shsph.blogspot.

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Program/ Course : DRAFTING TECHNOLOGY

Unit of Competency : Draft Mechanical Layout and Details

Module title : Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details

Nominal Hours : 60 Hours

INTRODUCTION:

The objective of architectural design is to create an effective

environmental system. Structural thinking should be introduced at the
early stages in the design process. These will provide buildings and
residential dwellings with mechanical and other environmental subsystems
to support horizontal and vertical movement of men and materials. It also
provides functional heating, ventilating, air conditioning power, water and
waste disposal. In addition, acoustical and lighting needs are often
influenced by structural design.

The requirements for provisions of heating, ventilation, air

conditioning, power, water and waste services can be visualized in the form
of a tree diagram. These services usually originate at a centralized location
and trace their way horizontally and vertically throughout the structure to
serve the activity spaces.

The designer should be well versed with (HVAC) heating, ventilating,

air conditioning systems, as well as vertical transportation which include
escalators and elevators.

This module familiarizes the students on how to locate the machines,

raceways, wirings, motors, generations and the like in its proper places.

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES

Upon completion of the module, you should be able to:

LO1 Draft heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems layout;

LO2 Draft mechanical details of conveyor system; and

LO3 Draft fire protection systems

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TECHNICAL TERMS

Adiabatic Saturation is the introduction of water into unsaturated air to

increase its humidity ratio.
Dew Point is the temperature at which an air-water mixture will become
saturated and begin to yield drops of condensed water.
Dry Bulb Temperature is the air-water vapor mixture as measured in the
normal way with a Fahrenheit Thermometer.
Enthalpy is the quantity of British thermal unit per minute in a fluid or
gas.
Humidity Ratio is the weight of the actual water vapor in a mixture per
pound of dry air
Latent Heat is the heat energy required to change the state of a substance.
Relative Humidity is the ratio which indicates the degree of saturation of
the air with water vapor.
Sensible Heat is the heat in British thermal unit absorbed by a substance
in changing its temperature without its state.
Thermal Conductivity is the amount of heat that flows from one face of a
material to another.
Heat Resistivity is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat.
Insulation is a material used to stop the transfer of heat.
R Value is a uniform rating of heat resistance that flows through building
materials. The higher the R number, the greater the resistance to heat flow.

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Program/Course : Drafting Technology

Unit of Competency : Draft Mechanical Layout and Details

Module Title : Drafting Mechanical Layout and Details

Learning Outcome 1: Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning

Systems Layout

Assessment Criteria:

1. Heat, ventilating and air-conditioning systems are drafted in

accordance with the mechanical Code of the Philippines.
2. Signs and symbols are identified according to architectural and
mechanical requirements.

References:
Hepler, Wallach, Architecture Drafting and Design, Mc Graw Hill Book
Company, 1987

Weidhass, Ernest. Architecture Drafting and Design, Allyn and Bacon, 1982

Salvan, George. Architectural Theories of Design, JMC Press, 1986

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment perform

heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial or industrial buildings.
The HVAC system may also be responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to
dilute interior airborne contaminants such as odors from occupants, volatile
organic compounds (VOC’s) emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals
used for cleaning, etc.

Air conditioning
Air conditioning may be defined as the simultaneous control of air
temperature, humidity, motion and purity of air in a confined space.

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Air Conditioning Systems
Air conditioning which, is the process of controlling the physical
properties of air , maybe divided into 2 general classes:
1. Air Conditioning for human comfort
2. Process air conditioning
Comfort air conditioning is a modern method of controlling the
temperature and humidity of air in an enclosed space so that it will give
comfort to the majority of the occupants of the space.
Process air conditioning is concerned with producing an air condition
within an enclosed space that is most favorable to the manufacturing
operation being conducted in that space.
In general, comfort air-conditioning maybe defined as the
simultaneous and automatic control of temperature humidity, and air
motion so that the greatest feeling of comfort is produced for the largest
number of people. Air conditioning consists of cooling the air,
dehumidifying it, and placing the air in motion. Cooling the air requires
refrigeration, while dehumidifying the air requires either refrigeration or
chemical treatment.

How does an AC work?

