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Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to identify patterns in data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. There are several types of machine learning including supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning which provides feedback to optimize decisions. Machine learning algorithms can be applied to problems like predicting patient risk levels, credit card application approvals, and recruiting by matching candidate resumes to job descriptions.

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Rishab Jain 2027203
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24 views

Machine Learning

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to identify patterns in data and make predictions without being explicitly programmed. There are several types of machine learning including supervised learning which uses labeled training data, unsupervised learning which finds patterns in unlabeled data, and reinforcement learning which provides feedback to optimize decisions. Machine learning algorithms can be applied to problems like predicting patient risk levels, credit card application approvals, and recruiting by matching candidate resumes to job descriptions.

Uploaded by

Rishab Jain 2027203
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Learning

What is machine learning?


•Machine learning is the idea that there are generic algorithms that can
tell you something interesting about a set of data without you having
to write any custom code specific to the problem.
•Instead of writing code, you feed data to the generic algorithm and it
builds its own logic based on the data.
•Machine Learning (ML) encompasses a lot of things. The field is vast
and is expanding rapidly. It is a branch of Artificial Intelligence(AI).
Loosely speaking, ML is the field of study that gives computer
algorithms the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed.
The outcome we want from our computer algorithm is PREDICTION.
This is different from our previous problems where we wanted the
algorithm to solve a specific problem such as finding the best web page
Machine Learning Types
•Supervised Learning
•Uses labeled data
•Results compared with the correct answer.
•Requires large amounts of data to refine the model and produce more accurate
results.
•Common Techniques: Classification , Regression
•Use Cases: Fraud Detection, Image Recognition
•Unsupervised Learning
•Working with unlabeled data.
•A learning algorithms is used to detect patterns
•Most common unsupervised learning technique is clustering which takes
unlabeled data and uses algorithms to put similar items into groups.
•Use cases: Customer segmentation, sentiment analysis
Reinforcement Learning
•Through this trial-and-error process
•learning was improved based on positive and negative reinforcement.
•Use Cases : Games, Robotics
An example application
•An emergency room in a hospital measures 17 variables (e.g., blood pressure,
age, etc.) of newly admitted patients.
•A decision is needed: whether to put a new patient in an intensive-care unit.
•Due to the high cost of ICU, those patients who may survive less than a month
are given higher priority.
•Problem: to predict high-risk patients and discriminate them from low-risk
patients.

8
Another application
•A credit card company receives thousands of applications for new cards. Each
application contains information about an applicant,
•age
•Marital status
•annual salary
•outstanding debts
•credit rating
•etc.
•Problem: to decide whether an application should be approved, or to classify
applications into two categories, approved and not approved.

CS583, Bing Liu, UIC 9


Machine learning
•Like human learning from past experiences.
•A computer does not have “experiences”.
•A computer system learns from data, which represent some “past
experiences” of an application domain.
•Our focus: learn a target function that can be used to predict the values of a
discrete class attribute, e.g., approve or not-approved, and high-risk or low
risk.
•The task is commonly called: Supervised learning, classification, or inductive
learning.

CS583, Bing Liu, UIC 10


Recruiting – CV matching
Example: Shortlist candidates during recruiting
1.Do you need machine learning?
•Hundreds of applications per job opening
•Manual effort to read CVs and screen candidates
2.Can you formulate your problem clearly?
•Given a candidate’s CV and a job description, predict suitability
•Input: CV and job description; output: yes/no
3. Do you have sufficient examples?
•Large volume of previous job applications, job descriptions, and whether candidate
was invited for interview
Recruiting – CV matching (Cont’d)
4. Does your problem have a regular pattern?
•Required skills in job description should match experience in CV
•Good CVs have no typos, are neither too long nor too short, etc.
5. Can you find meaningful representations of your data?
•Represent CVs and job descriptions as vector of features that measure similarity
and match
•Label is whether the candidate was invited for interview
6. How do you define success?
•Measure precision and recall of correct predictions

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