different variances like:
1) Boundary Value Analysis
2) Orthogonal Array Analysis
3) Graph-Based Testing methods
4) Equivalence Class Testing

EQUIVALENCE CLASS TESTING

Equivalence class testing is a black-box testing method that divides the input
domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. An
ideal test case single-handedly uncovers a class of errors (e.g., incorrect processing
of all character data) that might otherwise require many test cases to be executed
before the general error is observed.
Test-case design for equivalence partitioning is based on an evaluation of
equivalence classes for an input condition.if a set of objects can be linked by relationships that
are symmetric,transitive, and reflexive, an equivalence class is present [Bei95]. An equivalence
class represents a set of valid or invalid states for input conditions. Typically, an
input condition is either a specific numeric value, a range of values, a set of related
values, or a Boolean condition. Equivalence classes may be defined according to the
following guidelines:
1. If an input condition specifies a range, one valid and two invalid
equivalence classes are defined.
2. If an input condition requires a specific value, one valid and two
invalid equivalence classes are defined.
3. If an input condition specifies a member of a set, one valid and one
invalid equivalence class are defined.

1) INPUT EQUIVALENCE CLASSES

VALID-I1={ pid}
INVALID-I2={pid<0}

2) OUTPUT EQUIVALENCE CLASSES

01={uid,name,email,sex,age,address,mobile}

02={Error in connectivity}
Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Chapter – 7
User Mannual
1.0 Introduction

The “HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” application allows users a simple interface to access their
account from a mobile device to view their details and appointments.
Like the doctors can check for their appointments and prescribe a given drug to a patient.
The patients can also book their appointment with Doctors This document will provide instructions for
using the application .

2.0 Getting Started

Install the HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” application . The application is compatible
with
Windows 7 or above operating system
.
2.x Quick Start : USER
STEP 1 : Tap the “Login” icon in your device menu. The Sign up screen will be brought up.
STEP 2 : First time users need to sign up by providing their information ( name , contact number
and password) . “Register” will create their unique account .
STEP 3 : Recurring user already having account need to log in to use the application by
providing their user name and password.
STEP 4 : Once you are logged in , you can perform specific functions like booking appointment or
viewing appointment if you are a patient and prescribing drugs,viewing appointments if you are a
doctor
STEP 5 : In case of query or complaint use “SUBMIT REQUEST” and
“REGISTER COMPLAINT” options provided on the same page.

2. x System Requirements
Windows 7 or above operating system
Internet connection for first time
login.

Troubleshooting
Missing or Incorrect Password or E-Mail
A message will be displayed in the event incorrect login information is entered. Try again with proper
credentials to access

50

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

Chapter -8
Conclusion

The entire project has been developed and deployed as per the requirements stated by
the user. It is found to be bug free as per the testing standards that are implemented.

The whole system’s activities are divided into two major parts like
User and admin. For implementing the system Android studio is used.
The system comprise of following features:
 Display bus number
 Calculation of fare
 Record requests from the user
 Record Complaints of the user

The estimated cost of the project is (efforts) 4 and the estimated size of the project
is (FP) 153.

There are also few features which can be integrated with this system
to make it more flexible. Below list shows the future points to be
consider :
 Getting the current status of patient.
 Including a different module for pharmacy

Finally, we like to conclude that we put all our efforts throughout the development of
our project and tried to fulfill most of the requirements of the user.

REFERENCES

1.IEEE Software Engineering Standards Committee, “IEEE Std 830-1998, IEEE Recommended Practice for
Software Requirements Specifications”, October 20, 1998.
[IEEE] The applicable IEEE standards are published in “IEEE Standards Collection,” 2001 edition.

2.The principle source of text book material is “Software Engineering A PRACTITIONER ’ S

APPROACH” by Roger S. Pressman.

51

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects from TutorialsDuniya.com

3.The principle source of text book material is “A Concise Introduction to Software Engineering” by Pankaj
Jalote.
 TutorialsDuniya.com

Download FREE Software Engineering Projects PDF for any

university student of BCA, MCA, B.Sc, B.Tech, M.Sc at
https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

 3 Level Authentication Airline Reservation System

 Banking Management System  Bus Route Enquiry System
 Car Showroom Dealership  Cricket Management System
 Criminal Record Management  E-Boutique
 Exam & Result Management  Health Care
 Hospital Management System  Online Bookstore
 Online Complaint Portal  Online Event Booking
 Online MetroCard Recharge  Online Missing Person Info
 Online Shopping  Online Shopping System
 Our First Home  Railway Reservation System
 Reality Show Management  Tour & Travel Management
 Smart City Traveller  Weather ForeCasting


Many more FREE Software Engineering Projects are available at

https://www.tutorialsduniya.com

Please Share these SE projects with your Friends as well