11/21/2018

ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY
Collage of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering CHAPTER 3
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MULTI-VIEW DRAWING
COURSE :ENGINEERING DRAWING [Meng3342]

Instructor: Demise Molawork (M.Sc.)

E-mail: [email protected]
Cellphone: +251-924-277-288
Office : BLDG 64
Room No.: 306

TOPICS
SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

CHOICE OF VIEWS

ONE VIEW, TWO VIEW AND THREE VIEW DRAWINGS 3.1

LAYING OUT DRAWINGS AND RELATION BETWEEN SYSTEM OF PROJECTION
HEIGHT, DEPTH AND WIDTH

LINE CONVENTION

PROJECTION OF CURVE ,INCLINDE, OBLIQUE AND

INTERSECTION AND TANGENTS

SYSTEM OF PROJECTION SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

A plane of projection (POP) is a plane on which a particular

view is projected.
Three such planes, perpendicular to each other, are called
principal planes or reference planes (RP).
 When the observer looks at the object from the front, the
view obtained is called the front view or elevation and is
seen on the vertical plane (VP)/ frontal plane (FP).

 When the observer looks at the object from above, the view
obtained is called top view or plan and is seen on the
horizontal plane (HP).
 When the observer looks at the object from side, i.e., from
his left-hand side or right-hand side, the view obtained is
called side view and is seen on the profile plane (PP).

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SYSTEM OF PROJECTION SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

First Angle Projection: the object is placed in the first
quadrant. This means that the Vertical Plane is behind the
object and the Horizontal Plane is underneath the object.

 The object lies in between the observer and the planes

of projection.

Third Angle Projection: The Object is placed in the Third

Quadrant. This means that the Vertical Plane is in front of
the object and the Horizontal Plane is above the object.

 The Plane of projection lie between the object and the

observer.

SYSTEM OF PROJECTION SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

1. First angle system 1st angle system 3rd angle system
- European country
- ISO standard First Quadrant

2. Third angle system

- Canada, USA,
Japan, Thailand

Third
Quadrant

SYSTEM OF PROJECTION SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

1st angle system 3rd angle system 1st angle system 3rd angle system

Folding
line Right Side View Front View Top View

Folding
line
Folding Top View Front View Right Side View
line

Folding
line

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SYSTEM OF PROJECTION SYSTEM OF PROJECTION

Projection Symbols Projection Symbols
First angle system Third angle system
Suggested proportion

d 1.7d

2.2d

CHOICE OF VIEWS
 Most commonly used views
 Front View

3.2  Top View

CHOICE OF VIEWS  Right Side View

 Steps for Choice of views
 Orient the object to the best position
 Select the front view
 Select adjacent views
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CHOICE OF VIEWS CHOICE OF VIEWS

STEP 2 : Select a Front View
STEP 1 : Orient the Object
Most descriptive view is typically designated as the Front View
The object should be placed in its natural position.
The object’s longest dimension should be presented as a width.
The object should presents its features in actual size and
shape in orthographic views.
First choice Second choice
GOOD NO ! Waste more space

Inappropriate GOOD

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CHOICE OF VIEWS CHOICE OF VIEWS

STEP 2 : Select a Front View STEP 2 : Select a Front View

Choose the view that have the fewest number of
The adjacent views that are projected from the selected
hidden lines.
front view should appear in its natural position.

Inappropriate

GOOD Inappropriate

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CHOICE OF VIEWS CHOICE OF VIEWS

STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the view that have the fewest number of hidden lines. Choose the minimum number of views that can represent
the major features of the object.
Necessary
GOOD Hole’s location can be specified
on the same view.
Easy to understand

Difficult to interprete.

Inappropriate

GOOD
Inappropriate
21
Necessary 22

CHOICE OF VIEWS CHOICE OF VIEWS

STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View STEP 3 : Select an Adjacent View
Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing space. Choose the views that are suitable to a drawing space.

POOR GOOD

Not enough space

for dimensioning.

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CHOICE OF VIEWS
Example : View selection

mislead to…

D
F.V.
H W
3.3
D
ONE VIEW, TWO VIEW AND
W
THREE VIEW DRAWINGS
H

F.V. & T.V. Three views F.V. & R.S.V.

Size description   
Shape description    25

ONE-VIEW DRAWING ONE-VIEW DRAWING

Thin objects can be described with only one view: Simple objects can be described with one views
Depth is given in a note
eg. Cylindrical-shaped part.
eg. Flat part having a uniform thickness.
Unnecessary

Repeat !

1 Thick

Unnecessary These 2 views provide only information

Unnecessary
about the part thickness !
27 28

TWO-VIEW DRAWING TWO-VIEW DRAWING

There exists an identical view. The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object.

Repeat !

Unnecessary

Unnecessary
29 30

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TWO-VIEW DRAWING THREE-VIEW DRAWING

The 3rd view has no significant contours of the object. Complex objects require three views to describe its
shape
Necessary
Hole’s location can be specified
on the same view.
Easy to understand

Difficult to interprete.

