Christian D.

Diño Grade 12- Zeus

Task 3 (Week 3-5)

Conceptual Literature

On Attitude towards Academic Performance

Every student put so much effort and attention to their studies at school just to pass the semester. In
order to achieve this, they need to comply all the necessary requirements they may encounter to have a
better academic performance. Having good quality of study habits and attitude in learning could bring a
student to a academic performance they want to have.

Education is one of the vital aspects that not only instill the essential skills, abilities and knowledge
among the individuals, but also leads to overall growth and progress of the individuals, community and
nation as a whole. An educated person is not only able to achieve his desired goals and objectives, but is
also able to provide an efficient contribution towards the welfare of the community. The inculcation of
academic knowledge, skills, abilities and proficiency among the individuals is enhanced through learning
and academic performance.

There are several factors that contribute an crucial part in enhancing the academic performance of
students. The academic performance determines the future goals and objectives of students. These will
answer to the questions like what subject they will specialize in colleges and universities, which
educational institutions they will get enrolled into, what career opportunities they would take up and so
forth.

In secondary schools, the students are between 12 to 18 years of age. They possess the abilities to
differentiate between what is appropriate and what is inappropriate. Goal-oriented students usually
possess positive feelings regarding their school experiences, they possess the traits of discipline,
diligence, and resourcefulness, are avid readers and tend to devote less time towards recreation and
leisure activities. It is vital for the students to possess positive thinking in terms of their schools, teachers
and academic subjects. With positive attitude, they will be able to dedicate themselves wholeheartedly
towards learning and generate the desired academic outcomes (Maina, 2010).

Candeias et al (2010) asserts that attitudes towards school and learning are associated with academic
achievement. Students with poor academic performance have a more negative attitude towards
learning and believe that school and learning will not help them being successful in the future. It also
indicates that students lose their interest in their studies because of the factors they encountered in
school.

Low school performance is not only caused by the child having a low self-esteem, but also causes
significant stress to the parents. There are many reasons for children to under perform at school, such
as, medical problems, below average intelligence, specific learning disability, attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder, emotional problems, poor socio-cultural home environment, psychiatric
disorders and even environmental causes (Sunil, 2005). These factors may or may not add weight to the
struggles of every student in their academic performance.

One factor that can influence academic performance is the non-cognitive factors. These are sets of
"attitudes, behaviors, and strategies" that promotes academic and professional success, such as
academic self-efficacy, self-control, motivation, expectancy and goal setting theories, emotional
intelligence, and determination (Gutman & Schoon, 2013). A student who has these type of attitude
usually bears good performance in school. Non-cognitive skills are increasingly gaining popularity
because they provide a better explanation for academic and professional outcomes.

To have better academic performance, one student must be a good student in class. In an article from
iWriteEssays.com, there are three qualities posses by a good student; hardworking, active in the
community, and well prepared for the future. Most young people believe that all they need to do in
order to be good students is to work hard to earn knowledge and get the highest scores. As they grow
up, they finally realize that a good student also needs to be an active person in the community and a
well-prepared worker for the future.

Attitude plays a crucial part in gaining good academic performance in learning. It is one of the factors
that affect the status of a student especially in their academic achievement. Since learning does not only
depends on what score a student achieve in his examination, having positive attitude towards academic
performance can make their student life easier and could lead them to a brighter future.

On Social Media

Today's generation has been exposed to many modern technology and innovation. One of those is
the social media which is the most used type of technology in the world especially by youth. The use of
social media has become a necessary daily activity. It is usually used for social interaction and access to
news and information, and decision making. It is a valuable communication tool with others locally and
worldwide, as well as to share, create, and spread information.

According to statista.com (2021), the latest social media statistics show that there are 3.78 billion
social media users worldwide in 2021 – and this number is only going to continue growing over the next
few years. As it stands, that equates to about 48 percent of the current world population. One of the
reasons for the high usage of social media is that mobile possibilities for users are continually improving,
which makes it increasingly simpler to access social media, no matter where you are.

According to a report by the non-profit child advocacy group Common Sense Media, one in five teens
said social media makes them feel more confident, compared with 4% who said it makes them feel less
so. In the survey of more than 1,000 13 – 17-year-olds, 28% said social networking made them feel more
outgoing versus 5% who said it made them feel less so; and 29% said it made them feel less shy versus
the 3% who said it made them feel more introverted. When it comes to relationships with friends, more
than half (52%) of teens said social media helped to improve relationships versus just 4% who said it had
a negative impact.

As of 2015 the world’s largest social networking company, Facebook, has 1.49 billion active users, and
the number of users is increasing every year. One of the most interesting things to look at is the
increasing number of student users on such social networking sites. As per the survey conducted by Pew
Research Center, 72 percent of high school and 78 percent of college students spend time on Facebook,
Twitter, Instagram, etc. (Smith & Anderson, 2018). These numbers indicate how much the student
community is involved in this virtual world of social networking.

