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Reservoir Engineering-1 Unit 1

The document provides an overview of reservoir engineering concepts. It discusses reservoir engineering roles such as generating reserve estimates and managing reservoirs for economic return. It also covers reservoir rock and fluid properties, factors that impact fluid flow like permeability and wettability, fluid properties, pressures within reservoirs, and classification of reservoir types based on PVT behavior. Determining PVT parameters involves flash expansion and differential expansion of fluid samples.

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PE9001 Aarthi
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153 views21 pages

Reservoir Engineering-1 Unit 1

The document provides an overview of reservoir engineering concepts. It discusses reservoir engineering roles such as generating reserve estimates and managing reservoirs for economic return. It also covers reservoir rock and fluid properties, factors that impact fluid flow like permeability and wettability, fluid properties, pressures within reservoirs, and classification of reservoir types based on PVT behavior. Determining PVT parameters involves flash expansion and differential expansion of fluid samples.

Uploaded by

PE9001 Aarthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PE 8503

Reservoir Engineering - I
Chapter 1
What do you mean by reservoir Engineering?
● Study of drainage problems occuring during the development & production
oil well fluids to obtain high recovery.
● Subsurface Geology +Basic PCM + Understanding the laws governing
the behaviour of well liquids & gases.

Roles of the reservoir Engineer:


- Generating accurate reserve estimate of the oil deposits in the reservoir.

- Numerical reservoir modelling, Well planning, Forecast


- Field Development Planning, Efficient water flooding, Injection schemes.

2
Estimating the reservoir size and Quantity

Managing the reservoir & economic return from the reservoir.

What are Data types?

Information derived from formation lithology.

- Includes rock data types & Fluid data types

3
Coring:

Process of recovering samples from the formation for study of reservoir data
types.

Reservoir Rock:
- Porous Storage medium with interconnected pores with the ablity of the fluid
to flow.

Reservoir fluid:
- Fluids stored in the reservoir which is formed by the process of deposition.
4
Oil & Gas Properties
-Dead organic matter - Sedimentation - Kerogen - Reservoir Fluid

- Flows as that of the other fluids but the flow rate is determined with respect to
Temperature & Pressure.

Properties of Natural Gas:


1. Molecular weight

2. Standard Volume

3. Specific Volume

5
5. Density

6. Specific Gravity

7. Gas compressibility

8. Viscosity

9. Gas formation Volume factor

6
Properties of Crude Oil:

1. Oil Density

2. Specific gravity of oil

3. Gas solubility

4. Oil Viscosity

5. Oil Formation Volume Factor

6. Bubble point pressure

7
Properties of Formation water:
1. Gas solubility

Kinetic theory of Gases:

- Equation of State (EOS)


- Compressibility factor (Z Factor)

8
Petroleum Production systems
- Facilitates the transport of the fluid from suburface to surface through the well &
Connected systems.
- This includes:
- Reservoir
- Well Bore
- Tubing
- Well head, Flow line, Processing
- Separator, Valves, Compressor
- Artificial Lift

9
Formation Volume Factors
- Used for converting the units of volume from reservoir conditions to standard
conditions
1. Oil Formation Volume Factor
- Ratio of Volume of the oil in reservoir conditions to the volume of the oil in
standard conditions
2. Gas Formation Volume Factor
- Ratio of Volume of the gas in reservoir conditions to the volume of the oil in
standard conditions
3. Water formation Volume factor
- Ratio of Volume of the gas in reservoir conditions to the volume of the oil in
standard conditions
10
Pressures in Reservoirs
1. Pore pressure

Pressure exerted by the fluids on the pores

2. Formation Pressure

Pressure exerted by the formation pore fluids on the formation

3. Overburden Pressure

Sum of rock matrix stress, pore pressure and pore fluid pressure

4. Effective overburden Pressure

Difference between overburden pressure & pore pressure.

11
Compressibility Factor
- Rock Compressibility
- Pore compressibility
- Bulk Compressibility
- Total Compressibility

12
Relationship between Wettability & Contact angle
Wettability - Ability of the fluid to wet the solid phase in the presence of second
immiscible phase.

- Neutral wettability
- Fractional wettability
- H eterogeneous wettability

Contact angle - Angle between two fluids in contact with solid phase.

- Oil wet
- Water wet
- Gas wet
13
Relationship between Contact angle & Interfacial Tension

- Contact angle is the measure of wettability of the rock fluid system and it is related
to interfacial tension
- Interfacial tension is the force acting between the fluids when it interacts with the
solid surface.

Think?

- Permeability
- Absolute Permeability
- Effective Permeability
- Relative Permeability

14
Let’s Define
Formation Resistivity

Fluid Saturation

- Oil saturation
- Water Saturation
- Gas Saturation

Connate Water Saturation

Residual Oil Saturation

15
Relationship between Resistivity Index, Capillary Pressure & Wettability

● Resisitivity Index - Ratio between true resistivity to the resistivity of the rock
filled with water
● True Resistivity - Resistivity of the undisturbed formation.
● Resistivity Index is related to the water saturation by the saturation exponent
● Capillary pressure - Pressure difference between two immiscible fluids.
● Occurs at the curvature between wetting and non-wetting phases, where the
pressure difference is caused.

16
Hysteresis Curve
- Primary Drainage

- Imbibition

- Hysteresis

- Entrapped Saturation

- Irreducible Saturation
17
Capillary Pressure
- Depends on the direction of the
saturation change
- Capillary rise experienced by
wetting phase, water
- Capillary fall experienced by
Non-wetting phase, Oil/Gas
- Capillary pressure increases as the
fluid saturation increases.

18
Classification of reservoirs
- Single Phase reservoirs
- Retrograde Gas Condensate Reservoirs
- Undersaturated reservoirs
- Saturated Reservoirs

- Bubble Point
- Dew Point
- Cricondentherm Temperature
- Critical Point
Types of Reservoir Fluids based on PVT behaviour
- General (Single & Multi Component )

- Black Oil

- Volatile Oil

- Wet gas

- Dry Gas

- Retrograde gas Condensate

20
Determination Of PVT Parameters
Involves three stages:
1. Flash Expansion of the fluid sample to
determine the Fluid Bubble point Pressure

2. Differential Expansion of the fluid sample


to determine the basic parameters.

3. Flash expansion of the fluid samples


through various separator conditions to
modify the laboratory derived PVT
parameters to match the fluid separator
conditions.

21

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