An air conditioner cools and dehumidifies the air as it passes over a
cold coil surface. The indoor coil is an air-to-liquid heat exchanger with rows
of tubes that pass the liquid through the coil. Finned surfaces connected to
these tubes increase the overall surface area of the cold surface thereby
increasing the heat transfer characteristics between the air passing over the
coil and liquid passing through the coil. The type of liquid used depends on
the system selected. Direct-expansion (DX) equipment uses refrigerant as
the liquid medium. Chilled-water (CW) can also be used as a liquid medium.
When the required temperature of a chilled water system is near the freezing
point, freeze protection is added in the form of glycols or salts. Regardless of
the liquid medium used, the liquid is delivered to the cooling coil at a cold
temperature.

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Functions of air conditioning systems are:
1. Cooling and dehumidifying air
2. Heating and humidifying air
3. Cleaning of air (Filtration)

Circulation of Air Conditioning Standards

1. Heating and Humidifying
A relative humidity of 30 to 35 percent is found most satisfactory in
winter. With this proportion a temperature from 70˚to 75˚F (21.1˚-23.9˚) is
comfortable.

2. Cooling and Dehumidifying

For summer cooling, temperature of 76˚ to 80˚F (24.4˚C-26.6˚C) and
50 percent relative humidity are frequent design average.

3. Air Motion
A gentle motion of air produces a refreshing and stimulating effect.
The velocity should average 15 to 25 ft. per minute measured 36 inches
above the floor.

Upward System of Air Conditioning of Theater

Here, the advantage

is that there is a draft
air when the supply
air enters inside
which is
inconvenient to the
audience.

This is more
convenient than
upward method
because the supply air
is mixed first to warm
air before reaching the
audience

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4. Air Supply
Many codes require about 30 cu. ft. per min. per person. Since the
indoor air is recirculated and reused in air conditioning, a smaller amount
of air is required, 5 to 10 cu. ft. per person is sufficient.

Detailed construction of a centralized air conditioning duct system

(a)

(b) (c)

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(d) (e)

(f) (g)

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Types of AC systems

Cooling Only Split-System

A split system is a combination of an indoor air handling unit and an

outdoor condensing unit. The indoor air handling unit contains a supply air
fan and an air-to-refrigerant heat exchanger (or cooling coil), and the
expansion device. The outdoor condensing unit consists of a compressor
and a condenser coil. Split-systems are typically found in residential or
small commercial buildings.

These systems have the highest energy efficiency rating (EER) of all
the available AC systems. Manufacturers are required to take the EER
rating and provide a seasonal energy efficiency rating (SEER) for use by
consumers. SEER ratings vary widely and range from 10 to 20. The higher
the SEER rating, the more efficient the AC system operates. If heating is
required, an alternate method of heating the interior of the building must be
used, usually in the form of electric or gas heating.

Cooling Only Packaged-System

A packaged system is a single unit combining all the components

described in the split system. Since the unit is a package, it must be placed
outside the building and indoor air is “ducted” from the building to the
packaged system and back through an air distribution system. These units
typically have SEER rating from 10 to 18. If heating is required, an alternate
method of heating the interior of the building must be used, usually in the
form of electric or gas heating.

Heat Pump

Heat pumps are similar to cooling only systems with one exception. A
special valve in the refrigeration piping allows the refrigeration cycle to be
operated in reverse. It cools the indoor air and ejects heat to the outdoors. A
heat pump can also cool the indoor air, but when the valve is reversed, the
indoor air is heated.

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Chilled Water System

In a chilled water system, liquid water is pumped throughout the

building to “chilled water coils”. Since the liquid water needs to be at a cold
temperature, a “cooling plant” is required. The plant is typically referred to
as a chiller plant. Vapor compression equipment in the plant, cools the
water to a cold temperature and pump the cold water to air-to-water heat
exchangers where needed.

Window Air Conditioners

A window air conditioner is typically installed in a window or custom

opening in a wall. The Window AC can only cool small areas and are not
intended to provide cooling to multiple rooms or zones. These air
conditioners are manufactured as cool only or can provide both cooling and
heating.

Packaged Terminal Heat Pump

Packaged terminal heat pumps (PTHP) are similar to a window-

mounted air conditioner. These units are typically installed in a sleeve

passing through the outdoor wall of an apartment, hotel, school classroom,

etc. PTHPs are completely self contained and require only an electrical

connection in addition to the opening in the building shell. They use the

outdoor air as the heat source in winter and as a heat sink in summer. They

can also provide ventilation air. Flexibility and lower installed cost are the

primary advantages of the PTHP. Disadvantages include in-room

maintenance, higher operating cost, relatively short life, imprecise "on-off"

temperature control, and they can be rather noisy.

