Final Report v1.5 Lucknow
Final Report v1.5 Lucknow
Date: 17/01/2021
Submitted by
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Table of Contents
PREFACE.........................................................................................................................................................4
1. ABOUT THE REPORT ..............................................................................................................................5
1.1. STEPS TO THE REPORT............................................................................................................................... 5
1.2. LIMITATIONS IN THE REPORT .................................................................................................................... 10
2. POLICY RECOMMENDATION ................................................................................................................ 12
2.1. POLICY NAME & SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 12
2.2. CRITICAL ISSUES..................................................................................................................................... 12
2.3. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS............................................................................................................................ 14
2.4. OPERATIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 15
2.4.1. Micro-level Subsidies ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2. Goals ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.3. Partners ............................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.4. Eligibility ........................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.5. SUCCESS INDICATORS................................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
2.6. MEASURES ........................................................................................................................................... 15
2.7. TIMELINE ............................................................................................................................................. 22
3. CHAPTERS ........................................................................................................................................... 25
CHAPTER A: DEFINITIONS & METHODOLOGIES ......................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1. Definition of Unorganized Sector ................................................................................................. 25
3.1.2. Sampling Numbers ....................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.3. Extrapolation Methodology ....................................................................................................... 100
3.1.4. Methodology for Health Status Score ........................................................................................ 101
3.1.5. Methodology for Financial Status Score..................................................................................... 107
CHAPTER B: DISTRIBUTION OF UNORGANIZED SECTOR IN THE DISTRICT OF LUCKNOW ................................................... 115
CHAPTER C: DISTRIBUTION OF SCORES ACROSS VARIOUS DEMOGRAPHICS IN LUCKNOW ................................................. 121
3.1.6. Health Status Scores................................................................................................................... 128
3.1.7. Financial Status Scores ............................................................................................................... 128
3.1.8. Combined Scores ........................................................................................................................ 128
CHAPTER D: ANALYZED ISSUES WITH COMMENTS ................................................................................................... 129
3.1.9. General Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 129
3.1.10. Demographic Conclusions ..................................................................................................... 132
3.1.11. Economic Conclusions............................................................................................................ 133
3.1.12. Debt & Credit Related ............................................................................................................ 138
3.1.13. Health Related ....................................................................................................................... 140
3.1.14. Sector Related ....................................................................................................................... 142
3.1.15. Combined Status Related ...................................................................................................... 145
CHAPTER E: OPERATIONS UNDER RECOMMENDED POLICY ........................................................................................ 148
3.1.16. Activity Level Subsidy Planning .............................................................................................. 148
3.1.17. Future Credit Eligibility Parameters ....................................................................................... 156
3.1.18. Partner Analysis..................................................................................................................... 157
3.1.19. Budget of the Policy............................................................................................................... 158
CHAPTER F: DASHBOARD .................................................................................................................................... 159
4. REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................... 167
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 52: Financial Status Score (Industries) – Urban & Semi Urban ............................................ 137
Exhibit 53: Forms of Debt.................................................................................................................. 138
Exhibit 54: Form of Loan ................................................................................................................... 139
Exhibit 55: Loan Sources (Rural) ....................................................................................................... 139
Exhibit 56: Health Status Score (all regions)..................................................................................... 140
Exhibit 57: Health Status Scores - Industry (all region type)............................................................ 141
Exhibit 58: Health Status Scores – Community (Urban & Semi Urban) ........................................... 142
Exhibit 59: Employment in household .............................................................................................. 142
Exhibit 60: Sector wise comparison (all regions).............................................................................. 143
Exhibit 61: Sub Sector Distribution ................................................................................................... 144
Exhibit 62: Score (Cooks) – Community Vs. Urban & Semi Urban ................................................... 145
Exhibit 63: Score – Sector wise for Urban and Semi Urban region .................................................. 146
Exhibit 64: Score – Sector wise for Rural region .............................................................................. 147
Exhibit 65: Detailed Recommendations ........................................................................................... 145
Exhibit 66: Skill and Activity Level Subsidy Plan............................................................................... 150
Exhibit 67: Expected number of claims (targeted) ........................................................................... 155
Exhibit 68: Average annual value of subsidy .................................................................................... 156
Exhibit 69: Partner Analysis .............................................................................................................. 157
Exhibit 70: Dashboard: Health Status Score (all region type) .......................................................... 159
Exhibit 71: Dashboard: Financial Status Score (all region type) ...................................................... 159
Exhibit 72: Dashboard: Socio Economic Status Score (all region) .................................................... 160
Exhibit 73: Dashboard: Health Status Score (Urban Region) ........................................................... 160
Exhibit 74: Dashboard: Financial Status Score (Urban Region) ....................................................... 161
Exhibit 75: Dashboard: Socio Economic Status Score (Urban Region)............................................. 161
Exhibit 76: Dashboard: Health Status Score (Rural Region)............................................................. 162
Exhibit 77: Dashboard: Financial Status Score (Rural Region) ......................................................... 162
Exhibit 78: Dashboard: Socio Economic Status Score (Rural Region) .............................................. 163
Exhibit 79: Dashboard: Health Status Score in Households (all region type) .................................. 163
Exhibit 80: Dashboard: Financial Status Score in Households (all region type) .............................. 164
Exhibit 81: Dashboard: Socio Economic Status Score in Households (all region type) ................... 164
Exhibit 82: Dashboard: Health Status Score in Industry (all region type) ....................................... 165
Exhibit 83: Dashboard: Financial Status Score in Industry (all region type) .................................... 165
Exhibit 84: Dashboard: Socio-Economic Status Score in Industry (all region type)......................... 166
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Preface
This report is a result of a combination of studies conducted across the district of Lucknow,
followed by a use of various data analytics tools designed to analyze the study outputs in the
context of the district, created through algorithms supported by secondary research and
primary sampling.
The core aim of the report is the come up with a well-designed policy recommendation plan
for the improvement of the unorganized sector, backed by data driven results and aided by a
deep study of policies across the world in similar scenarios. In order to do so, the report also
provides various critical data outputs that can be used by various departments for relevant
planning and decision making, besides the recommendations generated in the report.
The best way to read this report is to read it in sync with reports of other districts of the state
of Uttar Pradesh, as it will help draw proper comparisons and also help in state level policies,
along with cluster-level reports (reports combining clusters of districts based on outputs from
various districts). The overall state level report shall also be made a part of the reports for the
unorganized sector and will provide more perspectives to the reading of this report.
The team involved in this report include enumerators and their supervisors, responsible for
going on-ground survey work and collecting data in a pre-planned manner, that was derived
based on the work by a team of secondary researchers, who helped create the templates
needed by the enumerators for an effective data collection and also gathered data useful for
designing the set of questions asked in the survey, using a team of economic experts and
survey designers. The data from the survey was made intelligent through a combination of
algorithms created by domain experts combined with data analytics tools designed by data
scientists and developers. More importantly, this marks the start of a unique concept of digital
survey or census that was done using an Android based mobile application with novel
methods of auditing integrated with the same. The team was led by policy making experts
including world leaders who contributed towards the planning of the policies derived out of
intelligent data analytics.
The report starts off with a summary of the recommended policy and the methodologies and
steps used to reach there. It then has multiple chapters that help in providing a detailed
explanation for various points mentioned in the summary. The chapters cover more data
outputs that can be used for creating new aspects within the recommended policy and help
improve its execution plan further.
The report is also accompanied by a dashboard meant for administrators, that can be used by
them, for a much better visualization of various conclusive data points. The dashboard is
designed along with GIS mapping, thus staying true to the core objective of the report of
providing hyper-localized suggestions.
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● Secondary Research
○ Scientific Assumptions Factors (derived from above mentioned data and other data)
- Growth Rate
- Overall Gender Ratio of working population in urban areas and rural areas
○ Locality Level Derivation: Deriving data gathered from extrapolation to a locality level
information, based on secondary data plus on-ground research on a locality level
(extensive use of Google Maps)
○ Preliminary Primary Survey (across India): A small sample survey was done for
members of the unorganized sector from different parts of India and extraction of data
from respondents in places similar to Lucknow was done.
