UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL

___________________________________________________________________________

Program : Bachelor of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical (EM220/EM221)

Course : Applied Mechanics Lab 
Code : MEC 424
Lecturer : EN. Wan Sulaiman
Group : EMD4M4A2 (Group 1)
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MEC 424 - LABORATORY REPORT

FORCED VIBRATION EXPERIMENT – RESONANCE OF SPRING –

TITLE : DASHSPOT SYSTEM WITH SPRING

NO NAME STUDENT ID
1 AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN 2020453094
2 ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN 2020859762
3 CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER 2020816658
4 FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID 2020884712
5 MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK 2020879092

Marking Scheme

No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
1
2
3
4
5

ABSTRACT
 Force vibration is the frequency of the force applied in order of magnitude dependent
on the mechanical system. This experiment of resonance of spring-dashpot system with
spring is to determine the resonance in different damping conditions. The system will vibrate
at the excitation frequency when the excitation is oscillatory. Resonance will occur if the
frequency of excitation coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the system and
dangerously large oscillations may result. The failure of major structures such as bridges,
buildings, or airplane wings is an awesome possibility under resonance. Resonance is the
vibration of large amplitude in a mechanical or electrical system caused by a relatively small
periodic stimulus of the same as the natural period of system. The system will oscillate at a
higher amplitude as an oscillating force is applied at a resonant frequency of a dynamic
system which the same force is applied at non-resonant frequencies. Furthermore, if the
energy was pumped efficiently into the mass and the spring, the energy source needs to
provide the energy in equal rate to the natural frequency. The result of this experiment will be
recorded in graph as 1Hz increments are appropriate in the range between 4 until 10Hz and
0.2 to 0.5 Hz increments when close to resonance. It was discovered that the frequency of
external force exerted on a device oscillates with the frequency of the force exerted. The
characteristics of each frequency acting on the device change over time, eventually reaching a
point of resonance. The resonance becomes unstable or malfunctions when the frequencies
match. The motion is dampened and the excess energy is dissipated when a damper is
present. The driver's energy is passed to the powered machine. The powered system's
amplitude will increase, vibrating in transient mode until it reaches steady state, where it will
vibrate gradually.

INTRODUCTION
Forced vibration is vibration that takes place under excitation of external forces. The
system will vibrate at the excitation frequency when the excitation is oscillatory. Resonance
will occur if the frequency of excitation coincides with one of the natural frequencies of the
system and dangerously large oscillations may result. The failure of major structures such as
bridges, buildings, or airplane wings is an awesome possibility under resonance.
3.0 Theory
Forced vibration
Vibration happened in the motion of back and forth of a medium that results any
medium or a system to displaced from its original position and allowed the external or
internal forces to restore to its equilibrium.

Vibrations can be split into two category, free vibration and forced vibration. Free
vibration is when a medium or a system was moved momentarily and then we leave it to
move or so called vibrate without any restraint. For example, a weight is attached to a spring,
when the weight is release from rest, the system will vibrate vertically as a respond without
any external force acting on it.

For a forced vibration, the easiest way to relate and explain this is by putting the word
resonance. When the external frequency matches the natural frequency, the system will start
to vibrate. It will also cause a growth in the amplitude. For example, an opera singer singing
in a high pitch, when it matches the natural frequency of a glass, it will vibrate, if the pitch or
frequency goes higher the glass will break. Another example is when a kid is playing on a
swing, we pushed the swing at the same frequency, thus it will make it swing higher than
before.

The formula shown below is the one used to determine the resonance of Spring-
Dashpot System in different damping conditions.

Formula 1: Equation of motion found from the free-body diagram

 From the formula 1 obtained, we must find each of the equivalent function which is
the equivalent mass, equivalent damping constant, equivalent spring constant.