Students, particularly, can now communicate and share ideas through different social media
platforms in real-time, notwithstanding of their geological areas or distance. This can be fair one of the
positive impacts of social media on student life. Students spend a part of their time on social media.
They are free to do as they pick and mingle with whoever they like. Through social media network, they
can construct modern companionships, express their sees and conclusions, and indeed make ‘new
identities’ (Juice Academy, 2018).

Social media also exposed students to a entirety better approach of learning. Investigation has shown
that students who are often use social media are more imaginative and show better memory. It opens
up new avenues for investigating, empowering students to be inventive and think outside the box.

As Covid 19 has upended normal social connections that develop between students and professors,
most schools and universities used social media as a tool for distant learning to allow students to
complete their studies and continue to the next level. The purposeful use of social media presents a
great opportunity for educators to connect with their students and recreate some of the social
connections that are lost due to online education, while also providing new ways of developing
connections (Al-Bahrani & Moryl, 2020).

In summary, the role of social media is very important in everyday life of this generation. It began to
be more helpful since we are right now in the middle of pandemic where face-to-face interaction is
prohibited. For students, it is a way that can help them pursue and continue their education. It is an
asset for learning, keeping students connected and engaged with their field, course, and peers wherever
they are.

Related Studies

Local Studies
 In a study by Laguador & Dotong (2020) determined the challenging learning experiences of
engineering students while completing their degree program as factor that might influence to their
changing attitude towards achieving higher academic performance. Mixed method of research was
utilised in the study considering the total population of 75 graduating students for quantitative and 12
students for qualitative part of the study using focus group discussion.

Results showed that engineering students have significantly higher level of positive attitude towards
academic performance during their junior level but significantly lower after taking professional courses.
Attaining high academic performance still really matters for the engineering students during their junior
level but continuously changing their perspective due to encountered challenging experiences while
taking the professional courses. Performance in General Engineering courses describes the attitude of
the students towards academic performance in personal aspect while professional courses define their
attitude in professional aspect.

The finding of the qualitative research revealed that there are three themes emerged in the
challenging experiences of the engineering students and these are: Abandoned Social Freedom, Survival
of the Fittest and Future Oriented Mindset which contributed to the changing perspectives of the
engineering students.

A study by Bacay et al (2015) identified the relationship between the academic performance of
Marine Engineering students in Electro Technology course and their attitudes towards the subject itself,
the instructor’s methods of teaching and the learning environment. Descriptive-correlation method of
research was utilized in the study.

Results showed that more than one-third of the population of the Third year marine Engineering
students has average rating performance in Electro Technology 1 while good performance in Electro
Technology 2. Students have high positive attitude towards the subject itself more than the instructors’
methods of teaching and the learning environment. Positive correlation has been also concluded
between the final grades in Electro Technology and the attitude towards the subject and the teachers’
method of teaching. Enhancement of students’ interest towards the subject is suggested to get better
appreciation of the profession. Instructors may relate the topics to real life situation in the work
environment especially the maintenance, operation and installation of different machineries and
systems in the vessel, as well as the development and construction of marine vessels.

Foreign Study

One study conducted by Xue et al (2017) investigate the effects of mobile learning on academic
performance and learning attitude in a college classroom. While mobile learning has become
increasingly popular and has received growing research interest, there appears to be insufficient
emprical evidence from rigorous experimental research that supports its effectiveness on learning. This
study addressed this issue by conducting a randomized experiment to investigate the impact of mobile
learning on students’ academic performance and learning attitude.

The results revealed that mobile learning can produce similar learning results as traditional classroom
insruction, but students had mixed attitude towards different aspects of mobile learning. The research
findings contribute to the scholarship of mobile learning and can inform the design and evluation of
mobile-based educational interventions.

In their study, Adodo & Gbore (2012) measures and predicts the effect of attitude and interest of
students on academic performance in science. It investigates which of the variables, as essential
attribute to study integrated science, will predict students’ performance. Its aim is also to find out which
one of the variables is influenced first under a particular teaching method. Three instruments were used
for the study. They are, Science Oriented Attitude Scale (SOAS), Science Vocational Interest Inventory
(SVII) and Achievement Test in Integrated Science (ATIS). The study is a quasi-experimental type. The
sample of the study consisted of 30 Junior Secondary School one Students in Nigeria.

Multiple regression was used to analyze the hypothesis raised for the study and the outcome shows
that Science Interest possessed the strongest strength for predicting performance than attitude among
the students in their different ability level group.

It is therefore recommended that, teachers should use good innovative methods that will stimulate
students’ interest in an attempt to make learning of science more meaningful to the learners and
thereby generating improved leaning outcomes that will lead to a change of attitude to science.

