Global Journal of Researches in Engineering: F

Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Volume 14 Issue 8 Version 1.0 Year 2014
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861

Transmission Line Fault Detection Using Android Application

Via Bluetooth
By MD Asaduzzaman Nur, Jahidul Islam, Md. Golam Mostofa
& Moshiul Alam Chowdhury
American International University, Bangladesh
Abstract- Technological advancement and its incorporation is playing significant in human life. In
present days, the demand on the electric power for the household, commercial and industrial
loads is increasing. Also, the management of electric power distribution system is becoming
more complex. Bluetooth based fault detection is a newly developing concept in the power
system fault detection. This is a part of smart grid. The system is designed to detect the
transmission line fault for the user to easily recognize the current condition of the distribution line.
The ultimate objective is to monitor the distribution line status continuously and hence to guard
the fault of distribution line due to the constraints such as overvoltage, under voltage, SLG, DLG
faults. If any of these does occurs then a user can easily detect the fault.
Keywords: microcontroller, transformer, ICE, bluetooth module, bridge rectifier, android
application.
GJRE-F Classification : FOR Code: 090609

TransmissionLineFaultDetectionUsingAndroidApplicationViaBluetooth

Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of :

© 2014. MD Asaduzzaman Nur, Jahidul Islam,Md. Golam Mostofa & Moshiul Alam Chowdhury. This is a research/review paper,
distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Transmission Line Fault Detection Using
Android Application Via Bluetooth
MD Asaduzzaman Nur α, Jahidul Islam σ , Md.Golam Mostofa ρ & Moshiul Alam Chowdhury Ѡ

Abstract- Technological advancement and its incorporation is

playing significant in human life. In present days, the demand
on the electric power for the household, commercial and

2014
industrial loads is increasing. Also, the management of electric
power distribution system is becoming more complex.

Year
Bluetooth based fault detection is a newly developing concept
in the power system fault detection. This is a part of smart grid.
The system is designed to detect the transmission line fault for
11
the user to easily recognize the current condition of the
distribution line. The ultimate objective is to monitor the

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XIV Issue VIII Version I

distribution line status continuously and hence to guard the
fault of distribution line due to the constraints such as
overvoltage, under voltage, SLG, DLG faults. If any of these
does occurs then a user can easily detect the fault. Figure 1 : Single Line to Ground fault
Keywords: microcontroller, transformer, ICE, bluetooth b) Line-to-Line Fault
module, bridge rectifier, android application. A short circuit between lines, caused
i. INTRODUCTION by ionization of air, or when lines come into physical
contact[1], for example due to a broken insulator. For a

P
rotection system’s main function is to clear faults Line-to-line fault, the currents will be high, because the
from the power system at high speed to ensure fault current is only limited by the inherent (natural)
safety, minimize equipment damage and maintain series impedance of the power system up to the point of
power system stability[2]. Protection of power systems faulty (refer Ohms law).
requires an understanding of system faults, their
detection, and safe isolation of the faulted device. By
taking an inventory of all the essential electrical loads
and doing a basic electrical load evaluation [2], an idea
regarding how much power our system needs to
produce has been obtained. We are also aware about
the power fluctuation situations also that means what
voltage minimum / maximum we are getting from the A.C
supply mains. In doing this project we would be using
concepts of microcontrollers, Bluetooth Module and
Android Application.
Figure 2 : Line to line fault
ii. FAULT TYPES AND PROTECTION c) Double- Line -to Ground Fault
a) Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Two lines come into contact with the ground
A short circuit between one line and ground, (and each other), also commonly due to stormy weather
very often caused by physical contact, for example due or some other means [1].
to lightning or other commomeans. The single line to
ground fault can occur in any of the three phases[1].
However, it is sufficient to analyze only one of the cases.

Author α σ ρ Ѡ: Student, Electrical and Electronic engineering

department, AIUB, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
e-mails: [email protected], [email protected],
[email protected], [email protected] Figure 3 : Double line to Ground Fault
© 20 14 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Transmission Line Fault Detection Using Android Application Via Bluetooth

d) Lower Voltage of transformers: Step up and step down transformer.