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Controlling humidity with an AC system

Humidity is becoming more of a concern to building operators and

owners. High indoor humidity leads to mold and mildew growth inside the
building. The are several methods of controlling indoor humidity. The
simplest (and most expensive) method is to connect a humidistat to an
electric heater. When the humidity inside the building rises above the
humidistat set point, the heater is turned on. The additional heat causes
the air conditioning system to run longer and remove more moisture.

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ACTIVITY SHEET# 1.1

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Directions: On a separate sheet of paper, answer the following questions.

Let the students group themselves into five groups depending
upon the number of students themselves and answer the
following questions and report to class their answer.

1. How does an air conditioning system work?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What are the types of air conditioning system available?

_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

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SELF CHECK # 1.1

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Test I.
Direction: Fill in the blanks with the correct answers and write it on a
separate sheet of paper.

1._______________ is defined as the simultaneous control of air temperature,

humidity, motion and purity of air in a confined space.

2. A relative humidity of ____________ percent is found most satisfactory in

winter.

3. A gentle motion of ______________ produces a refreshing and stimulating

effect.

4. For summer cooling, temperature of _______ (24.4˚C-26.6˚C) and ______

percent relative humidity are frequent design average.

5. The indoor air is recirculated and reused in _______________, a smaller

amount of air is required, 5 to 10 cu. ft. per person is sufficient.

Test II.
Direction: Give the entities being asked:

1-2 Kinds of air conditioning system

3-7 Elements of the central system of air-conditioning

8-10 Functions of air conditioning system

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.2

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Air Conditioning Equipment and Controls

An air conditioning system has the following equipment and controls

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1. Compressors.

Compressors used are of two types:

a. Reciprocating is commonly referred to as piston type

b. Centrifugal refers to two rotary type compressors

For up to 100 tons, reciprocating units are used because centrifugal

compressors are not manufactured in these sizes.

2. Condensers. Condensers used for liquifying have three general

designs.

a. Air cooled condensers.

Air cooled condensers are seldom used for capacities above 3 tons
of refrigeration unless an adequate water supply is extremely
difficult to obtain. The principal disadvantages of this kind are the
high power cost and the reduction of capacity on hot days.
The conventional air-cooled condenser consists of the condenser
coil, compressor, condenser fan with motor, crankcase, heater,
controls, service valves and filter drier.

b. Water-Cooled condensers.
Water cooled condensers are of three types:
1. Double pipe condenser
2. Shell and tube condensers
3. Shell and coil condensers
Water cooled condensing units are provided with cooling towers
usually located on the roof of the building

c. Evaporative Condensers.
This type of condenser makes use of both air and water for
cooling and is available in sizes up to 100 tons or more. It is applicable
in areas where there is a high cost of water for condenser purposes.
However, it uses only 3 to 5 percent of the amount if the condenser is
entirely water cooled.

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3. Evaporation and Coolers.
A conventional evaporator of an air-conditioning system includes an
evaporator coil, blowers, motors, control and filter.
There are several methods used for cooling in air conditioning:
a. Direct cooling of air
b. Direct cooling of water
c. Indirect cooling

4. Air cleaning equipment

Air may contain large quantities of dust, cinders, soot, smoke, fumes,
pollen, grit, bacteria and odor. These contaminating elements in the air are
removed by filtration and by air washing.
Air-conditioning filters are of different types:
a. Dry-filter consists of wire frames or panels, enclosing felt, cotton,
batting, cellulose pockets through which the air is screened.
b. Viscous filters consists of a series of metal deflecting plates or screens
coated with viscous oil coming in contact with these surfaces. The air
flow is abruptly changed in direction and the dust is trapped in the oil
film and remains there.
c. Automatic viscous filters. It is a system consisting of two endless
vertical filter curtains with the front curtain more densed and passes
downward through an oil reservoir with the rear curtain catching
entrained oil in the air.
d. Electric precipitators. Consists of a positive electric field and negative
grounded tubes which serve to remove from the air the fine dusts,
mists, unburned particles in smoke and other matters which would
pass through the dry and viscous filters.