Formula 2 & 3: To find parallel axis theorem & natural frequency

Formula 4: Damping Ratio

After all the values is calculated, when we plot the graph of amplitude ratio versus
frequency ratio. We should obtain the graph as below:

Graph of Amplitude ratio versus Frequency ratio

4.0 Apparatus

Figure 1: Universal system vibration apparatus (TM 155)

Figure 2: Control Unit (TM150)

 Figure 3: Universal system vibration apparatus (TM 155)

1. Body
2. Frame
3. Control Unit
4. Mechanical Recorder
5. Spring
6. Unbalance Exciter
7. Beam
8. Damper
PROCEDURE
Condition 1: No Damped (650mm)
1) The apparatus was set up except the damped.
2) The mechanical recorder was set up at the centre of the graph using adjuster.
3) The motor was run after the control unit was set 0Hz.
4) The vibration wave was plotted on the graph paper.
5) The data was taken from the graph.
6) The step 3-5 was repeated for 1Hz until 14Hz but between 8Hz until 9Hz, the frequency was
follow with 8.1Hz until 8.9Hz.
Condition 2: Damped – Open (150mm)
1) The apparatus was set up.
2) The distance of damped was set up 150mm from the beam fulcrum.
3) The mechanical recorder was set up at the centre of the graph using adjuster.
4) The bolt of damped was opened before run the motor.
5) The control unit was set 0Hz and the motor was run.
6) The vibration wave was plotted on the graph paper.
7) The data was taken from the graph.
8) The step 5-7 was repeated for 1Hz until 14Hz but between 8Hz until 9Hz, the frequency was
follow with 8.1Hz until 8.9Hz.
Condition 3: Damped – Close (150mm)
1) All apparatus was set up.
2) The distance of damped was set up 150mm from the beam fulcrum.
3) The mechanical recorder was set up at the centre of the graph using adjuster.
4) The bolt of damped was closed before run the motor.
5) The control unit was set 0Hz and the motor was run.
6) The vibration wave was plotted on the graph paper.
7) The data was taken from the graph.
8) The step 5-7 was repeated for 1Hz until 14Hz but between 8Hz until 9Hz, the frequency was
following with 8.1Hz until 8.9Hz.
Condition 4: Damped – Closed (550mm)
1) All apparatus was set up.
2) The distance of damped was set up 550mm from the beam fulcrum.
3) The mechanical recorder was set up at the centre of the graph using adjuster.
4) The bolt of damped was closed before running the motor.
5) The control unit was set 0Hz and the motor was run.
6) The vibration wave was plotted on the graph paper.
7) The data was taken from the graph.
8) The step 5-7 was repeated for 1Hz until 14Hz but between 8Hz until 9Hz, the frequency was
following with 8.1Hz until 8.9Hz.
REFERENCE

1. Force vibration. Received from

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/
2. Resonance, damping and frequency response. Received from
https://derangedphysiology.com/
3. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (2020, April 06). Vibration. Retrieved June 15, 2020,
from https://www.britannica.com/science/vibration/
4. Kanani, M. (2017, April 03). Force Damped Vibrations. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from
https://www.slideshare.net/ManthanKanani1/force-damped-vibrations
5. Ramírez, A., & Zehe, A. (2005). Forced Vibration. Retrieved June 15, 2020, from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/forced-vibration
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name : AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN ( 2020453094 )
Member’s Name 1 : ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN ( 2020859762 )
2 : CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER ( 2020816658 )
3 : FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID ( 2020884712 )
4 : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK ( 2020879092 )
Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5

I did my assigned work well and always on time 4 5 5 5 5

I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5

I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5

I was very committed and focused in my team 4 5 5 5 5

I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5

I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 4 5 5 5 5

I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5

I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 5 5 5 5 5

Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5

Total 47 50 50 50 50

Comment
Self: AKMAL HAKIM - Need more effort to be excellent in all group assigned.
Member 1: ANIS ATHIRAH - Very supportive and helpful member.
Member 2: CHE NUR AFIQAH - Response well and helpful member.
Member 3: FARIS HAMY - Good leadership and fast respond in group while discussion.
Member 4: AIMAN - Nice work and being a great contributed in group
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name : ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN ( 2020859762 )
Member’s Name 1 : AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN ( 2020453094 )
2 : CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER ( 2020816658 )
3 : FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID ( 2020884712 )
4 : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK ( 2020879092 )
Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5