Low voltage is a relative term, the definition Step up transformer increases the magnitude of voltage
varying by context. Different definitions are used in while step down transformer decreasethe magnitude of
transmission and distribution line, and in the electronics voltage. Depending on the ratio of the number ofturns in
industry. Electrical safety codes define "low voltage" the primary & secondary winding a transformer is
circuits that are exempt from the protection required characterized as step up or step down. For this project
at higher voltages. These definitions vary by country purpose, considering 1Ф voltage to be around 220 V, 3
and specific code. Lower voltage is defined as incoming step down power transformer of rating 220/12 has been
line voltage at the point of use which is smaller than the used to represent a realistic representation of the 3Ф
Public Service Commission’s mandated legal limits; system.
and/or smaller than the voltage ratings of the connected
2014

equipment. Lower voltage is considered a safety hazard

by all industry standards and can cause premature
Year

failure of connected equipment. Devices could be

damaged by lower line voltage.
12
e) Over Voltage
Overvoltage is defined as incoming line
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XIV Issue VIII Version I

voltage at the point of use which is greater than

the Public Service Commission’s mandated legal limits;
and/or greater than the voltage ratings of the connected
equipment. Overvoltage is considered a safety hazard
by all industry standards, and can cause premature
failure of connected equipment. Overvoltage has been a
widely known industry problem for many years, but it is
not generally understood by many who have to deal with
it. Power companies have been unable to control it
adequately. Overvoltage occurs most often during
severe cold winter weather for the following reasons: (1)
Inadequate size of power distribution systems; (2) slow
reaction time for power company’s distribution systems Figure 5 : 220v/12v transformer
to regulate voltage during extreme load variations; and
b) Microcontroller ATMEGA 16
(3) abrupt reductions of loads.
Brain of this project is Atmega16 micro-
iii. BLOCK DIAGRAM ARRANGEMENT controller. It is a 8 bit Micro controller with RISC
architecture. Its speed is up to 16MIPS throughput at
In figure 4, the basic arrangement of the
16MHz. It has 16K bytes of flash and 512bytes
implemented project can be found.
EEPROM. Operating voltage 2.7v -5.5v, in active mode it
consumes only 1.1mA & in sleep mode it consumes
less than 1uA current which made it a perfect choice for
his project [3].

Figure 4 : Block diagram arrangement of the project

Among the major components required to
establish the project, few of them are the power
transformers (step down), microcontroller ATMEGA 16
and Bluetooth module ,Bridge rectifier.
a) Transformer
Transformer is an electrical device used to
step up and down the AC voltages. There are two types Figure 6 : Atmega16 microcontroller
© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)
 Transmission Line Fault Detection Using Android Application Via Bluetooth

c) Bluetooth module iv. SIMULATION

HC-06 has been used as Bluetooth module.
The Baud rate is 9600. Master and slave mode can’t be The initial stage, the circuits have been
switched in this Module. HC-06 module have paired designed and simulated in PROTEUS. The circuit have
memory to remember last slave device. The working been utilized to analyze the line to line, single line to
voltage is 3.3V, but it can work at 3.00-4.2v.The Current ground, double line to ground, open conductor, over
pairing 20~30mA, connected 8mA[5]. voltage and under voltage in the sides of the
transformer. The circuit diagram can be found in
figure 9.