5. Fans. Fans used in Air-Conditioning are of two tubes.

a. Centrifugal Fans ( Radial Type of Fan ). The air enters at one side near
the axis of the wheel and is discharged radially through the outlet
placed at a tangent to the wheel

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b. Propeller Fans (Axial Type of Fan ). The air enters at the rear of the
fan and emerges at the front in a line parallel to the axis of rotation.

6. Air Outlets. Air outlets are of two kinds.

a. Wall Outlets. The different kinds are:
1. Baned outlet
2. Registers
3. Perforated Grilles
4. Ejector Nozzles
b. Ceiling Outlets
1. Plaques
2. Ceiling Diffusers
3. Perforated Panels
4. Perforated Ceilings

7. Control Equipment. Air conditioning equipment and devices are of

different kinds. These maybe:
a. Sensing Device. Consists of the following:
1. Thermostats
2. Humidistats
3. Pressure Regulations
b. Actuating Devices
1. Dampers
2. Control Valves
3. Relays
c. Indicators

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Air Conditioning Symbols
The air-conditioning layout is drafted on plans. The following are the
approved acronyms
ACCU – Air- cooled condensing unit.

WCCA – Water-cooled

CT – Cooling Tower

ATC – Automatic Temperature Control

CAC – Central Air Conditioner

FCU – Fan Coil Unit

AHU – Air Handling Unit

HVAC – Heating and Ventilating Air Conditioner

PAC – Package Air Conditioner

RAC – Room – Air-Conditioner

TR – Tons of Refrigeration

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ACTIVITY SHEET # 1.2

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Test I. Label the equipment and controls in an air conditioning system.

1. 2. 3
4
5

12

11 7

10 9 8
-

Test II. Write the Functions of each part.

1. Compressor
2. Condenser
3. Evaporation and Coolers
4. Air cleaning equipment
5. Fans
6. Air Outlets
7. Control Equipment

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SELF CHECK # 1.2

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Test I.
Direction: Give the meaning of the following acronyms/symbols.
Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.
1. HVAC -
___________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. FCU -
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. CAC -
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. CT -
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. ACCU -
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Test II. Enumeration

Give the correct answer of the following.

1-7 Air conditioning system equipment and controls

8 – 10 Methods used for cooling in air conditioning

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INFORMATION SHEET # 1.3

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Comfort requires more than just providing warmth in rainy season or

coolness in summer. True comfort means a correct temperature, correct
humidity or amount of moisture in the air, and clean, fresh, odorless air.

HVAC Conventions

Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning equipment is drawn on floor

plans using symbols. They show the location and tube of equipment,
movement of hot and cool air and water. The location of horizontal ducts is
shown by outlining the position of the duct. The flow of air through the
ducts is indicated by an arrow. Air flow coming from the heating-cooling
unit is shown by an arrow pointing out from the diffusers. Return air is
indicated by an arrow pointing into the duct.

Climate Control Methods and Heat Transfer

Heat is transferred from a warm to a cool surface by:

1. Radiation is the heat that flows to a cooler surface through space in

the same manner light travels.
2. Convection is a warm surface that heats the air, the warm air rises
and cool air moves in to take its place causing a convection current
3. Conduction is the heat that moves through a solid material, the
denser the material the better it will conduct heat.

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Heat loss or gain is the amount of heat that passes through the
exterior surface of a building. Thermal conductivity is the amount of heat
that flows from one face of a material, through the material, and to the
opposite face. It is defined also as the amount of heat transfer through a
1-Sq.Foot area, 1 inch thick with a temperature difference of 1 degree
Fahrenheit.
The unit of measurement for heat is Btu(British Thermal Unit) which
is the unit of heat needed to raise the temperature on 1 pound of water 1
degree Fahrenheit.
Resistivity is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat while
insulation is the material used to stop the transfer of heat, block
moisture, stop sound, resist fire and resist insects.

Some kinds of insulating materials are:

1. Flexible Batt
2. Flexible Blanket
3. Loose Fill Reflective Material
4. Rigid Board
5. Additives
6. Spray on
7. Corrugated Paper
8. Surface Air Film

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Conventional Heating Systems

The two most efficient types of heating systems are:

1. Perimeter heating refers to the heat outlets that are located on the
outside walls of the rooms.
2. Radiant heating functions by heating an area of the wall, ceiling or
floor.