● Sampling
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○ Sample= Sum of minimum sample across various localities, where local sample is
calculated based on random sampling formulae with confidence level decided based
on “level of focus” which is effectively a function of level of distribution of activities
○ Multi-layered Audit
- Audit based on deviation from Secondary Research: such information was not
removed directly, but additional checks were done, and improvements were
suggested
- Audit based on “Repeat data” or grossly inconsistent data within the same record:
Such data was removed after one level of audit (based on set rules)
● Data Normalization
○ Combining Data for better results (at the time of questionnaire formation itself,
questions were framed to gather data through multiple fields, that can be combined
later for outputs; for example, monthly income as well as household income, use of
income and expenses to know level of need)
○ The technology ensures normalised data, but one round of check is done.
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● Extrapolation
- The most significant driver variable was calculated and used as an anchor for
further calculations of extrapolation
○ Extrapolation done based on sample data vs secondary research data, keeping the base
as the variable that is the most significant driver
○ All extrapolated data was calculated for various datasets (multiple datasets were
calculated first, based on demographic filters, and then extrapolation applied for all
variables within the dataset one by one for each)
○ Review and Research of existing Indices (this is explained in Chapter A: Definitions &
Methodologies)
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- Purpose: The Health Status Score is calculated to know those citizens (or workers
in the unorganized sector) who are either currently not happy with their current
health status or are bound to face dissatisfaction in the short term. The end goal
is to help create the right policies (in the context of the work), hence the purpose
of score has to be level of satisfaction as a function of perception and available
facilities at the workplace
- Definition: Health Status Score is a reflection of the health status of workers in the
unorganized sector according to their perception of the same and the impact of
their workplace in the same.
○ Review and Research of existing Indices (this is explained in Chapter A: Definitions &
Methodologies)
- Purpose: The Financial Status Score is calculated to know how many workers in the
unorganized sector are satisfied with their existing financial status and are
confident enough to not need an immediate intervention by the government.
- Definition of Financial Status Score: Financial Status Score is the reflection of the
part of the population that is in need of additional support for a satisfactory
livelihood. For example, a score of 0.3 reflects 70% of the unorganized sector
working population is in such need.
(this may need a revisit as it combines the 2 scores, but helps in getting useful
conclusions for policy direction)
○ Purpose and Indicators: The Health Status Score was considered to be an indicator for
social status (as used in various other SEI formulae), the financial status score is also
included and a new factor called Employee Satisfaction Score is considered.
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Lucknow District
- The satisfaction level is calculated only for areas that are directly relevant to socio-
economic conditions in the unorganized sector
● Calculation of Scores
○ Based on the above mentioned definitions, all scores are calculated using algorithms
connecting the said indicators
○ Focus is on % positive population with the core aim of being able to create policies out
of the same.
● Benchmarking of Scores
○ Calculation of Benchmarks: State level benchmarks for district level comparisons will
also be calculated once other districts are also brought under evaluation.
○ International Benchmarks: “Health Satisfaction Surveys” across the world have been
taken into account for comparing the health status scores of parts of Lucknow with the
western world. Exactly the same indicators are not used, but a comparison because of
similarity in core definitions and purpose. For example, Serbia has a 55% satisfaction
level when it comes to health (as per government sponsored surveys). These
benchmarks need additional analysis.
● Policy Recommendations
- Conclusions are analysed to create multiple policies (one or more solutions for
each major conclusion)
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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- Each solution is presented to the expert committee and its feasibility in the context
of the district of Lucknow is evaluated
○ Combined Policies
- Solutions are brought together to create a few policies within the context of the
district of Lucknow
- Organized Sectors are studied to see which of the shortlisted policies can help
unorganized sector workers become organized
○ Final Policy
- All activities and sectors are mapped to skill-based activities (through an algorithm
created for the purpose and in use by a Government of India initiative)
- Special micro-policies are made for each such activity, keeping in mind the focus
of helping the unorganized sector grow
Based on the above mentioned steps, a final policy plan has been created along with a
dashboard that provides a deeper insight into various data points that can help enhance
the policy plan further.
• Impact of COVID during the survey - This limitation has also got its advantages,
because the report has to be seen in the perspective of the new world, where there
may be significant changes from the previous data points captured during the pre-
COVID times. But due to the COVID, there may be a few temporary data points that
may have been unfairly skewed. We have tried to use secondary research to cover for
any such expected errors, but we need to be aware of the limitations, especially with
those businesses that were prominently, yet temporarily, impacted by the lockdown.
• The final report will be accompanied with a detailed dashboard that will be hosted on
https://upecocensus.org that will be accessible to administrators. This dashboard is a
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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work in progress and will be a critical part of the final report as it will give multi-layered
analytics across various filters. Screenshots of the dashboard shall also be made a part
of this report (or its extension).
• Margin of Error: The expected margin of error in extrapolation is 5% (taken at the time
of sampling). Additional margin of error in on-ground data collection is 5%. The
combined margin of error for various scientific assumptions taken in the secondary
research is around 10%. Hence the margin of error in final numbers can go up to 20%.
The overall expected margin of error is around 10%. The impact of margin of error is
minimized to a negligible level through use of trends and conclusions with minimum
margin of error, for any purpose of policy recommendation. The margin of error in
trends used for policy recommendations is expected to be less than 5%.
• This report focuses on a few major data points and limits the recommendations to
those data points. If something is missing but needed, the dashboard needs to be
referred for the purpose of detailed planning. But for the purposes of effective
presentation, we have not included multiple data points and focused on the ones that
are the most relevant.
• Child labor data is not included as on-ground surveys have not given enough outputs
to conclude the same. GST data is not included as well. Heat Maps with information
on clusters etc. shall be shared at the time of final report along with the GIS enabled
dashboard.
• When the other districts are also done, a combined report shall also be created. There
will be a detailed report for each district, along with a combined report for clusters of
districts, and a mega report for the state, besides the dashboard. This combined report
will be even more intelligent in terms of policy recommendations, as the kind of
actions needed here also require macro-economic intervention for a sustained impact.
Such macro-economic interventions will be recommended along with other districts.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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2. Policy Recommendation
2.1. Policy Name & Summary
Objective: Drive Unorganized Sector workers into the organized stream through special
monthly credit card scheme driven by digitization and personalized recommendations for
growth.
Why Accelerator: Accelerator is a term commonly used in the venture capital ecosystem,
signifying a platform that provides money as well as guidance and mentorship for growth,
which is the core of this policy.
Use of the word Accelerator in English is for attracting interests from CSR funds as well, while
the Hindi word मानस is to signify the focus that this scheme also acts as the guiding brain for
the unorganized sector.
Here we list down the most critical issues that need to be solved through this policy (for
Lucknow District):
Not having access to any type of loan or 148659 is the expected number that can be
debt that can be used to improve financial touched for providing loan access.
situation
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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High cost of raw materials (cost incurred About Rs 4100 is the cost*
towards services also included as raw)
*data in progress
Activities with maximum number in the Those doing regular errands (office boy,
unorganized segment personal errands): 230929
Based on an evaluation of issues and direct questions to the members of the unorganized
sector on what they want the most, better financial assistance came across as the biggest
need, especially in the current times.
The following solutions look at the various issues and try to provide a solution for each. The
policy plan is then made through an intelligent combination of the proposed solutions.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Taking Loans for non-accredited sources Special Credit Scheme (powered through
(problem of higher interest rate, lack of government, supported through banks and
structure) NBFCs)
Low Monthly Income (significant difference Push towards digitization will increase
compared to organized sector) numbers
High cost of raw materials (cost incurred The Credit Scheme should be designed to
towards services also included as raw) provide special help for raw materials
The most negatively impacted segment Activity-wise distribution (focus only on the
financially main source of income) while giving out
credit, with recommendations for activities
and special benefits for those
The most negatively impacted segment
recommendations
health-wise
(See
Activities with maximum number in the The kind of activities show that there is a lot
unorganized segment of scope of new jobs involving localization.
