MODULE III

Art Movements

Each Art Movement is fashioned out of an impetus. Art movements refer to shared
artistic style, approach, ideals or milieu. The commonality in artistic ideology or objective of
several artists encouraged the establishment of various Art Movements. This convenient
classification has assisted art aficionados, critics, and students in the comprehension of art
within a context.

There is certainly a variation in terms of penchant in art across time frames. In

addition, the styles over time is vast and continuous to expand to this day. These styles and
movements have undergone several phases greatly influenced by the artist and the
circumstances that surround the artist. Some movements are short-lived, while others
remain rich and alive to this day.
UNIT 1

Learning Outcomes
• Determine the distinct features of
the movements of art

ENGAGE
Are you Abstract Expression? Symbolism? Classical? Write 3-5
sentences about the art movement you are familiar with.

WHICH ART MOVEMENT ARE YOU?

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 Find out more about Art Movements in the next section of this module.

School? Style or Movement? Many encounter these terms

LORE when studying art. These terms are often interchanged and
AGE may stir confusion.

By definition, style is a fairly encompassing term which can refer to several aspects
of art such as techniques employed by the artist to produce an artwork. On the other
hand, a school refers to a group of artists who share the same style, teacher, goals,
manifestoes, or belief. They are typically linked to a single location. Finally, a movement is a
group of artists who share a common style, theme, or ideology towards their art. Unlike a
school, these artists need not be in the same location, or even in communication with
each other. Though these terms may appear similar, the subtle differences make each
term unique.

The Art Movements A-Z present not only the terms but also names of artists and the factors
that shaped each movement.

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 1. Abstract Expressionism

The term Abstract Expression was

coined to describe works by expressionists
in Germany specifically the work of Vasily
Kadinsky or otherwise spelled as Wassily
Kadinsky. It was in 1946 that the term was
later applied to American art by Robert
Coates, an art critic. Hudson River Landscape
Abstract Expressionists in New York David Smith
1951
conveyed their art in varying degrees of
abstraction like the use of broken lines,
strong colors and from emotional to
expressive content. Abstract expressionist
qualities are also evident in other forms of
art such as in sculpture and photography.

Artists: Jackson Pollock,Willem de Kooning,

Mark Rothko, Barnet Newman
, Clyfford Still, Aaron Siskind, David Smith,
Ibram Lassaw

Rome 62
Aaron Siskind
1967

Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

2. Aestheticism

This movement developed in the late

19th century Europe and focused on the
idea that art exists for solely its beauty sans
any political or didactic intent. The
doctrine is most succinctly expressed in the
phrase ‘l'art pour l'art’ (art for art's sake)
attributed to the French philosopher Victor
Cousin (1792–1867) in his lectures on Le
Vrai, le beau et le bien (1818, published
1836)
The movement started as a reaction
to utilitarian and social ideologies to what
was deemed ugly and barbaric in the age
of industrialization.
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 Artists: James McNeill Whistler, Simeon Solomon,
Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Thomas Dewing, Walter
Pater, Oscar Wilde

Proserpine
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
1874
Photo credit: Tate. Org.Uk

3. Art Nouveau

This movement first appeared in a

Belgian art journal in 1884 to describe the
work of twenty progressive artists called
Les Vingt. These artists responded to the
theories of architect Eugène-Emmanuel
Viollet-le-Duc and British critic John Ruskin,
who advocated for the unity of all arts, as
well as a reaction to historicism.
This movement is characterized by
the use of winding lines, organic forms, and
asymmetrical lines. The arrangement of
elements particularly patterns and rhythms
depict a highly decorative outcome. The Strawberry Thief (Flower and Bird Pattern)
William Morris
Regardless of art form, there are wide 1884
variations in the style according to where it
appeared and the materials that were
employed.

Artists: William Morris, Aubrey Beardsley, Gustav Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

Klimt, Antoni Gaudí, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec,

Alphonse Mucha, Henry van de Velde

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 Snowball Table Lamp
Tiffany Studio
1904
Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

4. Aschan School

The Aschan School was a group of

American urban realists. Holger Cahill and
Alfred Barr first used the term in 1934. Artists
of Aschan School portrayed in their varied
works the vitality and seamy side of New
York. Politics, current events, and social
temperament were the content of their
work.
Through the artists’ works,
unsettling, transitional time in American
culture were documented. Their works
were marked by polarity of confidence
and doubt, excitement and trepidation.