Another study by Singh, et al (2016) examine the relationship between student‘s beliefs and attitude
towards social media use in Education on their Academic Performance. It also seeks to examine the
social media usage trends among management students of private colleges and universities and
understand the interaction between social media usage and their academic performance. The paper
used predominantly the quantitative approach andbriefly outlines the relationship between use of social
media in education on the academic performance of students using the data from a sample of
237management students from 3 private colleges and 2 private universities of Delhi NCR region. Data
was collected using a self-designed questionnaire. Pilot testing was done to check the reliability of the
questionnaire and the Cronbach alpha value was found to 0.72. Correlations, regressions and descriptive
analysis were carried out.

The study results provided considerable support for the hypothesized relationships between positive
beliefs and attitudes towards social media for exchanging academic activities and the academic
performance of the students. The results also indicated that management students used social media
mainly for sharing their assignments, projects and learning experiences with their colleagues. The study
results suggested that the academic institutions should promote both students and faculty to develop a
positive attitude towards usageof socialmedia as effective learning tools in order to affect the academic
results of their institution in a positive way.
 These local and foreign studies give support to the present study. The various researches have
showed some findings and result that can be a sort of comparison to the present study. Researchers,
local and foreign, focus on the attitude of students towards academic performance which can serve as
the basis for the present study. Researchers recommend other aspects of the study that has not yet
explored. The resemblance in the major topic but different in other aspects gave the researchers more
reason to conduct the study.

References:

Online Journals:

Bacay, T. et al. (2015). Attitude of Marine Engineering Students on Some School-Related Factors and
their Academic Performance in Electro Technology 1 and 2. Research Academy of Sciences. 2, 239-249.
http://research.lpubatangas.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/SSSH-Attitude-of-Marine-
Engineering-Students-on-Some-School-Related.pdf

Gutman, L. & Schoon, I. (2013). "The Impact of non-cognitive skills on outcomes for young people"
(PDF). Education Endowment Foundation, 59.
https://educationendowmentfoundation.org.uk/public/files/Publications/EEF_Lit_Review_Non-
CognitiveSkills.pdf/

Singh, M. et al. (2016). Impact of students attitudes towards social media use in education on their
academic performance. AIMA Journal of Management & Research. 10(2/4).
http://apps.aima.in/ejournal_new/articlesPDF/Divya-Mitushi.pdf

Websites:

Adodo, S.O. & Gbore, L.O. (2012). Prediction of attitude and interest of science students of different
ability on their academic performance in basic science. Retrieved from
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Prediction-of-attitude-and-interest-of-science-of-Adodo-
Gbore/1a25709326f4e6dec7fe6a4695a5757bc1c77237?p2df
Al-Bahrani, A. & Moryl, R. (2020). Social Media to Retain and Connect with Students in the Shift to
Online Class. Retrieved from https://www.facultyfocus.com/articles/online-education/online-student-
engagement/using-social-media-to-retain-and-connect-with-students-in-the-shift-to-online-education/

Candeias, A. A., Rebelo, N., & Oliveira, M. (2010). Student’ Attitudes Toward Learning and School – Study
of Exploratory Models about the Effects of Socio-demographics and Personal Attributes. Retrieved from
https://arquivo.pt/wayback/20170222113426/http://www.projectored.uevora.pt/documentos/LICE.pdf
.

Common Sense Research Reveals Everything You Need to Know About Teens' Use of Social Media in
2018. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.commonsensemedia.org/about-us/news/press-
releases/common-sense-research-reveals-everything-you-need-to-know-about-teens

Juice Academy. (2018). Social Media and its Impact on Student Life. Retrieved from
https://www.studentjob.co.uk/blog/1833-social-media-and-its-impact-on-student-life

Karande, S. (2005). Poor school performance. Retrieved from

Laguador, J. & Dotong, C. (2020). Engineering Students' Challenging Learning Experiences and Their
Changing Attitude towards Academic Performance. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1262419

Maina, M.J. (2010). Strategies Employed by Secondary School Principals to Improve Academic
Performance in Embu West District. Kenyatta University. Retrieved from
http://irlibrary.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/930/Mwaura%2C%20James%20Maina.pdf?
sequence=3

Number of global social media network users 2017-2025. (2021). Retrieved from
https://www.statista.com/statistics/278414/number-of-worldwide-social-network-users/#:~:text=Social
%20media%20usage%20is%20one,almost%204.41%20billion%20in%202025.

Smith, A. & Anderson, M. (2018). Social Media Use in 2018: A majority of Americans use Facebook and
YouTube, but young adults are especially heavy users of Snapchat and Instagram. Retrieved from
https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018/

Social Media, Social Life: Teens Reveal Their Experiences. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.commonsensemedia.org/research/social-media-social-life-2018

Xue, J., et al. (2017). Effects of Mobile Learning on Academic Performance and Learning Attitude in a
College Classroom. Retrieved from https://www.dpi-
proceedings.com/index.php/dtssehs/article/view/19095