Hence the credit plan should support
localization.
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2.4. Operations
• Tie-up
o Tie-up with banks and NBFCs or other accredited institutions for distribution of funds
o Funds needed to the tune of Rs 140 crores for the district of Lucknow
Exhibit 3: Operations
o Interest Rate Subsidy by the Government: The plan is to provide interest rate on the
said credit at the rate of 8%, and the gap (gap between expected interest rate as per
the credit rating-based evaluation of the borrower and the actual interest rate) shall be
subsidized by the government. The value of the said interest rate is subject to
discussions, and it has been designed keeping in mind the Central Government package
for MSMEs as well as the interest rate charged by non-accredited lenders, while making
it attractive enough for those not seeking loan to also participate for their growth.
• Card
o Issue of a pre-loaded card to every applicant to this accelerator scheme
o The pre-loaded card has a value of Rs 5000
o The value can only be utilized against digital payments, so that full tracking is there
o The re-payment can be done any time after 1 month and every month, the card value
is loaded back to Rs 5000, if any re-payment is already done.
o This effectively ensures Rs 5000 per month per person always available for usage.
• Subsidies
o The interest rate will be subsidized by the government
o Let us target a low interest of 5% per annum post subsidization (exact value will be
frozen during the tie-up)
o Special purchases using the card will be subsidized by the government
- For example, clean cooking systems for those involved in the activity of cooking
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2.4.2. Goals
2.4.3. Partners
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2.4.4. Eligibility
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2.6. Measures
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• Risk: Low number of individuals who become eligible for this or who choose to get
digitized for the process.
Mitigation: Our initial trends show that some form of digitization has penetrated into most of
the households (exact data shall be shared post new survey that is going on). Hence, chances
of digitization being a major risk is low, if proper solutions and support designed specifically
for this community (based on the survey) is provided. If the eligibility is low, we will need to
work on a parallel step of getting their credibility verified as expected by the eligibility criteria.
Mitigation: The overall impact of the first Rs 5000 on the economy is also considered to be
high, hence absence of timely re-payment can be handled through adjustment in other
benefits given to the user.
2.7. Timeline
The timeline has been designed through an interaction with various potential partners that
are expected to be involved in the said activities. The mention of partners is there to provide
an understanding of the same, and it is proposed that any relevant partner can be chosen if
they stick to the said timelines as well.
Week 0: The entire detailed project plan with clear understanding on the type of activities
needed in different parts of the region is ready.
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In around 12 weeks after making the entire project plan, the program will be ready for a grand
launch aimed at economic revival. The KPI Targets after launch is mentioned above.
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3. Chapters
Chapter A: Definitions & Methodologies
A number of methodologies used here is created for the first time, and its freshness is a result
of the need of the specific context of unorganized sector during and post the COVID crisis.
Despite the use of new methodologies, they are all intelligent derivations of existing
processes.
• Earning member of the household works in a company (or a set of companies) where
they are employed in an informal manner, without being on payroll;
• Earning member of the household has their own set-up that has less than 10 number of
employees and is not registered or incorporated in any government database for
entities.
Steps:
1. The first step is to divide the districts into multiple regions. Initially, the division is
based on official divisions such as zones and wards.
2. In Lucknow, the division was based on zones within Municipal Corporation area and
NP areas.
3. Each such demarcated region was then studied through secondary research and a
distribution of unorganized sector, across types of enterprises or households, was
done.
4. Such stratification was done based on approximate input points- number of
households, number of slums, number of shops, number of educational institutes,
number of small industries, number of construction sites, number of hotels and
restaurants, number of health centers.
5. The above-mentioned inputs were used to divide every region into “Very High Focus
Area”, “High Focus Area”, “Medium Focus Area”, “Low Focus Area”. The level of focus
was a function of extent of distribution across “types” as mentioned above. For
example, an area that only has educational institutes and does not have a good
distribution of other types, but has decent number of households, becomes a medium
focus area. In some cases, regions were sub-divided into smaller regions based on level
of focus.
6. Now, based on the number of households expected to have unorganized population
representation of some kind (a member working in an unorganized entity or self-
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Critical Value was calculated for Confidence Level as per the following method:
Step 1: Subtract the confidence level from 100% to find the α level: 100% – 90% = 10%.
Step 4: Subtract Step 3 from 1 (because we want the area in the middle, not the area in the
tail): 1 – 0.05 = .95.
Step 5: Look up the area from Step in the z-table. The area is at z=1.645. This is your critical
value for a confidence level of 90%.
Formula applied:
Expected Population %
Incidence Level was taken based on the expected population out of the relevant population that
would fit within all our criteria during survey, and margin of error was taken as 5%. Extrapolation is
done keeping Incidence Level as well as new Weights generated out of the sample data received
(Extrapolation methods will be shared later).
Based on numbers mentioned above and following Steps 8-11, following targets were given
to the enumerators. The targets for each location are higher than the minimum sample
needed, hence lower actuals in certain regions is accepted.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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6 BAROWLI 100006 5
7 KHALILABAD 100007 5
75 43
8 ISHWARI KHERA 100008 5
13 UTRATIYA 100013 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
2 ASHIAANA-N 100016 5
6 RAHIMABAD 100020 5
8 BEHSA 100022 5
13 GUDORA 100027 5
14 BAGLI 100028 5
17 MIRJAPUR 100031 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
21 KHWAZAPUR 100035 5
2 KHAJUHA 100037 5
20 43
3 NETA KANHAIYA LAL 100038
5
COLONY
3 GEHRU 100042 10
8 GAURI 100047 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
75 43
3 KAREHTA 100053 15
65 50
2 PANDEY KA TALAB 100059 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
2 SECTOR-22,23,24 100071 10
50 53
3 SARVODAYA NAGAR 100072 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4 GOVINDPURAM 100078 25
2 GHOSIYANA 100080 3
8 PASIYANA 100086 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
13 CHAMRAHI 100091 3
3 KATOTHA 100095 15
80 130
4 TAKVA 100096 15
2 SHIVLOK 100100 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
15 GAZIPUR 100113 5
18 DUDAULI 100116 5
20 NAUBASTA 100118 5
36
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
40 44
4 AMBEDKER NAGAR 100132 5
2 AMAUSI 100137 15
37
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
3 BEHLA 100138 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
95 44
8 PURVI DEEN KHEDA 100164 5
12 RAMNA 100168 5
13 MUHAR 100169 5
14 BHAMRAULI 100170 5
15 SHAHPUR 100171 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4 LAPLAS 100178 5
65 57
7 HAZRAT GANJ BAZAR 100181 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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RANA
PRATAP MARG TO SHANI
MANDIR, TILAK MARG &
LAXMAN MELA STHAL TO
RIGHT SIDE OF SIKNDAR
4 KORIYANA 100191 5
5 BHILAVAN 100192 5
10 HASNAPUR 100197 5
11 SAKETPURI 100198 5
3 KANWOSI 100202 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4 R.D.S.O. 100203 5
2 R.P.F.COLONY 100210 3
27 44
5 RAJKIYA UDHYAN 100213 3
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
2 USARI 100219 8
7 ELDECO-I 100224 8
14 ELDECO-II 100231 8
15 PIPROWLI 100232 20
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
9 NATKHEDA 100243 5
85 62
4 FOUR SOUTH ROAD 100249 5
7 CHOULAKHI 100252 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
2 KHADAGPUR 100258 10
70 62
4 CHANDAN 100260 10
6 JARHARA 100262 10
45
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
13 DUBAGGA 100276 5
15 CHUDDAYA 100278 5
4 PAWANPURI 100282 5
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
8 VISHWAVIDHYALAY 100290
5
PARISAR
3 PAKREE 100293 6
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
3 KALYANPUR,WEST 100310 10
4 GAYATRIPURAM 100311 10
160 64
5 GAURA BAG 100312 10
6 ATRAULI 100313 10
7 JAHRAPUR 100314 10