Shop Girls
Artists: Robert Henri, George Luks , William
1900 Glackens , John Sloan , Everett Shinn
William James Glackens
Photo Credit: Met Museum

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 5. Baroque

The term Baroque, derived from the

Portugese ‘barocco’ meaning ‘irregular
pearl or stone’, is a movement in art and
architecture developed in Europe from the
early seventeenth to mid-eighteenth
century. Baroque emphasizes dramatic,
exaggerated motion and clear, easily
interpreted, detail to produce drama,
tension, exuberance, and grandeur.

Artists:, Michelangelo, Caravaggio, Peter Paul Bacchus

Rubens, Rembrandt van Rijn, Diego Velázquez, Caravaggio
Nicolas Poussin 1595
Photo Credit: Met Museum

6. Biomorphism

This movement focused on the

power of natural life thus creating works
that depict celebration of organic shapes.
It was in 1936 when Alfred H. Barr used the
term to describe biomorphic figures.
To create biomorphic images and
textures, artists employed a slew of
Reclining Figure
Henry Moore
innovative painting techniques including
1939 decalcomania, where a piece of glass or
paper was placed over a painted surface
then removed; grattage in which an object
was placed beneath paper and then
painted over; and frottage, laying paper
over an object and then rubbing with
charcoal to create an imprint.

Artists: Henry Van de Velde, Victor Horta ,

Hector Guimard, Henry Moore

Sculpture de Silence, Corneille

Hans Arp
1942
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 7. Classicism

Classicism was first used in the 17th

century Europe to describe arts of Greece
and Rome. This movement manifested in
architecture, literature, and painting.
Classicism practiced harmony and
restraint, and fidelity to recognized
standards of form and craftsmanship
established by the Greeks and Romans. In
its painting and sculpture, it employs
idealized figures and shapes, and treats its
subjects in a non-anecdotal and
emotionally neutral manner. Color is
always subordinated to line and
composition. Saint Peter’s Basilica
Donato Bramante
1506-1626
Artists: Donato Bramante, Andrea Palladio,
Photo credit: Tate. Org.Uk
Raphael, Jacques-Louis David, J.A.D.
Ingres, Michelangelo, Antonio Canova

8. Classical Abstraction

In contrast with Abstract Expression

where free movement or style is used,
Classical Abstraction practices rigorous
intellectual discipline and technical control.
In other words, the outcome is planned
and expected.

Artists: Piet Mondrian, Casimir Malevich, Ben

Pelagos Nicholson, Barbara Hepworth
Barbaara Hepworth
1946
Photo Credit: Met Museum

9. Conceptual Art

Conceptual art was formed as a

reaction to traditional subjects in art.
Despite the lack of intrinsic financial value,
conceptual art may deliver powerful socio-
political messages.
Conceptual art centers on ideas
and imbedded meanings rather than the Anthropometry of the Blue Period
Yves Klein
work itself. Thus, it is not the physical art that
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 must be given attention to but the 1960
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art
meaning expressed.
This art movement is characterized
by its use of text, imagery, common and
typical found objects and materials.

Artists: Robert Rauschenberg, Yves Klein,

Stanley Brouwn, Yoko Ono, Judy Chicago

10. Cubism
Cubism is a brief artistic movement
that was popular between 1907- 1912. It
was a movement fashioned out of varied
artistic influences and disciplines.
Though inspired by other
movements, Cubism abandoned several
Renaissance art principles such as
perspective. Also, cubist artists celebrated
the use of non-realistic forms and figures.
Three Musicians
Pablo Picasso
Artists: Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Juan
1921
Gris, Albert Gleizes, Henri Laurens
Photo Credit: Met Museum

11. Dada

Dada, a French term for hobby

horse, was formed as an art movement in
the mid-1910s in Switzerland. This
movement that was influenced by Cubism,
Futurism and Expressionism was a reaction
to the unjust and senseless World War I. The
characteristics of this movement includes,
but not limited to, the use and
reinterpretation of available materials or
existing artwork.

