Nursing Management

Assignment
On
Organizational Chart
 ORGANIZATION
INTRODUCTION

An organization is one important elements of the management process and next to planning.
It is like a nucleus of a cell around which the human efforts revolve to achieve the objectives.
A sound organization essentially conducts all managerial activities the objectives. The
success of the management is determined by its sound organization.

CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATION

The organization is the act of organizing or the state of being organized. It refers to an
organized structure as a whole. It is a functional group working together for achieving
everyday purposes/ objectives.

According to Urwick, it is the act of designing and building the administrative structure
and sometimes it is the structure itself. The classics have used the term organization in the
form of organizing which is a part of the management process.

1. Organization as a structure: The organization is a structure that describes the

relationships among individuals and positions they hold. According to Wheeler, the
organization is the structural framework of the duties and responsibilities of personnel in
performing various functions within the enterprise. Organization chart reveals a formal
relationship among the employees and clarifies the authority and responsibilities of each
position either horizontally or vertically. Horizontally, it has various departments;
vertically it creates a hierarchy of superiors and subordinates. It has a pyramid shape and
acts as a framework to facilitate managerial actions.
2. Organization as a group of people: Organization refers to different created either
formally or informally. It is composed of people who interact among themselves to
achieve some common objectives. It is the rational coordination of the activities of some
people for the achievement of some common purpose or goal, through the division of
labour and functions and a hierarchy of authority and responsibilities.
3. The organization has both structure and human being: The organization, as the
structure of relationship is a vehicle to attained the predetermined goals. It has both
structure and human being. As the organization is the systematic bringing together
interdependent parts to form a unified whole to exercise authority, coordinate and control
to achieve a given purpose.
4. The organization as a process: The organization is a dynamic process and managerial
activity. It is a management tool for the effective pursuit of a common goal. It is a process
that defines responsibilities, delegate authority and coordinate activities among the
employees. It involves the following:
a. Identifying various activities into workable units/departments
b. Grouping the activities into workable units/ departments
c. Defining, assigning and delegating responsibilities and authority.
d. Defining hierarchy and relationship between superiors and subordinates.
e. Developing a system of coordination to integrate the activities.
5. Organization as a system: The organization is a system comprised many interrelated
subsystems. It has an identifiable boundary that distinguishes it from the macro
environment. The boundary defines the domain of the system that can be opened or
closed.
The social system has open boundaries, whereas physical and mechanical systems have
closed boundaries. Within microenvironment, all subsystems interrelated with each other.
A system is a whole, a set of connected things or parts. Each system consists of five
elements:
1. Inputs: Includes various resources required to carry out various activities to attain
organizational objectives.
2. Throughout: It is a process that includes a series of activities to implement a specific
action plan. It is an implementation phase where activities of people aligned, moved
along and carefully coordinated to achieve the goals set for the system.
3. Outputs: Are the results of the implemented plan in the system. It is in the form of
product or services delivered to the client after getting the action plan e.g. enhanced
quality of life for patients.
4. Feedback: Is the responses of the employees who implement plans, customers/ clients
using the products and services regarding the result or outcome.

DEFINITION

An organization constitutes an identifiable group of people contributing their efforts

towards the attainment of goals.

- Mc Farland
 Organisation refers to a grouping of activities necessary to attain objectives of an
enterprise and assigning each group to a manager with authority, essential to supervise it.

CHARACTERISTICS

1. Organizing is an essential function of management: In any organization, organizing is

a primary function of management to achieve its goals. These functions are planning,
staffing, directing and controlling.
2. The organization creates a structure of relationship: The organization has common
goals and objectives that help divide operations into suitable jobs, authority and held
responsibility.
3. The organization creates a structure of relationship: The managerial structural link in
the organization refers to a formal organization. The organization includes a social
relationship that formed an informal organization. Both formal and intimate relationships
are essential to achieve the goals of the organization.
4. The organization is a process: It is process whereby some activities take place
systematically to achieve a common goal. It is a process of purposive and systematic
assigning functions, duties and responsibilities among the members of a team.

Principles of organization

1. Principles of objectives: According to this principle, sharing goals and objectives are
essential for an active organization. The organization must develop its goals and
objectives according to its philosophy and purpose.
2. Principle of specialization: Specialization means dividing the tasks according to the skill
and qualification of the individual. It is one features that line the organization.
3. Principle of coordination: It means that the organization must observe the coordination
of activities of different departments to achieve a common organizational goal.
4. Principle of authority and responsibility: This principle of the organization refers that
the power must flow top to bottom in the line structure. The superior with or without
accountability depending on the situation.
5. Principle of defining authority: It means that the management in the organization must
determine the power and responsibilities of managers of every level and to heads of
departments. There should be clarity in the relationship among all departments.
6. Principle of the span of control: According to this principle, the management must
assign a proportionate number of persons under a supervisor to control their work. It
accounts for a maximum of subordinates supervised by a superior for adequate control.
7. Principle of uniformity: The organization must observe the consistency of workload in
all the departments. Each department must have a separate head to avoid confusion and
conflicts.
8. Principle of flexibility and continuity: The organization must continually evaluate its
function and modify according to the situation. The organization structure should be
flexible to adapt to changing condition and permit expansion or replacement without any
severe disruption.
9. Principle of balance: It helps an organization to follow a proper and equal distribution of
work policy among all individuals.
10. Principle of unity of command: The organization should follow unity of command from
top to bottom. An individual must report and accountable to only one head to avoid
confusion and conflict.
11. Principle of exception: It means that the top management must concentrate only policy
and planning functions and must assign/delegate the rest of supervisory duties to lower
level management. It will improve organizational efficiency and development.
12. Principle of efficiency: It means that ability is vital in the organization. The organization
must prepare goal oriented policies, standards and procedures to run the activities
smoothly to achieve its goals and objectives within the set time.
13. Scalar principle: This principle suggests that as far as possible, the chain of authority
should be short without interruption. The power must descend from top to lower level.
14. Principle of simplicity: The structure of the organization. The organization must be
simple. Everyone from managerial to operational level must be clear about their authority,
responsibilities and assignments. It will help in the successful operation within the set
time.