8 BAHADURPUR 100315 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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10 BHEDHAPUR 100317 10
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9 MOHIBULLAPUR 100335 10
13 SHANKARPUR 100339 10
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
9 BIRHANA 100348 5
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Lucknow District
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2 UJARIAO 100374 5
3 LODHPURWA 100375 5
4 CHAMRAHI 100376 5
40 80
5 BELHA 100377 5
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42 57
4 ODD NUMBER -C BLOCK 100394 6
2 S.D.A.COLONY 100399 6
3 I.T.COLONY 100400 6
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
5 DIGDIGYIA 100409 7
7 GWARI 100411 7
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
3 AKILAPUR 100425 70 20 60
4 SABOLI 100426 10
56
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4 INDRALOK 100432 5
2 JUGAULI 100444 20
104 51
57
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
8 BHEEKAMPUR 100450 7
80 60
3 OLD KANPUR ROAD 100458 8
58
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
9 GOLAGANJ 100464 8
84 57
3 BURF KHANA 100472 7
59
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
100483
60
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
6 RETI 100493 5
14 BHANDOA 100501 5
61
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
7 KASAILA 100509 5
62
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
3 DALIGANJ 100537 86 6 62
63
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
8 LAKARMANDI 100542 6
64
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
50 53
3 A BLOCK PARTLY 100562 10
3 SHIVPURI 100567 5
40 51
4 HATA SITARA BEGAM 100568 5
65
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
66
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
67
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
6 AHIBARANPUR 100605 10
NARAHI 100611 4
68
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
69
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
7 CHILLAWAN 100633 10
4 BARAULIYA 100638 25
2 LOKMANYAGUNJ 100642 5
70
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
60 0
3 MANGAL KHEDA 100656 5
71
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
10 BELWARI 100675 5
72
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
11 HIYARD 100676 5
13 PARASATA 100678 5
73
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
14 PATANALA 100696 5
100 57
5 HATA MATA DEEN 100701 5
7 TILPURWA 100703 5
74
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
11 SHIVPURI 100707 5
12 KASMANDI 100708 5
13 FATEHGANJ 100709 5
18 AMINABAD 100714 5
100718
40 76
2 PURANIA 100720 10
75
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4 40 QUARTERS 100726 6
76
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
102 50
9 HAIDAR KAINAL 100746 6
77
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
78
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
6 KHEMEDOJAN 100779 90 5 32
79
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
15 CHIKMANDI 100788 5
80
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
3 KHADRA 100803 10
60 84
2 KANHAI LAL PURVA 100813 20
81
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
5 KHARIYAI 100825 7
126 44
6 KACHA BAGH 100826 7
82
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
83
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
120 64
5 DILA RAM BARADRI 100858 10
84
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
85
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
2 PAJABA 100877 7
4 GAUGHAT 100879 7
56 50
86
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
87
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
88
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
89
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
8 SINGAHL 100948 80 5 53
14 GOHIYANA 100954 5
90
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
119 160
8 ABBRAR NAGAR 100964 7
11 NEHRUBIHAR 100967 7
91
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
7 KHOKITHOLA 100985 7
92
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
14 GALIPARCHA 100992 7
93
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
66 57
5 POOL GAMA, CHOBH DARI 101008
MOHALA PURANI SABJI 6
MUNDI, GALI HAMAM
94
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
84 21
2 NADAN MAHEL ROAD 101027 7
95
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
96
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
60 20
6 KATRA VAFFA BAIG 101053 5
60 84
2 JAHKAADH KHANA 101060 10
97
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
98
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Rural
Sampling was done at the start of the survey and during the on-ground data collection
process, it was learned that certain locations represent the other locations more significantly.
Therefore, there are certain locations where the number of forms expected is more than the
collected.
Secondary Research Inputs needed for Lucknow District (Urban and Semi-urban):
1. Total number of expected households with a family member in the unorganized sector
(Th)
2. Total number of expected units in the unorganized sector (Tn)
3. Total number of self-employed workers (with no other employees) in the unorganized
sector (Ts)
4. % of Males in the Population (mP)
Primary Research Outputs for Lucknow District (Urban and Semi Urban):
Process:
1. First, make sure that all samples have their gender data filled, since gender was found
to be the most significant driver for the important parameters, as per correlations.
2. Based on what output is needed, apply required filters. The total number of samples
that remain after applying filter is S.
3. Calculate the total number of Males in this Sample, let’s call it M.
4. Now after applying filters, for knowing the actual numbers for any column (say
column C), the following process is applied (let’s say the column has following
possible values C1 to Cn):
• Further apply the filter of Males, get the total number of entries of C1 under ‘Males’
• SLW= Σ (1-LWn)/n, where n is the total number of rows
• NLWn=IF (LWn=1,1+SLW,LWn)
• Absolute Number of values of C1 under ‘Males’= Σ {(Total entries with C1)/(Total
entries with any value from C1 to Cn, but not blank) *
IF(M/S>0.9,M/S,mP)*(Th/Sh)*S}*LWn
• Now apply the filter of other than Males, get the total number of C1 under ‘Other than
Males’
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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• Absolute Number of values of C1 under ‘Other than Males’= Σ {(Total entries with
C1)/(Total entries with any value from C1 to Cn, but not blank)*(1-
mP)*(Th/Sh)*S}*LWn
• Now, sum the above two absolute numbers
• The total number of cases with the value C1 in the given set of filters is the above-
mentioned Sum.
5. Calculate absolute number as required based on above steps for any level of filters.
It consists of 23 indicators covering key aspects of health care performance. The key indicators
are distributed across 3 domains: Health Outcomes, Governance and Information, Key Inputs
and Processes.
Neonatal Mortality Number of infant deaths of less Nil (we are focusing only
Rate (NMR) than 29 days per thousand live on health status in the
births during a specific year. context of workplace)
Under-five Mortality Number of child deaths of less than Nil (we are focusing only
Rate (U5MR) 5 years per thousand live births on health status in the
during a specific year. context of workplace)
Total Fertility Rate Average number of children that Nil (we are focusing only
(TFR) would be born to a woman if she on health status in the
experiences the current fertility context of workplace)
pattern throughout her
reproductive span (15-49 years),
during a specific year.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Proportion of Low Birth Proportion of low birth weight Nil (we are focusing only
Weight (LBW) among (<2.5 kg) newborns out of the total on health status in the
newborns number of newborns weighed context of workplace)
during a specific year born in a
health facility.
Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) The number of girls born for every Nil (we are focusing only
1,000 boys born during a specific on health status in the
year. context of workplace)
Full immunization Proportion of infants 9-11 months Nil (we are focusing only
coverage old who have received BCG, 3 on health status in the
doses of DPT, 3 doses of OPV and context of workplace)
measles against estimated number
of infants during a specific year.
Total case notification Number of new and relapsed TB Low: Research shows that
rate of tuberculosis (TB) cases notified (public + private) per TB has correlations to the
1,00,000 population during a workplace.
specific year.
How do we account for
this: Instead of focusing
only on TB, our Scoring
relies on overall perceived
health status of the
respondents
Treatment success rate Proportion of new cured and their Low: Research shows that
of new treatment completed against the TB has correlations to the
microbiologically total number of new workplace.
confirmed TB cases microbiologically confirmed TB
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Proportion of people Proportion of PLHIVs receiving ART Nil (we are focusing only
living with HIV (PLHIV) treatment against the number of on health status in the
on antiretroviral estimated PLHIVs who needed ART context of workplace)
therapy (ART) treatment for the specific year.