Artists: Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp, L.H.O.O.Q.

Salvador Dali, Joan Miro, Man Ray, Francis Marcel Duchamp
1919
Picabia, Max Ernst, Hans Arp
Photo credit: Tate. Org.Uk

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 12. De Stijl

This movement that originated in

Holland in1917 sought laws of balance and
harmony to art and life through abstract
style.
The intention of this movement was to
have a Utopian concept of harmony and
order through simplicity and abstraction.

Artists: Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszár, Bart van

Broadway Boogie Woogie der Leck, Theo van Doesburg, Gerrit Rietveld,
Piet Mondrian Robert van 't Hoff
1942-43
Photo Credit: Museum of Modern Art

13. Early Christian

Also known as Paleochristian art, this

movement was formed under Christian
patronage. Only a few Early Christian art
survived due to war, volcanic eruption,
and several other reasons. Other critics use
Byzantine for Christian art.
Though some subjects of these
works were borrowed from pagan religions,
many Early Christian art centered on
biblical events and biblical symbols such as
the lamb, lion, bread, fish, and others.
Noah Praying in the Ark
Sadly, almost all Early Christian artists Roman Catacombs
were not named. Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

14. Expressionism

Expressionism began as a response

to increasingly conflicted world views and
loss of spirituality.
Distortion and exaggeration of lines
and colors were used in the art produced
apparently to create an emotional effect.

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 This art movement depicted the
subjective emotions of artists rather than
objectifying reality.
Expressionist art sought to draw from
within the artist, using a distortion of form
and strong colors to display anxieties and
raw emotions.

Artists: Vincent van Gogh, Edvard Munch,

James Ensor

The Scream
Edvard Munch
1893
Photo credit: Tate. Org.Uk

15. Fauvism

Fauvism which is French for “wild

beasts, is a style of painting that became
popular in France and was formed around
friendships between artists around the turn
of the 20th century Fauve artists painted
directly from nature with works invested.
With a strong expressive reaction to the
subjects portrayed. The term was coined
by the critic Louis Vauxcelles. Though this
art movement was highly fashionable, it
was short-lived for it lasted only a few
years, 1905-1908.
Woman with a Hat
Artists: Henri Matisse , André Derain Henri Matisse
1905
Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

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 16. Folk Art

Folk Art was a term used to describe

works that were perceived to be outside a
standard or established taste by society or
a certain canon. These form of art are
usually geographical or regional in nature
that it highlights the kind of art of the
minority.
Tradition usually provides some
component, not only in terms of content,
subject-matter or use but also in structure,
craft techniques, tools and materials. Folk
art is as inseparable from folk building as it
was inseparable from daily life.

Artists: Ammi Phillips, Anna Mary Robertson

Moses, Jamini Roy, William Johnson, Howard
Finster

Painting of Dancing Gopi

Jamini Roy
1950
Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

17. Futurism
Futurism which was derived from the
Italian Futurismo, was an artistic and social
movement that started in the early 20th
century. The new ideology of Futurism set
itself with violent enthusiasm against the
weighty inheritance of an art tied to the
Italian cultural tradition and exalted the
idea of an aesthetic generated by the
modern myth of the machine and of
speed. It focused on progress and
modernity, sought to sweep away
traditional artistic notions, and replaced
with an energetic celebration of the
machine age.
Artists: Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carra,
Giacomo Balla, Giorgio Morandi, Primo Conti Unique Forms of Continuity in Space
Umberto Boccioni
1913
Sculpture
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 18. Geometric Abstraction

Geometric Abstract relies heavily on

the use of geometric forms and uniformed
colors arranged in two-dimension to
reduce reality to its purest and most basic
structure.
Geometric abstraction stood as part
of a greater camp of expression, which
aimed to depict the non-representational
and the non-objective through the means
of painting, but also drawing, sculpture and
architecture, among others.

Unitled Artists: François Morellet, Carloz Cruz Diez,

Nicolas Dubreuille Vera Molnar, Gottfried Honneger, Paul Klee,
2015 Nicolas Dubreuille
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

19. Gothic Art

The term "Gothic style" refers to the style of

European architecture, sculpture (and
minor arts) which linked medieval
Romanesque art with the Early
Renaissance. Its main form of expression
was architecture - exemplified by the great
Gothic cathedrals of Northern France.