2014 Year
13

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XIV Issue VIII Version I

Figure 7 : Bluetooth module HC-06

d) Bridge rectifier Figure 9 : Circuit Simulation

An AC power source is required for powering
major appliances but almost all electronic circuits v. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
require a steady DC supply. A simple rectifier circuit In reference to figure 4, the transmitting and
described in this project converts the input from AC receiving side can be described as follows:
source to DC voltage. Firstly, the AC input from mains is
stepped down to a lower value of voltage. This AC a) Transmitting side
supply is then passed through a rectifier circuit to Heart of the project is the microcontroller
remove the negative cycle of AC waveform. The ATMEGA 16. In general the normal distribution phase
resulting signal is then filtered to get the DC voltage is 220 V, in this project we used a step down
output. The major part of the circuit is connected to the transformer 220/12 V for converting the phase voltage
secondary coil of the transformer which is comprised by from 220 V to 12 V. Then, a bridge rectifier has been
diodes and capacitor. While the diodes act as a used for converting the 12 V ac to 12 V dc; after that,
rectifiers, capacitor filters out the DC component from applied voltage divider converts the 12 V to 5 V because
the circuit. the microcontroller works at maximum 5 V. By this
process the three distribution phase is connected into
three microcontroller pins. At cases, when the
distribution side is in load shedding protection of
transformer must be ensured, which is why the
microcontroller power is given from an external power
source (5 V battery) backup and also the Bluetooth
module power is given from external power source(4V
battery). Bluetooth module communicates with atmeg16
through UART. RXD of Bluetooth module is connected
with TXD of atmega16 and TXD of Bluetooth module is
connected to RXD of atmega16.
b) Receiving side
In receiver Side an Android Phone is connected
with Transmitting side via Bluetooth Module CI Android
Figure 8 : Bridge rectifier Apps[6]. At first we connect the android phone with HC-

© 20 14 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Transmission Line Fault Detection Using Android Application Via Bluetooth

06 and the password of the HC-06 is 1234 then android vi. FUTURE PROSPECTS
apps shows the data which is send by transmitting side.
The communication protocol is UART and baud rate is In view of a wide and Short range of possibilities
9600[4]. on the basis of Bluetooth based fault Detection system,
In view of the descriptions above, the a few has been depicted below:
implemented hardware can be found in figure 10. 1. Fault detection of a Generator and motor.
2. Improvements to human-machine interface.
3. Improvements in computer-based protection of Indu-
stry automation.
vii. CONCLUSION
2014

Microcontroller and Bluetooth based fault

Year

detection system is a reliable technique for monitoring

and controlling the electric distribution system, the
14 microcontroller works up to 100 ⁰C temperature. For
Short distance data transmission Bluetooth technology
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( F ) Volume XIV Issue VIII Version I

is a reliable and robust one. Any kind of fault occurring

Figure 10 : Implemented Hardware model in the distribution system results the Bluetooth modules
to send instant messages automatically to the nearest
user. Bluetooth based microcontroller Fault detection
system will serve as a reliable, easy and cost effective
solution for monitoring and controlling the electric
distribution system.

References Références Referencias

1. Md Asaduzzaman Nur, Mehdi Hasan Sourov, M. S.
Muhit & Md Khaled Hossain,’’ Fault Analysis and
Electrical Protection of Distribution Transformers” E-
Journal_GJRE_(F)_Vol_14_Issue_3.
2. V. Thiyagarajan & T.G. Palanivel ‘’AN
EFFICIENT MONITORING OF SUBSTATION-
Figure 11 : LCD status indicator SUSING MICROCONTROLLER BASED
MONITORING SYSTEM’’ IJRRAS 4 (1). July 2010.
As viewed from figure 10, the system was found
3. Datasheet of Atmega16" http://www.atmel.com/-
to be balanced three phase system. In figure 11, the
images/7766s.pdf”
corresponding representation appears in the LCD
4. Datasheet of Bluetooth module HC-06" http://www.-
display with the phase voltages in all the phases to be
micro4you.com/files/ElecFreaks/Bluetooth%20HC-
around 219 V. The view from Android Phone is also
06.pdf "
shown in figure 12.
5. Wadhwa, C. L. (2005). ‘’Electrical Power Systems’’.
New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers: New
Delhi. Pp. 656-657.
6. Google play store “Bluetooth module CI”.
7. Grainger, John J. (2003). Power System Analysis.
Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 380. ISBN 978-0-07-058515-7.

Figure 12 : Android Phone output

© 2014 Global Journals Inc. (US)