Indicators- Data Integrity Measure and Average Occupancy of an Officer- are not directly
relevant in the current scenario, as Health Status Score is the score representing positive
perception with regards to health status of people working in the unorganized sector, to be
derived in the context of their work.
None of the indicators for key inputs are directly relevant for the health status score in this
context, as the score is not focused on measuring the processes followed by various
government bodies.
- WHO recommends that the indicators are relevant, valid, reliable, sensitive to
differences, clearly specified, and repeatable (so that they can be tracked over time)
- WHO recommends different indicators’ selection for different parts of the world
(indicators may be different from Brazil vs USA)
- The best way to read the health score is to read it for comparison within the same
demographics
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
• Health Status
• Risk Factors
• Service Coverage
• Health Systems
In our context, “Health Systems” in the context of the workplace is the most relevant domain.
Following are the Indicators under Health Systems recommended by WHO:
Various Mortality Rate Low: The mortality rate is not important but an equivalent
Indicators (Perioperative, information about mortality induced due to workplace
Maternal, etc) hazards must be considered.
Various Success Rate Indicators Low: We are focusing only on health status in the context of
(ART Retention Rate, TB workplace
Treatment Success Rate)
How do we account for this: By knowing how happy people
are with the treatment they receive, happiness is a considered
a measure of success
Service Specific Availability and Medium: Since Health Status Score is about knowing the
Readiness happiness of people in the unorganized sector with respect to
their health, availability of service is an important indicator
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Health Service Access High: Access is a critical element to understand the overall
status
Reporting Indicators (birth, Nil (we are focusing only on health status in the context of
death and other reporting) workplace)
Expenditure related Indicators Low: Consideration of family expenses on health is made, but
detailed expenditure of healthcare system is not needed
Important Indicators for the context of Health Status Score (according to the indicators
recommended by the NITI Aayog and WHO):
The above-mentioned broad indicators are calculated through a derivation of the following
indicators, created specifically for the purpose of this survey:
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
• Correlation between health and work (known through perceptions during the survey and
validated through external research of said activity)
• Availability of medical facilities at the workplace
Reasons for choosing the above indicators through a new methodology and not using the
standard methodologies directly:
• Localisation: The purpose of this survey is to get data from the level of locality and then
extrapolate the same for broad areas of the district. Many of the indicators recommended
by standard authorities do not take into account such level of localisation. The localisation
is done to capture the unorganized market (most macro-surveys miss out this market, but
this entire exercise is for the market that is not organized and hence not easily accessible)
• Work focused: The health status is being calculated with the purpose of creating policies
for the unorganized sector. Such policies can be created if the status is considered within
the context of the work that the subjects are involved in.
• New Age Data: COVID has created a situation where the standard parameters for
understanding access to health may not be comprehensive enough to help create policies
for the unorganized segment, it’s important to base the policy making on actual
perception of health status by the respondents, thus creating a much stronger output
needed for policies.
• Weight for each Parameter: Weight for each parameter was calculated, by putting in
random weights and running them through optimization algorithms with the aim to
achieve a correlation between the level of treatment (gathered from the survey) and final
score.
• % Positive for each Indicator was calculated. As mentioned above, the need of this score
is to focus on perceptions, so that the right policies can be made.
• Using the weight and % Positive, the final values were calculated.
• The calculated values were compared with various “Health Satisfaction Surveys” across
the world.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Financial Inclusion is a component that helps define financial status but is not fully
representative of financial status.
NABARD considered the following parameters before finalizing their indicators for financial
score.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
108
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4. Ease
5. Cost
6. Penetration
Kunt, Klapper
1. Savings Behaviour High.
(2012)
Knowing how much saving is
there and how long will the
saving last, along with
knowledge of how the saving is
distributed (including an
understanding of liquidity in
savings) is important to know
financial inclusion, with inclusion
being an important element of
status.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
The final financial inclusion score by NABARD uses the following indicators: availability of
banks and ATMs, number of accounts per 1000 population, and access to insurance. The focus
of this survey is to not know the spread of banks but to know how satisfied the subjects feel
with their financial income and if they are in an immediate crisis. Hence these indicators are
not used directly.
Financial Condition Score (FCI) and Financial Stress Score (FSI) both follow market data as
indicators to understand financial score.
Since we are talking about unorganized sector, market data is not a right reflection of their
financial status. Hence the Indicators used by RBI (Asset Price, Real Estate Price, Currency
Rate, Interest Rate) are not contextual here.
NITI Aayog has designed a series of indicators for a combined SDG India Score for 16
sustainable development goals for India:
SDG 1. No Poverty
110
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Out of the above mentioned SDGs, SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 8 (Decent
Work and Economic Growth), SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) are considered relevant for
knowing Financial Status of Workers in the Unorganized Sector.
Combining the relevant SDGs, the following indicators (as defined by NITI Aayog against those
SDG Indices) were considered:
Exhibit 12: Parameters for Financial Score (by NITI Aayog against the SDG Indices)
Number of Homeless Low: Our preliminary primary research has shown that the
Households number of homeless households working in the unorganized
sector is not significant, hence this indicator has not been
used.
111
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Ratio of rural households Low: This ratio is not explicitly integrated in the calculations
covered under PDS to for the unorganized sector, but it does give a target that Rs
rural households where 5000 for the highest earning member in a household is a
the income of the highest number low enough for the household to look for Public
earning member of the Distribution System benefits.
household is less than
5000 How do we account for this: We cover the number of
households who fall under the poverty line
Growth rate of GDP per Nil: Not directly relevant for our scoring
capita
Unemployment Rate per Low: Since the focus is only the employed in the unorganized
1000 persons sector, this indicator is not directly relevant.
Households with Bank Medium: Presence of Bank Account does reflect financial
Accounts status
This indicator along with other indicators that show the asset
possession of households should be used.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Number of ATMs per Low: ATMs is a reflection of financial independence, but may
100,000 population not be a strong indicator because our preliminary research
shows a lack of correlation. Hence, a derivation of this
indicator in form of accessibility to financial setups can be
included.
Palma Ratio based on The ratio of total monthly consumption expenditure of the
household expenditure in top 10% of the households to that of the bottom 40% shows
India (Urban and Rural) economic inequality.
Important Indicators for the context of Financial Status Score (according to the indicators
recommended by the NITI Aayog and NABARD):
Based on the above selected indicators and planned derivations, following indicators were
used for the calculation of Financial Status Score:
Reasons for choosing the above indicators through a new methodology and not using the
standard methodologies directly:
• Localisation: The purpose of this survey is to get data from the level of locality and then
extrapolate the same for broad areas of the district. Many of the indicators recommended
113
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
by standard authorities do not take into account such level of localisation. The localisation
is done to capture the unorganized market (most macro-surveys miss out this market, but
this entire exercise is for the market that is not organized and hence not easily accessible)
• Work focused: The financial status is being calculated with the purpose of creating
policies for the unorganized sector. Such policies can be created if the status is considered
within the context of the work that the subjects are involved in. Income has to be
considered across multiple sources based on activities.
• New Age Data: COVID has created a situation where the standard parameters for
understanding status of finance may not be comprehensive enough to help create policies
for the unorganized segment; hence it’s important to base the policy making on actual
perception of their fiancial status by the respondents, thus creating a much stronger
output needed for policies.
○ Monthly Income was compared with the benchmark monthly income to know if the
population needs financial assistance (the benchmark was taken as the overall average
income for the state based on all district data and other sample data collected before
survey, and compared with secondary research inputs from various sources)
○ Based on income in households, savings and the expenses, 12 months were taken as
the maximum period for a household to go on without intervention, considering cash
inflow is negative.
○ If loans existed without the presence of assets, that was considered as an area of
concern and focus.
○ All Indicators were used to calculate multiplication factors for the score.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
The following data are extrapolated numbers for selected outputs. Only those outputs are
shown that are directly useful for the overall policy recommendations.