Unnecessary
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Necessary 32

THREE-VIEW DRAWING
Complex objects require three views to describe its shape

3.4
LAYING OUT DRAWINGS

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LAYING OUT DRAWINGS LAYING OUT DRAWINGS

Views should be visually balanced within the working space
Hand Layout of a metric three-view drawing
STEP 1
Draw border (20mm 5

from left and 5 mm

from each 3 sides) and Border line
title block using light
construction lines 20

A4 5

28

35 5 36

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STEP 2 STEP 3
Determine space desired between the front and right-side views (C), and front Set off vertical and horizontal spacing measurements with
and Top views (C) say 20 or 30 mm. Add light tick marks along the edge of the sheet and draw
construction lines

Dimension take
from the object
To set equal distances to the
paper edge, subtract this total 1st Angle
from the sheet width (Ws), Projection
and height (Hs) then divide
the remaining number by two.
A = (Ws - H)/2
B = (Hs - V)/2
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STEP 3
Set off vertical and horizontal spacing measurements with STEP 4
light tick marks along the edge of the sheet and draw Construct the views : add hidden lines and darken final lines.
construction lines

Dimension take 1st Angle

from the object Projection

3rd Angle
Projection

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STEP 4 LAYING OUT DRAWINGS

Construct the views : add hidden lines and darken final lines.
1st Angle Projection

3rd Angle
Projection

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R/N B/N HEIGHT, DEPTH AND WIDTH

LAYING OUT DRAWINGS
The three-view drawing is the standard used in engineering,
3rd Angle Projection
as normally other three principal views are mirror images.
The standard views – TOP, FRONT and RIGHT.
All objects have 3 dimensions
 Height : Distance
from top to bottom

 Width : Distance
from side to side

 Depth: Distance
from the front to
back
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R/N B/N HEIGHT, DEPTH AND WIDTH R/N B/N HEIGHT, DEPTH AND WIDTH
 The width dimensions are aligned between the
Top View
front and top view using vertical projection lines.

Depth
 The height dimensions are aligned between the
front and side views, using horizontal projection
Width
lines.
 The depth dimensions are aligned between top Front View RS.View

and side views, using scale, miter line or compass.

Height
Height

45 Width Depth 46

PRECEDENCE OF LINE
Order of Visible Hidden Center
importance line line line

3.5.
LINE CONVENTION

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HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

Hidden line should join a visible line, except it Hidden line should join a visible line, except it
extended from the visible line. extended from the visible line.
Leave
space Leave Leave
space space

Correct
Join

No !
Correct No !

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

Hidden line should intersect to form L and T Hidden arcs should start on a center line.
corners.

L T Correct

No !

HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE HIDDEN LINE PRACTICE

 Make a hidden line “jump” a  Draw parallel hidden lines so  When two or three hidden  The same rule of joining the
visible line when possible. that the dashes are staggered, lines meet at a point, join the dashes when two or three hidden
as in bricklaying. dashes, as shown for the lines meet at a point applies for
bottom of this drilled hole. the top of this countersunk hole..

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CENTER LINE PRACTICE CENTER LINE PRACTICE

In circular view, short dash should cross at the
Leave the gap when centerline forms a
intersections of center line.
continuation with a visible or hidden line
For small hole, center line is presented as thin
Center line should always start and end with
continuous line.
long dash.
Center line should not extend between views. Leave Leave Leave
space space space

Leave
space

Leave space Leave space

PROJECTION OF CURVED EDGES

• Curved edges project as straight lines on the
plane to which they are perpendicular
3.6. • Curved edges project as curved lines on the
PROJECTION OF CURVE planes to which they are parallel or inclined
,INCLINDE, OBLIQUE AND
INTERSECTION AND TANGENTS

PROJECTION OF NORMAL SURFACES PROJECTION OF INCLINED SURFACES

Normal surfaces appear as an edge in two • Inclined surfaces appear as an edge in two opposite
opposite principal views, and appear a principal views, and appear foreshortened (not true size)
surface in all other principal views. in all other principal views.

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PROJECTION OF INTERSECTIONS &

PROJECTION OF OBLIQUE SURFACES TANGENCIES
• Oblique surfaces do not appear either as an • Where a curved surface is tangent to a plane
edge or true size in any principal view. surface, no line should be shown where they join

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PROJECTION OF INTERSECTIONS & PROJECTION OF INTERSECTIONS &

TANGENCIES TANGENCIES
• Where a plane surface intersects a curved
• Where the plane surface is horizontal or
surface, an edge is formed
vertical, exceptions to these rules may occur

Example 2. Using the first angle projection system,

Example 1. Using the first angle projection system, draw the three principal view of the object whose
draw the three principal view of the object whose pictorial drawings are given below.
pictorial drawings are given below.

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