Sample of Heating Ventilating Air conditioning System Layout

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OPERATION SHEET # 1.3

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Direction: Draw a diagrammatic Air conditioning layout for the plan shown

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SELF CHECK # 1.3

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Multiple Choice.
Directions: Choose the best answer and write it on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. It is the heating of an area of the wall, ceiling or floor.

a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating
2. It is the heating through outlets located on the outside walls of
the rooms.
a. radiant heating b. perimeter heating c. solar heating
3. It is the unit of measurement for heat.
a. BTU b. watts c. kilowatts
4. It is the material used to stop the transfer of heat,
block moisture, stop sound, resist fire and resist insects.
a. conductors b. conduits c. insulations
5. It is the ability of materials to resist the transfer of heat.
a. friction b. resistivity c. insulation
6. The heat that flows to a cooler surface through space in the
same manner light travels
a. conduction b. convection c. radiation
7. The heat that moves through a solid material, the denser
the material, the better it will conduct heat.
a. conduction b. convection c. radiation
8. Warm surface heats the air on it, as the warmed air rises
the cool air moves in to take its place.
a. conduction b. convection c. radiation
9. The amount of heat that passes through the exterior surface of
a building.
a. heat loss or heat gain b. Btu c. watts
10. The amount of heat that flows from one face of a material,
through the material, and to the opposite face
a. friction b. resistivity c. thermal conductivity

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INFORMATION SHEET # 2.1

LO2.Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems

Escalators, Conveyors, and Elevators

An escalator is a moving stairway, thus it is sometimes called a

moving stairway or an electric stairway. There are two classes of escalators
available – the 32 inches and 48 inches. Normal speed is 90 Ft/Min. (FPM)
the 120 FPM speed is used for express escalators. Angle of inclination is
normally 30˚.

Components of an Escalator Installation

The major components of an escalator installation are:

a. The Truss is a welded steel frame which supports the moving

stairway equipment.
b. The Track refers to steel angles attached to the truss on which the
step rollers are guided, thus controlling the motion of the steps.
c. The Controller consists of contactors, relay and a circuit breaker.
d. The Sprocket Assemblies, Chains and Machine provide the motive
power for the unit.
e. The handrail is driven by two sheaves and is powdered from the top
sprocket assembly.
f. The balustrade assembly.

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Arrangements of Escalators
There are generally two types of arrangements employed in an
escalators design.

a. Parallel Arrangement
b. Crisscross Arrangement

The crisscross arrangement is generally favored because of lower cost,

minimum floor space occupied and lower structural requirement.

Moving Walks and Ramps

Moving walks and ramps are different from moving stairways. While
moving stairways(Escalators) have the primary function of moving a large
number of people vertically, moving walk or ramp serves a dual function,
that is, horizontal transportation only, or a combined function of horizontal
and vertical transportation not only of people but also of wheeled vehicles
and large parcels.

By definition, a moving walk is one with an inclination not exceeding

5 degrees, where the principal function is horizontal motion and inclined
motion is incidental to the horizontal.

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A moving ramp is a device with an inclination limited to 15 degrees

where vertical motion is as important, or more so, than the horizontal
component.

Elevators

An elevator or lift (in British English) is a vertical transport vehicle

that efficiently moves people or goods between floors of a building. They are
generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables and
counterweight systems, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston.

Lifts began as simple rope or chain hoists. A lift is essentially a

platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. A
modern day lift consists of a cab (also called a "cage" or "car") mounted on a
platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway".
In the past, lift drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water
hydraulic pistons. In a "traction" lift, cars are pulled up by means of rolling
steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a sheave in the
industry. The weight of the car is balanced with a counterweight. Sometimes
two lifts always move synchronously in opposite directions, and they are
each other's counterweight. The friction between the ropes and the pulley
furnishes the traction which gives this type of lift its name.

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Passenger Elevators

Passenger elevators are used to carry passenger traffic in buildings

where several peak periods occur each day. Residential elevators may be
small enough to only accommodate one person while some are large enough
for more than a dozen. Wheelchair, or platform lifts, a specialized type of
elevator designed to move a wheelchair 6 ft (1.8 m) or less, often can
accommodate just one person in a wheelchair at a time with a load of 1000
lb (455 kg).