The scope of error in extrapolation can go from 5 to 15% (see Scope of Error for better
understanding). All extrapolation has been done on a data point level, thus increasing the
accuracy when seen from the perspective of that particular data point.
Summary for Rural, Semi Urban and Urban (combined) region type
115
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
700000
600000
483691
500000
400000
300000
205633
200000
116
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
RU
RA
L
A
URB
N
OBC
OBC SC/ST
SC/ST FC
N A
B
UR
RUR
AL
300000
250000
200000
150000
100000
50000
0
SC/ST OBC FC
ALL 365919 400115 50246
URBAN and SEMI-URBAN 217381 310806 43547
RURAL 148538 89309 6699
Axis Title
117
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 20: Total numbers for Semi Urban and Urban Region
Exhibit 21: Sector wise distribution (for Semi Urban and Urban Region)
Exhibit 22: Sub-Sector wise distribution (for Semi Urban and Urban Region)
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 23: Sub-Sector wise distribution (for Semi Urban and Urban Region)
Distribution by Profession
(Urban & Semi Urban)
0.14% Maid
Security
3.29% 1.32% Retail
Textile
55.14% Transport
0.87%
Exhibit 24: Community wise distribution (for Semi Urban and Urban Region)
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Demographic, Income, Sector and Other Filtered Distribution to be part of the combined
report and dashboard.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
The values seen here are for various Scores that reflect the perception of the socio-economic
status.
*All numbers are on a scale of 0-1, 1 being the highest, 0 being the lowest. A score below 5 shows a
requirement of critical policy intervention. A score above 8 shows a study of existing policies and how
the same can be used to replicate in other locations.
Score (Overall)
0.6
0.499
0.5
0.4
0.3321
0.3
0.2
0.11
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
121
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 29: Sector wise scores (Urban & Semi Urban Region)
Exhibit 30: Sector wise scores (Urban & Semi Urban Region)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
122
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
0.6 0.546
0.5001
0.5
0.4
0.4 0.3656
0.3
0.215 0.223
0.17 0.1848
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
123
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 33: Community wise scores (Urban & Semi Urban Region)
Exhibit 34: Community wise scores (Urban & Semi Urban Region)
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
SC / ST OBC FC
124
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
0.4
0.32 0.3334
0.3
0.199
0.2
0.148
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
SC / ST OBC
125
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 37: Scores – for Cook (Urban & Semi Urban) - Community
Exhibit 38: Scores – for Cook (Urban & Semi Urban) – Community
0.286
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
SC / ST OBC FC
126
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 39: Scores – for Industries (Urban & Semi Urban) – Community
Exhibit 40: Scores – for Industries (Urban & Semi Urban) – Community
SC / ST OBC FC
127
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
All the above-mentioned scores shall be seen directly on the Dashboard. The Dashboard
screenshots are presented along with the data of other districts for an effective comparison
in Chapter F: Dashboard
128
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
These conclusions are picked out of the thousands of conclusions gathered out of the data,
and they have been shortlisted based on their importance in the policy recommendations for
the Government of UP and also to help various departments including Department of MSME
quantify their support system and other needs.
Distribution of Household
367566
Distribution of household
813836
§ Out of the above numbers, 571735 is the number of households in unorganized sector
in the urban and semi-urban areas and 242101 is the equivalent number for rural
areas. The self-employed number in urban and semi-urban areas is 234411, while the
equivalent number is 133155 for rural areas.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
600000 571735
500000
400000
300000 242101
234411
200000
133155
100000
0
Urban & Semi- Urban Rural
Our Comments: A large segment of unorganized workers working in the urban and
semi-urban areas work for others, while this number decreases in the rural areas. Also,
urban and semi-urban areas have a greater population as well as a greater share of
the unorganized market in the Lucknow district. The higher self-dependency in rural
areas can be a function of the limited opportunities in such areas as well as the current
situation where there has been a reverse migration to villages.
§ Around 47% of the population working in the unorganized segment in the district of
Lucknow have migrated to their current location of work from either other state/some
other region of the same state or district. Majority of the migration has been for the
purpose of employment.
Our Comments: Such a large size of migrant population increases the challenge in
ensuring the government policies reach the required beneficiaries. This number
includes both kinds of migration (from more developed areas induced by COVID and
from less developed areas induced by limitations in opportunities).
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Migration Status
60
50.2
50 47.4
40
30
20
10
2.4
0
Yes
§ The average monthly income per household is INR 8260 while the average monthly
expense per household is INR 5570. The numbers for urban and semi-urban is not
substantially different from the numbers of rural, showing a consistent spread.
5570
8260
Expense Income
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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§ The annualized income generated by the unorganized sector in Lucknow is around INR
8067 crores.
Our Comment: A large part of this income does not get recorded in the official records,
because of the unstable and unorganized nature of the same. If this income is brought
into consideration through a better involvement of the unorganized sector with
government policies, possibilities of increasing this number exist. The policies that
shall be recommended based on this data should not just be for poverty alleviation
but look at a macro-economic picture and run alongside employment and business
generation or enhancement programs, that will also bring in more such income into
the mainstream.
§ Total OBC population in the unorganized sector is 400105, out of which the ones in
rural areas is 89309 and the ones in urban and semi urban areas is 310806.
250000
200000
150000
100000 89309
50000
0
Urban & Semi Urban Rural
§ Total SC and ST population in the urban and semi urban areas is 217381 and those in
the rural areas is 148538.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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SC ST Population
250000
217381
200000
150000
100000 89309
50000
0
Urban & Semi Urban Rural
SC ST Population
Our Comment: This distribution of communities shows that the OBC community is
dominant in the urban and semi urban areas while rural areas has a higher
representation of SC and ST communities as compared to the urban and semi urban
areas. Any community driven social alleviation program for the scheduled community
may be run only on a local level (specific areas such as the rural portions) as the
distribution is not consistent across the entire district.
§ The gender distribution is very similar to the overall gender distribution of population;
the survey has considered females involved in household works adding to the overall
business as part of the sector.
§ The Financial Status Score for Lucknow- Urban and Semi Urban Areas is 0.502 while
the value for Lucknow-Rural is 0.200. This score reflects the percentage of population
to be considered in a good financial state, calculated through a function of multiple
parameters gathered through primary and secondary surveys.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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0.502
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0
Urban & Semi Urban Rural
Our Comment: The rural areas need immediate and critical attention. Though the
impact of COVID has been low on rural areas and high on urban areas, the financial
status remains a challenge for rural areas even now, which means we may keep on
seeing migrations leading to centralized economy. But this may come at social costs.
Hence, it is important there is a time bound poverty alleviation program designed for
rural areas (on the lines of universal basic income for owned households), but such a
program has to be accompanied with clear macro-economic plans to sustainably
support the impact of such a program.
§ The Financial Status Score is highest for businesses and individuals in the Services
Sector at 0.701, while the number is less than 0.5 for those working in households.
Exhibit 48: Financial Status Score (Sector)
0.6 0.5
0.4
0.2
0
Service Sector Household
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Our Comment: Services sector have traditionally attracted a stratum of society that
has had higher monthly income. Their good status also means more activities and
programs can be done to attract more unemployed professionals to enter the services
sector, especially keeping the new Post-COVID world in mind that has changed a lot
of dynamics for this sector.
§ In the rural areas, those working in Industries have the lowest Financial Status Score,
at 0.174. Again, this is critically low showing that industries in the rural areas have
been severely impact in the current scenario.
Our Comment: Though the number of industries in rural areas is low and hence falls
out of priority regularly, they seem to have been the most impact and understandably
so. Their business needs to be driven through economy-localization programs.
§ In the urban areas, Financial Status Score for SC and ST Community is 0.401 while that
of OBC is 0.550. We find a similar ration between the two for rural areas as well.
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Exhibit 50: Financial Status Score (Communities) – Urban & Semi Urban
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Financial
SC / ST OBC FC
Our Comment: The SC community may need a special boost, and the same can be
driven through economic programs that have representatives from the community in
the execution team.