I did my assigned work well and always on time 4 5 5 5 5

I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5

I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5

I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5

I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5

I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 4 5 5 5 5

I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 5 5 5 5 5

I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 4 5 5 5 5

Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5

Total 47 50 50 50 50

Comment
Self: ANIS ATHIRAH – Need to contribute more in provide solution.
Member 1: AKMAL HAKIM – Great in problem solving.
Member 2: CHE NUR AFIQAH – Being helpful to the groups.
Member 3: FARIS HAMY – Good at leading the group for discussion and making decisions wisely.
Member 4: AIMAN – Responded well and very helpful in solving problems.
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name : CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER ( 2020816658 )
Member’s Name 1 : AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN ( 2020453094 )
2 : ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN ( 2020859762 )
3 : FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID ( 2020884712 )
4 : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK ( 2020879092 )
Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5

I did my assigned work well and always on time 4 5 5 5 5

I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5

I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5

I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5

I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5

I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5

I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 4 5 5 5 5

I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 4 5 5 5 5

Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5

Total 47 50 50 50 50

Comment
Self: CHE NUR AFIQAH - Require communication skill improvement. 
Member 1: AKMAL HAKIM - Committed towards each task.
Member 2: ANIS ATHIRAH - Great at managing time.
Member 3: FARIS HAMY - Great at task delegation and leadership.
Member 4: AIMAN - Great contributions during discussion.
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name : FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID ( 2020884712 )
Member’s Name 1 : ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN ( 2020859762 )
2 : CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER ( 2020816658 )
3 : AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN ( 2020453094 )
4 : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK ( 2020879092 )
Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 5 5 5 5 5

I did my assigned work well and always on time 4 5 5 5 5

I was fair to my teammates and myself 4 5 5 5 5

I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5

I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5

I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5

I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 5 5 5 5 5

I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 4 5 5 5 5

I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 4 5 5 5 5

Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 5 5 5 5 5

Total 46 50 50 50 50

Comment
Self: FARIS HAMY - Need to check the group discussion more often.
Member 1: ANIS ATHIRAH - Helpful to teammates.
Member 2: CHE NUR AFIQAH - Concerned about others work.
Member 3: AKMAL HAKIM - Very hard working.
Member 4: AIMAN - Responded to discussion on time.
 FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Teamwork Assessment Form
Name : MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN ISHAK ( 2020879092 )
Member’s Name 1 : ANIS ATHIRAH BINTI ZAILAN ( 2020859762 )
2 : CHE NUR AFIQAH BINTI CHE HAIDER ( 2020816658 )
3 : FARIS HAMY BIN MUHAMAD FARID ( 2020884712 )
4 : AKMAL HAKIM BIN ZAINUDDIN ( 2020453094 )
Scale 1 2 3 4 5

Level Poor Acceptable Excellent

You will rate yourself and your team’s member on the following criteria

Earned Assessment
Element Members
Self
1 2 3 4
I was ready to work with my team 4 5 5 5 5

I did my assigned work well and always on time 5 5 5 5 5

I was fair to my teammates and myself 5 5 5 5 5

I listened to others appreciatively and was supportive 5 5 5 5 5

I was very committed and focused in my team 5 5 5 5 5

I put extra efforts to finish or accomplish our task 5 5 5 5 5

I encouraged others in my team and was helpful 4 5 5 5 5

I managed and coordinated team efforts effectively 3 5 5 5 5

I was able to lead discussions and provide solutions 4 5 5 5 5

Overall, I was very satisfied and enjoyed my work 4 5 5 5 5

Total 44 50 50 50 50

Comment
Self: AIMAN - Need to put more efforts.
Member 1: ANIS ATHIRAH - Helpful and responded very well in discussion.
Member 2: CHE NUR AFIQAH - Very committed and did the assign work on time.
Member 3: FARIS HAMY - Good leading and put extra efforts on assignment.
Member 4: AKMAL HAKIM - Hard working and able to manage time perfectly.