The elements of an electrical elevator installation are:

1. Hoistway is the shaft or vertical passageway for the travel of the car
and its counterweights.
2. Elevator Car is a cage of light metal supported on a structural frame
to the top member of which the cables are fastened. The car is fixed
on its vertical travel in the shaft by means of rail shoes on the guide
rails.
3. Cables which lift the car usually 3 to 8 in number are placed in
parallel, the weight of the car is being equally distributed over the
cables which are fastened to the top of the car by cables sockets.
4. Elevator Machine turns the sheave and thus lifts or lowers the car.
In most modern installations, the electric driving motor receives its
energy from a separate motor- generator set.
5. Machine Room is the place where the elevators machine is housed,
usually directly above the elevator shaft or hoistway.
6. Counterweights are rectangular blocks of cast iron stacked in one
frame which is supported at the opposite ends of the cables to which
the car is fastened.
7. Guide Rails are the vertical tracks that guide the car and its counter
weight.
8. Control Equipment is a combination of push buttons contacts,
relays, cams and devices which are operated manually or
automatically to initiate door opening, starting, acceleration, leveling
and stopping of the car.
9. Safety Devices include:
a. Main Brake is mounted directly on the shaft of the elevator
machine.
b. Safety System is controlled by the speed governor mounted on
or near the elevator machine.
c. Electrical Final Limit Switches de-energize the traction motor
and set the main brake if the car over travels.
d. Oil or Spring Buffers are always placed in the elevators pit.
Their purpose is not to stop a falling car but to bring it to a
partially cushioned stop if it over travels the lower terminal

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Elevators Machines

Two types of elevator machines

a. Gearless Traction Machine
b. Geared Traction Machine.

Systems of Elevator Operation and Supervision

There are three systems of operation involved with elevators. These

are;

a. Single Automatic Push Button Control. This is the simplest since it

handles only one call at a time, providing for an uninterrupted trip for
each call.
b. Collective Control. It is arranged to collect all waiting “up” calls on
the trip up and all waiting “Down” calls on the trip down, the control
system “store” all calls until they are answered and automatically
reverses the direction of travel at the highest and lowest calls.
c. Electronic Group Supervisory Dispatching and Control. Under this
system, the entire group or bank of cars in a given group of elevators
is in automatic operation at peak periods; and automatically shuts
down successively as the number of car passengers become very low
and electronic control system performs all commands, thus no
operator is needed.

Kinds of Elevators
There are different kinds of elevations as to their purpose these are:

1. Freight Elevators. They are of two types.

a. General Purpose Freight Elevator
b. Light Duty Freight Elevators
c. Sidewalk Elevators

2. Dumbwaiters – they are small freight for the transport of relatively

small articles between levels.

3. Plunger Elevators. These are oil – hydraulic elevators which are

raised and lowered by means of a movable rod rigidly fixed at the
bottom of the car. The system is hydraulic and operates the same as a
hydraulic jack

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Standard Bed Elevators

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SELF CHECK # 2.1

LO2.Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems

Test I. Multiple Choice.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is sometimes called a moving stairway or an electric stairway.

a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor

2. It is used to carry passenger traffic in buildings.

a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor

3. It is the standard angle of inclination of an elevator.

a. 30˚ b. 60˚ c. 90˚

4. Normal speed of an escalator

a. 90 Ft/Min. (FPM) b. 100 Ft/Min. (FPM) c.80 Ft/Min. (FPM)

5. A vertical transport vehicle that efficiently moves people or goods

between floors of a building.
a. elevator b. escalator c. conveyor

Test II. Enumeration.

Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper

1-3 Systems of Elevator Operation and Supervision

4-5 Types of elevator machines

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INFORMATION SHEET # 3.1

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

An objective conceptual planning is to create an environment in which

the user can be as safe as possible. Many of the accidents that frequently
occur in homes, schools, offices and elsewhere are due to the facility design
and to user errors. Safety considerations applicable to all architectural
systems must be considered such as fire protection and alarm system. The
provision of fire sprinkler and alarm as embodied in the National Building
Code and Fire Code of the Philippines should be implemented.