§ Amongst those involved in the activity of cooking, the Financial Status Score for SC and
ST community is 0.286 while that for OBC community is 0.524.
Exhibit 51: Financial Status Score (Cook) – Urban & Semi Urban
0.4
0.286
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Financial
SC / ST OBC FC
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Our Comment: This is a very interesting output which shows that the SC community’s
contribution to Cooking sector is not giving them the same benefits OBC community
is reaping. This may be due to the region in which they are operating. Programs which
allow them to extend their region beyond a particular geographical area may be
helpful. Separate program may not be needed, but while designing a special program
this output can be kept into consideration.
§ For Industries in Urban and Semi-Urban areas all communities have similar Financial
Status Score (the difference is not very high).
Exhibit 52: Financial Status Score (Industries) – Urban & Semi Urban
SC / ST OBC FC
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Banks
Money
Contractors
Lenders
Form
of debt
Coworkers Friends
§ Majority of the businesses and workers in the unorganized sector have taken some
form or loan or debt from either banks or money lenders or other friends or co-
workers or contractors.
§ Around 45925 have taken loans from money lenders or contractors in the urban and
semi-urban centers.
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§ Around 127517 have taken loans from accredited institutions in the rural areas of
Lucknow. Around 20819 have taken loans from non-accredited sources.
14%
86%
Our Comment: The overall debts in rural areas is lower than that in urban areas, especially
with respect to loans from banks. Loans from “other” sources is high in the rural areas.
This clearly provides action points for the Government to start tapping the segment in
rural areas who do not take loans from banks etc. This will not only help protect the
debtors, but also increase earnings for the government.
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Health status is a reflection of social status as well. Hence, there has been a special focus on
health in our research. Health is directly connected to productivity also, thus impacting
economic growth.
§ The Health Status Score for Urban+ Semi-Urban (0.514) and Rural areas (0.499) are
very near to each other. There is a clear scope of improvement, but it’s not critically
low.
Our Comment: Exposing rural segment to existing government policies on health and
providing them better health facilities around them should be the natural step on part of
the government, as there is a correlation between health and earning, as shown by the
survey.
Health Status Score is a reflection of the facilities of health available to the unorganized
segment along with their perception of their status and the said facilities.
0.51
0.505
0.5 0.499
0.495
0.49
Health
§ Though the Financial Status Score is the highest for Services Sector (explained above),
the Health Status Score is highest for Industries Sector, in the urban and semi-urban
areas (0.665). On the other end, in the rural areas, the Health Status Score for those
working in industries is very poor (0.215).
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0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.215
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score
Our Comment: The industries in the urban and semi-urban areas show good care for
the unorganized sector members associated with them. Incentivizing, recognizing and
rewarding those industries that do the same, shall help in further improving the
already good numbers. This should also extend to industries in rural areas, who should
be given clear instructions on what they should do to improve their health focus.
Critical attention is needed on health conditions of those associated with industries in
rural areas, and self-improvement alone will not help. A health status linked financial
incentive plan can be proposed.
§ Health Status Score of 0.440 for SC and ST and 0.738 for FC Community in the urban
areas show that even within the unorganized sector, there is a difference in health
status across communities.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Exhibit 58: Health Status Scores – Community (Urban & Semi Urban)
0.6
0.521
0.5 0.439
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score
SC / ST OBC FC
§ About 777368 is the number employed in households (doing their own job out of their
households, self-employed with workplace being their household, working at others’
households), with the number being 483691 for urban and semi-urban areas and
205633 for rural areas.
Rural Areas
30%
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Our Comment: A large segment of the population in the unorganized sector does not
work out of a workplace. Such a large number working in households means that they
may have newer opportunities in the post-COVID world, which is expected to see less
offices and workplaces. Policies that can create additional opportunities for this
segment, through skill-development and diverse job options, will help boost the
economy and uplift their socio-economic status in the process.
§ 42444 are in Industries in Urban and Semi-Urban areas and 17185 are in agriculture in
rural areas; both being the second most prominent sectors for the region. 19437 are
in Services in Urban and Semi-Urban areas, while the number is around 20% of the
same for rural (4260).
Our Comment: Services and industries sector are prominent in urban and semi-urban
areas, while rural has more of agriculture as well as small scale industries. A clear
distribution of sector of work shows that the policy distribution should also take this
into account, especially when it comes to policy awareness plans. Policies meant for
service sector should be promoted more actively in the urban centers.
Sector Comparision
45000 42444
40000
35000
30000
25000
19437
20000 17185
15000
10000
4260
5000
0
Industries Agriculture Services
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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§ In the entire district of Lucknow, the number of people involved in the unorganized
sector, in activities related to cooking, is 306307. It is at the highest in terms of the
activities surveyed, closely followed by activities related to running personal errands,
doing maid work, or works typically done by an office boy, at 230929. Textile and
Clothing is also a prominent sector.
Our Comment: Cooking is one of the skills that is easily picked up by most and does
not have a threshold in terms of generating business or employment, hence a large
segment belongs to this particular activity. A focus on this segment will help boost
economy, if done not through a direct incentive-based policy but through a policy that
combines incentives with long term benefits for the sector. Doing jobs of running
errands, cleaning etc. also have very low threshold, hence a large number of people.
They can be enabled to do much more if a proper skill evaluation is done for this
segment and respective skill development programs are run.
Distribution by Profession
(Lucknow District)
41.63%
55.22% 44.78%
0.87%
0.97%
1.32%
Cook Maid Security Textile Transport
§ In the Urban and Semi-urban centers, the activity of cooking for high, but it’s the
lowest for the rural sectors, clearly showing that the rural centers do not have similar
distribution as urban. In the rural centers, majority work in households but their core
skills are not related to cooking. They do “other” activities that are related to livestock
or agriculture.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Our Comment: In the rural areas, there is a much larger population involved in
activities that are connected to agriculture but is not directly about farming. This
population can be involved in improving agricultural produce through learning of
smart farming techniques.
§ The total monthly income generated out of those working in unorganized retail sector
in Lucknow (urban and semi-urban areas) is less than INR 1 crore, while the total
income for those working in textile and clothing is around INR 7 crores.
Our Comment: Businesses involved in production of textile and clothing, and all
related activities such as stitching and tailoring, are much more unorganized than
those involved in selling it retail. Technological incentives driven policies can help
organize this sector further as the impact of organizing this will also help in improving
economy for the better organized retail sector. The point to note is that these values
are much lesser than the overall value of same sector in the organized segment,
showing that there has been good work on organizing the sector, though some efforts
are still left. It’s highly possible that the income numbers may increase significantly for
these unorganized workers, if the assimilation of their work is done into the well-
organized textiles sector.
The Socio-Economic Status Score takes into account Health Status Score, Financial Status
Score as well as Workplace Satisfaction Score.
§ The Socio-Economic Score of Cooks is ok overall, but significantly low for the SC/ST
Community. It is 0.363 for SC/ST while 0.507 for OBC.
Exhibit 62: Score (Cooks) – Community Vs. Urban & Semi Urban
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
SC / ST OBC FC
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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§ The Socio-Economic Score for those working in Industries in Urban and Semi Urban
Centers is very good at 0.703, while it is 0.483 for those in Households. Again, it is
reflective of the other points mentioned above.
Exhibit 63: Score – Sector wise for Urban and Semi Urban region
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
§ The group with the lowest Socio-Economic Score is, with a value of 0.185, those
working in Industries in rural areas.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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0.6 0.546
0.5001
0.5
0.4
0.4 0.3656
0.3
0.215 0.223
0.17 0.1848
0.2
0.1
0
Health Status Score Financial Status Score Socio-Economic Status Score
Our Comment: Though the number of such industries is low, as mentioned above, a
special focus on this segment involving poverty alleviation programs connected to
macro-economic goals is needed.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Please find below the list of skills that will be connected on the backend to special
recommendations, thus acting as an artificially intelligent guide to the unorganized sector.
