Scribd
Upload
106 views2 pages

Baltic 2014 P

The document contains 20 math problems to be solved in 4 hours and 30 minutes. The problems cover a range of mathematical topics including trigonometry, inequalities, functions, combinatorics, number theory, and sequences. Pencils and paper are the only tools allowed.

Uploaded by

george
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
106 views2 pages

Baltic 2014 P

The document contains 20 math problems to be solved in 4 hours and 30 minutes. The problems cover a range of mathematical topics including trigonometry, inequalities, functions, combinatorics, number theory, and sequences. Pencils and paper are the only tools allowed.

Uploaded by

george
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Baltic Way

8 November 2014, Vilnius Language: English

Time allowed: 4 hours and 30 minutes.


Tools for writing and drawing are the only ones allowed.

Problem 1. Show that


1
cos(56◦ ) · cos(2 · 56◦ ) · cos(22 · 56◦ ) · . . . · cos(223 · 56◦ ) = .
224
Problem 2. Let a0 , a1 , . . . , aN be real numbers satisfying a0 = aN = 0 and

ai+1 − 2ai + ai−1 = a2i

for i = 1, 2, . . . , N − 1. Prove that ai 6 0 for i = 1, 2, . . . , N − 1.


1 1 1
Problem 3. Positive real numbers a, b, c satisfy a + b + c = 3. Prove the inequality

1 1 1 3
√ +√ +√ 6√ .
a3 +b b3+c 3
c +a 2
Problem 4. Find all functions f defined on all real numbers and taking real values such that

f (f (y)) + f (x − y) = f (xf (y) − x)

for all real numbers x, y.

Problem 5. Given positive real numbers a, b, c, d that satisfy equalities

a2 + d2 − ad = b2 + c2 + bc and a2 + b2 = c2 + d2 ,
ab+cd
find all possible values of the expression ad+bc .

Problem 6. In how many ways can we paint 16 seats in a row, each red or green, in such a way that the
number of consecutive seats painted in the same colour is always odd?

Problem 7. Let p1 , p2 , . . . , p30 be a permutation of the numbers 1, 2, . . . , 30. For how many permutations
30
P
does the equality |pk − k| = 450 hold?
k=1

Problem 8. Albert and Betty are playing the following game. There are 100 blue balls in a red bowl
and 100 red balls in a blue bowl. In each turn a player must make one of the following moves:

a) Take two red balls from the blue bowl and put them in the red bowl.

b) Take two blue balls from the red bowl and put them in the blue bowl.

c) Take two balls of different colors from one bowl and throw the balls away.

They take alternate turns and Albert starts. The player who first takes the last red ball from the blue
bowl or the last blue ball from the red bowl wins. Determine who has a winning strategy.

1
Baltic Way
8 November 2014, Vilnius Language: English

Problem 9. What is the least posssible number of cells that can be marked on an n × n board such that
for each m > n2 both diagonals of any m × m sub-board contain a marked cell?
Problem 10. In a country there are 100 airports. Super-Air operates direct flights between some pairs of
airports (in both directions). The traffic of an airport is the number of airports it has a direct Super-Air
connection with. A new company, Concur-Air, establishes a direct flight between two airports if and only
if the sum of their traffics is at least 100. It turns out that there exists a round-trip of Concur-Air flights
that lands in every airport exactly once. Show that then there also exists a round-trip of Super-Air flights
that lands in every airport exactly once.
Problem 11. Let Γ be the circumcircle of an acute triangle ABC. The perpendicular to AB from C
meets AB at D and Γ again at E. The bisector of angle C meets AB at F and Γ again at G. The line
GD meets Γ again at H and the line HF meets Γ again at I. Prove that AI = EB.
Problem 12. Triangle ABC is given. Let M be the midpoint of the segment AB and T be the midpoint
of the arc BC not containing A of the circumcircle of ABC. The point K inside the triangle ABC is such
that M AT K is an isosceles trapezoid with AT ||M K. Show that AK = KC.
Problem 13. Let ABCD be a square inscribed in a circle ω and let P be a point on the shorter arc AB
of ω. Let CP ∩ BD = R and DP ∩ AC = S. Show that triangles ARB and DSR have equal areas.
Problem 14. Let ABCD be a convex quadrilateral such that the line BD bisects the angle ABC. The
circumcircle of triangle ABC intersects the sides AD and CD in the points P and Q, respectively. The
line through D and parallel to AC intersects the lines BC and BA at the points R and S, respectively.
Prove that the points P , Q, R and S lie on a common circle.
Problem 15. The sum of the angles A and C of a convex quadrilateral ABCD is less than 180◦ . Prove
that
AB · CD + AD · BC < AC(AB + AD).
Problem 16. Determine whether 712! + 1 is a prime number.
Problem 17. Do there exist pairwise distinct rational numbers x, y and z such that
1 1 1
+ + = 2014?
(x − y)2 (y − z)2 (z − x)2
Problem 18. Let p be a prime number, and let n be a positive integer. Find the number of quadruples
(a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 ) with ai ∈ {0, 1, . . . , pn − 1} for i = 1, 2, 3, 4 such that
pn | (a1 a2 + a3 a4 + 1).
Problem 19. Let m and n be relatively prime positive integers. Determine all possible values of
2 +mn+n2
gcd(2m − 2n , 2m − 1).
Problem 20. Consider a sequence of positive integers a1 , a2 , a3 , . . . such that for k > 2 we have
ak + ak−1
ak+1 = ,
2015i
where 2015i is the maximal power of 2015 that divides ak + ak−1 . Prove that if this sequence is periodic
then its period is divisible by 3.

You might also like