Requirements for fire safety

a. There must be at least two means of exit in every

residential room (such as a doorway or window)
b. Exit doors must be at least 0.60 m wide.
c. Occupied rooms must be accessible.
d. All door locking devices must be easily disengaged from
the inside by quick release catches.
e. The path of travel from any room to an exit must not be
through another room subject to locking.
f. Passages from sleeping rooms to exits must be at least
0.90 wide.
g. Stairs must be at least 0.90 m wide
h. Every sleeping room must have at least a window which
can be easily opened from the inside.
i. Storm windows, screens, burglar guards must have quick
opening devices
j. Combustion heaters and stoves must not be located to
block escape in case of malfunction.

Building Classifications:

Building code requirements vary as to such factors as type of

occupancy, building contents, type of construction, location and fire
extinguishing system. The code permits “trade offs” between these
classifications with the goal of obtaining public safety as can.

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Classification by Occupancy

1. Assembly
2. Educational
3. Institutional
4. Residential
5. Mercantile
6. Offices
7. Industrial
8. Storage

Classification by Content

1. Ordinary Hazard Content

2. Extra Hazard Content
3. Light Hazard Content

Classification by construction type

Type I – Fire resistive construction

Type II – Heavy timber construction
Type III – Non combustible construction
Type IV – Ordinary construction
Type V – Wood frame construction

Classification by location

Buildings constructed in closely packed communities are threat to the

general public than buildings located in an open area. Thereof, building
codes establish fire limits or fire zones within the limits of a fire zone. All
buildings must be designed so that a fire will remain contained.

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SELF TEST # 3.1

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

Test I. Direction: Write A if the statement is correct and

write B if the statement is incorrect.
Use a separate sheet of paper.

1. There must be at least two means of exit in every residential room.

2. Exit doors must be at least 0.30 m wide.
3. Passages from sleeping rooms to exits must be at least 0.40 m wide.
4. Every sleeping room must have at least a window which can be easily
opened from the inside.
5. Storm windows, screens, burglar guards must have quick opening
devices

Test II. Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letters only.
Building Classification
Column A Column B
1. Fire Resistive A. Classification by Content
2. Educational B. Classification by Occupancy
3. Ordinary Hazard C. Classification by Construction type
4. Offices
5. Non combustible
6. Residential
7. Extra Hazard
8. Heavy timber
9. Ordinary
10. Industrial

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INFORMATION SHEET # 3.2

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

Fire Extinguishing System

Building codes often require automatic water-sprinkler systems, for

they give excellent fire protection in all types of buildings.

A sprinkler system consists of a network of piping placed under the

ceiling. It is provided with a number of nozzles called sprinklers when
activated, the sprinklers spray water in a hemispherical pattern.

Types of Sprinkler Systems

1. Fixed Temperature System is classified into two kinds:
a. Wet Pipe refers to when water is stored in the piping
b. Dry Pipe refers to when no water is in the pipe
2. Rate-of-Rise Sprinkler System. Detectors open valves upon any
abnormal increase of temperature. It is also classified as:
a. Deluge System is used for extra hazard condition
b. Pre – Action System is used to reduce the possibility of
accidental water damage

Sprinkler Layout

The layout of a sprinkler system is classified into three types:

1. Light Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed
200 sq.ft.
2. Ordinary Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not
exceed 130 sq. ft.
3. Extra Hazard is where protection area per sprinkler does not exceed
90 sq.ft.

Standpipes are vertical water pipes with fire-hose outlets at each floor. They
are located so that any fire can be reached by a stream from not more 75’ of
small hose or 100’ of large hose.

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OPERATION SHEET # 3.2

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

Direction: Locate the position of fire alarm system

1. Locate the position of the fire sprinkles.

2. Locate the position of the standpipes

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3. Finalize the fire sprinkle system by drawing a diagram connecting the
fixtures.

4. Finalize the fire protection system by drawing a diagram connecting the

fixtures from the water source.

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ANSWER KEY 3.2

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

1. Locate the position of the fire sprinkles.

2. Locate the position of the standpipes.

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3. Finalize the fire protection system by drawing a diagram connecting the
fixtures.

4. Finalize the fire protection system by drawing a diagram connecting the

fixtures from the water source.

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ASSESSMENT RESOURCES
Performance Assessment
Scoring Rubrics
Criteria Score
(Tick the corresponding pts.)
Accuracy
50
45
40
Speed
10
6
8
Neatness
25
20
15
Lettering/Labeling
15
12
10
8
Total

Performance Criteria:

 Accuracy
50 pts - The output is accurately done.
45 pts - Two to five errors are observed on the output.
40 pts. - Six to ten errors are observed on the output.
 Speed
10 pts - The output is done 5 minutes before the time.
8 pts - The output is done on time.
6 pts. - The output is done after the allotted time.
 Neatness

25 pts. - No errors made on the output.