These skills have been derived through an algorithm that calculates proficiency of skills based
on the range of activities (with one or more sources of income) a respondent is involved in.
This skill proficiency evaluation algorithm is also being used by the Government of India, in an
ongoing project. The range of activities is derived through the survey and related secondary
research.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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These So that
recommendations will the target
be directly tied up to and the
purchases from value of
the Manus Card subsidies
is clear
Dyeing & Washing Subsidy for raw The garment furnishing 6297
materials (dyes etc) business has been much
purchased locally from more organized now (basis:
Lucknow secondary research). So,
those having this skill can
move faster to the organized
sector than others
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Construction Those from the SC/ST The number of people from 2786
Machine Community get special SC/ST community in this
Operations subsidized rates for any sector is disproportionately
trainings related to higher than others (including
operating any level of masons with low skill
machine in the proficiency in machine
construction sector operations as well). And there
(which can be used is a clear wage gap.
through the card) along
with a special certificate
to help them get more
contracts/jobs
Plumbing NA NA 2321
Driving NA NA 3039
Repair of Motor Portable Kits that can be Use of portable kits can 9117
Vehicles used for repair of increase the reach of
vehicles to be supplied unorganized sector inside
at subsidized rates households, thus increasing
their numbers. Our data
shows that there are large
number of household
focused businesses, and
hence this will be a natural
addition
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Gem & Jewellery Special prices for the Prevalence of embroidery 650
Work LOCAL ready-made and ready-made small scale
garment industries "organized" industries in the
(subsidies for any district of Lucknow; those
purchases done to serve doing unorganized gem or
the local garment related work can be given
industries) more business through these
industries
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Software & Data Free access (Subsidized Very small number for this, 576
Work by the government) to but wherever it exists, special
basic learning courses push is needed; as this is
that can be done on typically a well-organized
mobile industry
Housekeeping Availability of tools used This will help boost purchase 25350
for housekeeping at a directly through those
subsidized rate involved in housekeeping,
leading to higher margins of
earning (the financial status
score was low for this sector)
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Livestock Rearing Subsidized access to Low Health & Financial Scores 1481
food for livestock, if for Rural Industries, but
local suppliers are used strong scope for Agro-based
industries
Machinery NA NA 389
Operations-
Mining
Manual Labour Special recruitment for The financial status gap is 5584
SC/ST community disproportionately higher for
members who can use the SC/ST Community than
their local reach to help other communities, hence a
promote this scheme social push can be driven
(and get their expenses through this
reimbursed and paid
additionally for the
same)
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Expected Number: This number does double counting as well, as it reflects the number of
people having some level of proficiency in the said skills based activities. A person may be
doing multiple activities based on multiple skills they possess and may want to gain subsidy
for all those activities (within the given budget), as they would have multiple sources of
income.
These are some important conclusions out of the expected number of people doing these
skill-based activities:
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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2. Increase in
GDP for the
unorganized
sector
151
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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2. Increase in
GDP for the
unorganized
sector
2. Increased
Income
3. Increase in
GDP for the
Organized Sector
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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2. Industry 2. Increase in
Partners GDP for the
unorganized
sector
3. Increase in
GDP for the
Organized Sector
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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3. Government 2. Increased
Income
2. Marketplace 2. Increase in
Partners, GDP for
Unorganized
3. Government Sector,
3. Increase in
GDP for the
Organized Sector
2. Marketplace 2. Increase in
Partners, GDP for
Unorganized
3. Government Sector,
3. Increase in
GDP for the
Organized Sector
2. Increased
Income
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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2. Increased
Income,
3. Increase in
GDP for all
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155
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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How to extract this value: >90% of the above value can be extracted through partnerships,
the rest may need to be budgeted through the local or state government. Overall, it is
expected to drive lot of intangible value, besides helping achieve the core objectives as
mentioned above.
The MANUS policy shall open a gate of new investors for the sector, upon its successful
initiation. These new investors are expected to use data collected through the scheme for the
purpose of providing additional credit facilities to the users, based on certain eligibility
parameters that would be calculated through the data on the MANUS card. This will ensure a
sustained growth of the sector and a growing benefit of the scheme.
Following are some of the initial eligibility parameters that would be considered by the
investors, hence these are the ones that need to be recorded clearly while planning the
concept of the card.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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• Repayment Details
• Use of Subsidies during purchases using the Card (amount, type, etc.)
• Sector Level Analysis (based on combined data of usage of card across sectors)
• Growth Rate (in terms of Income)
• Extent of Digital Adoption
The report mentions use of partners at multiple places, for effective execution of the said
policies. It also briefly mentions various types of partners that would be useful for the same.
The following table shows the types of partners that are needed, along with some examples
with some names.
Innovators & This will be domain specific, for example, for Clean Cooking, we can
Technology look at various startups associated with NITI Aayog or Startup India
Startups programs. Those who participated in Government of India’s call for
“Solar Chulha” in 2017 can be considered to partner.
On ground We will have to use companies that were involved for Jan Dhan
Partners Schemes, as well as use NGOs such as SEWA that focus on women
empowerment through involvement in such policies.
Grant Funds Various funds responsible for economic revival, for example
Omidyar’s Resolve Fund, or various Indian corporate funds can also be
involved in the process.
Banks/ NBFCs Bank of Baroda, SIDBI and other banks will need to be involved for
effective execution.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Corporate CSR Corporates such as TATA group and other international corporates
funds looking to be a part of “Bharat” will be involved for this exercise
towards economic growth.
Skill Development Various Skill Development Programs can be involved on both state
Partners level and national level.
Assuming 10% of the micro-level subsidies are sponsored by the government, while the rest
comes through partnerships with corporates and academia, as it is of long-term value to all,
and keeping into account subsidies provided by the government to the banks and other
lenders on the interest rates applicable on the MANUS card, the total value of subsidies that
the government needs to consider against direct financial alleviation is around Rs
70,00,00,000.
The other expenses by the government for effective execution of this policy can be considered
to be at 2% of the total value of money to be floated in the market (Rs 534 crores for micro-
level subsidies and Rs 140 crores for the initial cumulative credit value in the cards), as a
thumb rule for operational expenses. This turns out to be approximately Rs 13 crores.
At a value of less than Rs 100 crores (Rs 70 crores+ Rs 13 crores+ unaccounted expenses)
towards the complete overhaul of the unorganized sector in the district of Lucknow (all the
other subsidies and expenses are supposed to be driven through partnerships); the expected
direct annual GDP increase is about Rs 2500 crores.
A detailed budget plan shall be created in discussion with the respective departments who will
be driving the same. Through a proper planning, the expenses can be reduced even further.
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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Chapter F: Dashboard
These are DUMMY DATA to show how the screenshots will look like in the combined report
that will be shared along with other districts.
159
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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160
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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161
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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162
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 79: Dashboard: Health Status Score in Households (all region type)
163
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 80: Dashboard: Financial Status Score in Households (all region type)
Exhibit 81: Dashboard: Socio Economic Status Score in Households (all region type)
164
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 82: Dashboard: Health Status Score in Industry (all region type)
Exhibit 83: Dashboard: Financial Status Score in Industry (all region type)
165
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
Exhibit 84: Dashboard: Socio-Economic Status Score in Industry (all region type)
166
Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
Lucknow District
4. References
1. Ministry of labour and employment, Government of India (2019). Annual Report
2019-20. Retrieved from
https://labour.gov.in/sites/default/files/Annual%20Report%20(English)%202019-
20.pdf
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Unorganized Sector Status and Plans
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from https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0957_PART_B_DCHB_GORAKHP
UR.pdf
10. Dr. K.J.S. Satyasai, Dr. Ashutosh Kumar (2020). NAFINDEX: Measure of Financial
Inclusion based on NABARD All India Rural Financial Inclusion Survey (NAFIS) Data,
NABARD Working Paper 2020-1.
168