OBJECTIVES OF ORGANIZATION

1. To facilitate all managerial functions.

2. To provide a framework for the performance of managerial activities. It helps the
administrators to create structure and effective utilization of various resources to produce
the desired services.
3. To define the authority and responsibility of each category and reduce conflict over the
use of authority.
4. To lead specialization as it divides the work according to qualification, experience and
speciality.
5. To have a formal line of communication for the coordination of the activities with inter
and interdepartment.
6. To ensure to place every employee on the job according to their capability to utilize in a
better way.
7. To create a team that represents reasonable, unified efforts towards a single shared
objective.
8. To direct human efforts to achieve the set objectives as acts as an essential tool and
essential vehicle.
9. To help the employees to discharge their job duties and avoid the duplication of effort
through well-defined job descriptions.
10. To facilitate growth and expansion by encouraging employees to think and give
innovative ideas to bring an effective change.
11. To provide a broader scope to introduce new methods and technology.

THE FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

The organization structure is a basic framework that deals with human beings. Two
types of relationship formal and informal organizations are essential for the effective
functioning of the organization.

FORMAL ORGANIZATION

Formal organization refer to the organization structure designed to achieved its

objectives. It is structured, stable, static. It has defined hierarchical levels and relationship,
authority, responsibility and accountability and channels of control and coordination.

FEATURES

1. It is official and consciously designed and follows the division of work principle.
2. It has a well-defined organizational structure with an established line of authority and
responsibility.
3. Its structure is stable and very rigid.
4. It reveals a span of control, lines of communication and command and control.
5. It has functional processes to achieve the organizational goals.

ADVANTAGES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATION

1. It provides the basic structure showing division of work and responsibilities.

2. It has clearly defined goals and objectives.
3. It gives a well-defined hierarchical structure.
4. It has organizational plans and policies.
5. It promotes discipline in the organization.
6. It encourages to adopt new practices.

DISADVANTAGES OF FORMAL ORGANIZATION

1. It has a lack of flexibility.

2. It does not allow long term planning.
3. It lacks the scope of creativity.

INFORMAL ORGANIZATION

Informal organization refers to social groups having relationships among its

employees. They develop a relationship with personal attitudes, likes and dislikes, feeling,
emotions, norms rather than work consideration. It influences the functioning of the
organization by exchange and dissemination of information in the organization.

FEATURES

1. The groups form spontaneously and constantly.

2. The relationship created by trust and exchange of information.
3. It is dynamic and responsive and treats the individual as human beings.
4. Personal attitudes, emotions, likes and other social factors are the base for interaction.
5. It has an informal communication network or a grapevine.
6. It helps to improve motivation among employees.

ADVANTAGE

1. It inculcates cultural and social norms.

2. It provides social status and satisfaction.
3. It helps to have social control by regulating behaviour.
4. It encourages effective communication among employees.
5. It fills gaps of formal structures and widens the effective span of control.
DISADVANTAGE

1. The employees may show resistance to change.

2. There is the possibility of role conflict.
3. It provides room for rumours and conformity.

MINIMUM REQUIREMENT FOR AN ORGANIZATION

1. Well-defined organization setup: The organization must have a well-defined

organizational setup. It must have credibility and reputation within the profession/
business. The top management must be competent and dynamic. The should possess
leadership and entrepreneurship qualities.
2. Legal requirements: The organization must fulfil the legal requirement of registration
and other formalities to set up. It must be a registered legal entity.
3. Clear vision and mission: The organization must have a clear vision, mission and
philosophy.
4. Defined goals, objectives and policies: The management must be clear about the
organizational goals and objectives. The organizational policies must aim to achieve the
goals and define clearly and all managers at different levels must know about the
procedures. The management must set the priority areas as per its requirement.
5. Organization structure: The organization must have a defined structure. The essentials
should be remembered while developing and planning to create an organizational
structure. It must depict a line of communication, a line of authority and responsibility
and superior sub-ordinates relationships very clearly.
6. Strategic and operational plans: An effective organization must have strategic and
operational plans, system, processes and other requirements of quality assurance.
7. Standards, protocols and guidelines: Each department must maintain the minimum
standards and should have well-defined protocols and instructions for each activity.
8. Defined resource parameters: It must be defined that minimum resources should be
available as per the norms for a particular organization. These must be defined clearly.
There should be adequate funding resources, facilities and staff.
9. Adequate supervision and control system: There should be effective supervision and
control systems to operationalize and monitoring different plans and procedures.
10. Coordination and cooperation: The entire department must coordinate and cooperate
for the attainment of objectives. The employees must have a positive attitude, high morale
and motivation towards work.
11. Effective management of personnel: The successful organization have adequate
personnel policies to recruit, select, place, develop and retain them in the organization.
12. Organization development and expansion: Competent staff should manage and support
their regular activities. They should commit and information regarding future programs
for the development and maintenance of standards.

ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

Organization structure refers to the formally established pattern of relationship among the
various parts of any organization; whereas “formal” means deliberately specified and adopted
and does not evolve at its own; and “established” means the relationship when spelled out
and accepted by everyone.

BASIC PARTS OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE

There are five essential parts of the organization structure-

1. Strategic apex: Comprises the people with overall responsibilities for the organization
that is board, chief executive and other top level managers. They are concerned with
setting goals, plan and policies develop strategies to implement programs and accomplish
goals.
2. Middle line: It is the linking between the strategic apex and the operating core. The chains
run from superior managers down to the first line supervisors.
3. Operating core: Consist of all those who perform the necessary work related to
production or services. It is the heart of the organization that is concern with the output.
4. Techno structure and Supporting staff: Are in the right or left of the middle line who
assist people of the strategic apex and middle line in carrying out all activities and
advising management.

ORGANIZATION CHARTS

An organization chart is a simple diagrammatic method of describing an organization

structure. This chart is like a blueprint of a building. It indicates departments, formal
relationship and relative ranks its position, a chain of command and communication. It is the
link between departments by authority and responsibilities.
FEATURES

1. It has a diagrammatical presentation.

2. It represents the formal organization structure.
3. It shows the line of authority and formal relationship in the organization.
4. It indicates the channel of communication and department linkages.

ADVANTAGES

1. It brings clarity about organization structure both to the employees and outsiders.
2. It serves as a quick method of visualizing an organization.
3. It provides particular departmental information to use in planning and budgeting
purposes.
4. It provides an effective way to communicate organizational and employee’s information.

LIMITATIONS

1. It provides a static structure of the organization.

2. It lacks in giving details of organization structure.
3. It limits to show only formal relationships and channel of communication.
4. It requires in revealing social relations and the managerial styles.
5. It leads to rank consciousness among the staff and destroy team spirit.

TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHART

There are many ways of presenting organization in charts such as hierarchical, matrix, flat,
horizontal and circular charts.

1. Hierarchical: It indicates the formal structure of an organization. The vertically placed

boxes represent the ranks; horizontally placed boxes represent department or levels.
2. Matrix: Depicts the same level employees in a group reporting to their respective
manger. It has two axes representing two chains of command.
3. The flat chart has few or no horizontal layers/lines. It may depict only top and lower
level managers applicable only in small or individual unit organizations.
4. Horizontal chart has a pyramid shape that is narrow at the top and broad at the bottom.
5. Circular chart depicts top management at the centre of the circle and other management
levels in concentric circle.
TYPES OF ORGANIZATION

1. Line organization: It is the oldest form of organization. The authority flows from top to
bottom. The responsibility flows in an upward direction. It is known as scalar/ vertical
and departmental organization. The top management always takes significant decisions.
2. Functional organization: It emerges from the idea that the organization must perform
certain functions and follows the principle of total specialization and total division of
work. The organization has technical departments, according to speciality. Every
functional department is responsible for the performance of that function for the
organization as a whole.
3. Line and staff organization: It is a complex organization and a modified line organization.
It has both types of managers-line and staff. The line manager have authority.
 HOSPITAL ORGANIZATION

Governor of Maharashtra-President

Maharashtra State managing committee

Managing Committee

Director

Resident Visiting Project Administrator Matron Principal

Consultant Consultant Coordinator Assistant Assistant Vice-principal

RMO’s Medical Administrator Ward incharge Professors

Social workers Paramedical office maintenance Nurse lecturer

Project staff staff staff staff Clincal Instructor

(CCG,RNTCP and TB) Student

Office staff

Class IV employee Class IV employee

CONCLUSION

An organization is a social unit of individuals that is designed and managed to achieve

collective goals. As such organizations are open systems that are greatly affected by the
environment they operate in. Every organization has its own typical management structure
that defines and governs the relationships between the various employees, the tasks that they
perform, and the roles, responsibilities and authority provided to carry out different tasks.

An organization that is well structured achieves effective coordination, as the structure

delineates formal communication channels, and describes how separate actions of individuals
are linked together.

REFERENCE

1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/management_principles/management_principles_organiza
tional_structure.htm
2. BT Basavanthappa. Nursing Administration. 2nd edition, Jaypee Med Publishers. New
Delhi; 2009.
3. Vati. Jogindra; Principle and practice of Nursing Management and Administration;
Second edition 2020;Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers New Delhi/London