20 pts - Two to three erasures made on the output.
15 pts - Four or more erasures made on the output.

 Lettering/Labeling

15 pts. - All information must be completely indicated and legibly

printed.
10 pts. - Pieces of information are legibly printed but some are
missing.

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ANSWER KEY # 1.1

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Test I. Fill in the blanks.

1. Air conditioning
2. 30 to 35
3. air
4. 76˚ to 80˚F
5. air conditioning

Test II. Enumeration

1. Unit Conditioners

2. Central Systems

3. Air-Handling Unit (or Air Conditioner)

4. Mechanical refrigeration plant or an absorption machine.

5. A source of heating such as boiler or furnace.

6. An air-distribution system (fans and ducts)

7. Control equipment

8. Cooling and dehumidifying air

9. Heating and humidifying air

10. Cleaning of air (Filtration) and Circulation of air

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ANSWER KEY # 1.2

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Test I.

4. Heating and Ventilating Air Conditioner

5. Fan Coil Unit
6. Central Air Conditioner
7. Cooling Tower
8. Air- cooled condensing unit.

Test II.

1. Compressors
2. Condensers
3. Evaporation and Coolers
4. Air cleaning equipment
5. Fans
6. Air Outlets
7. Control Equipment

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ANSWER KEY # 1.3

LO1. Draft Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems Layout

Multiple Choice.

1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. A
10. C

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ANSWER KEY # 2.1

LO2.Draft Mechanical Details of Conveyor Systems

Test I. Multiple Choice.

2. b
3. a
4. a
5. a
6. a

Test II. Enumeration.

1. Single Automatic Push Button Control

2. Collective Control
3. Electronic Group Supervisory Dispatching and Control
4. Gearless Traction Machine
5. Geared Traction Machine

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ANSWER SHEET # 3.1

LO3 Draft Fire Protection Systems

Test I. True or False

1. A
2. B (0.90 m)
3. B (0.90 m)
4. A
5. A

Test II. Matching Type

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. B

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We, the teachers assigned to work on the Competency Based

Curriculum(CBC) and Contextual Learning Material and Competency –
Based Learning Modules particularly in Drafting Technology, wish to
express our gratitude and appreciation for having been given the chance to
take part in this educational breakthrough. With high hopes we look
forward to the improvement of the Technical-Vocational Education of the
country through the development of functional materials such of these
kinds.

Marikina Hotel
Marikina City
April 25-30, 2009
June 5-7, 2009
July 1-5, 2009

Technology Writers

Conrado C. Casulla
Pangasinan School of Arts and Trades
Lingayen, Pangasinan
Region I

Mirasol F. Dasig
San Pedro Relocation Center National High School
San Pedro, Laguna
Region IV-A, Calabarzon

Rolando V. Inay
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila

Mario S. Gregorio
Tagum National Trade School
Tagum City, Davao Del Norte
Region XI

Alexander M. Latoga
Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Mauban, Quezon

Ariel F. Maglalang
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

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English Teacher

Mercy F. Divina
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila

Math Teacher

Emmanuel V. Dionisio
Assemblywoman Felecita G. Bernardino Memorial Trade School
Lias, Marilao, Bulacan

Science Teacher

Ma. Lenalyn Q. Manzano

E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan,Sampaloc,Manila

Editorial Specialist

Estrelita Y. Evangelista (Ret.)

CESO VI
DepED-Director, BSE

Beatriz A. Adriano
Principal III
E. Rodriguez Vocational High School
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila

Carol F. Chavez
Principal I
Muntinlupa Business High School

Facilitator

Orlando E. Manuel
Principal I
Cabarroguis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroquis, Quirino

Math Specialist

Jesus L. Huenda
Senior Education Specialist
DepED-NCR

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Encoders

Eduardo B. Dicion Jr.

Integrative School of Quezon City
U.P. Village, Diliman, Quezon City

Jomel Gail O. Ponce

One World Connection
31/F Wynsun Corporate Plaza
Ortigas Center, Pasig City

Percival B. Magaway
Abarroguis National School of Arts and Trades
Gundaway, Cabarroquis, Quirino

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