Artists: Giotto, Donatello, Albrecht Dürer,

Duccio,

Ognissanti Madonna
Giotto
1310
Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

20. High Renaissance

High Renaissance is the peak of
Renaissance art. It is characterized above
all by the qualities of harmony and
balance. Although movement is both
necessary and important, it is always

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 dignified and calm, and the viewer's eye is
always provided with a point of focus.
Artists during this period were
believed to be those who have perfected
the depiction of human proportion and
emotion in their art.
High Renaissance celebrated man’s
ability to create works that were deemed
perfect.

Artist: Titian, Michelangelo, Raphael, Da Vinci

Mona Lisa
Da Vinci
1503
Photo Credit: Tate.Org. UK

21. Hyperrealism
Photorealism and Realism in general
paved the way to the formation of
Hyperrealism.
Hyperrealists used advancements in
high-definition photography as a jumping-
off point into expressions of false realities
that continue to astonish and amaze art
lovers all over the world.
Hyperrealist works such as painting
are often mistaken as enlarged
photographs due to the defined and clear
details.

Artists: Monica Castillo, Hwan Kwon Yi, Jong Gu

Lee, Jenaro Mejia Kintana, Mike Dargas Seductive Portraits
Mike Dargas

Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 22. Impressionism
This movement that started in
France in the late 19th century used to refer
to a group of artists who made use of light
brush strokes and less vibrant colors in their
work.
Eventually, this movement influenced
several American artists between 1860 and
1900 to use daily scenes as subject in their
art.

Artists: Frédéric Bazille, Paul Cézanne, Edgar

Degas, Edouard Manet, Claude Monet, Berthe
Morisot, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Renoir, Mary
Cassatt

Woman in Parasol
Claude Monet
1875
Photo credit: Visual Arts Encyclopedia

23. Japonisme

The term Japonisme was first coined

by French critic Philippe Burty in the early
1870s to refer to the Japanese art craze
that took place in Europe because of
trade.
As Japan began trade with Europe,
the aesthetic and philosophies of
Japanese design quickly became
fashionable. European collectors amassed
both high-end objets d'art and inexpensive
prints (which were actually originally
included as packing material for fragile
luxury goods).

Artists: Édouard Manet, Edward William

Godwin, James Whistler The Princess from the Land of Porcelain
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
1865
Photo Credit: Tate.Org. UK

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 24. Kinetic Art
This kind of art refers to works that are
mobile. Artists making kinetic art may use
motors to produce motion or may structure
the work so that it is responsive to the
natural movement of air currents.

Artists: Alexander Calder, Gego (Gertrud

Goldschmidt), Edoardo Landi

Lobster Trap and Fish Tail

Alexander Calder
Roxbury, Connecticut, 1939

25. Les Nabis

This movement emerged as an

innovative response to the traditional
norms of art. The Hebrew term Les Nabis,
which meant prophets were French artists
who met at the Académie Julian in Paris.
They were not cultural rebels; rather, they
were innovators who picked up and
developed themes of the moment in often
original ways.
Nude in the Bath (Nu dans le bain)
Pierre Bonnard
Artists: Pierre Bonnard, Maurice Denis, Paul 1963
Ranson , Paul Sérusier, Félix Vallotton Photo Credit: Tate.Org. UK

26. Land Art

Land art, which is also known as
earth art, was usually documented in
artworks using photographs and maps
which the artist could exhibit in a gallery.
Land artists also made land art in the
gallery by bringing in material from the
South Bank Circle
Richard Long
landscape and using it to create
1991 installations.
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art
Artists: Richard Long, Robert Smithson, Dennis
Oppenheim

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 27. Mannerism
Mannerism is an artistic style that
predominated in Italy from the end of the
High Renaissance in the 1520s to the
beginnings of the Baroque style around
1590. The term Mannerism was derived
from the Italian word Manierismo, from
maniera which means “manner,” or “style.”
The Mannerist style originated in Florence
and Rome between 1510 and 1520 and
spread to Northern Italy and, ultimately,
too much of Central and Northern Europe.
Mannerist artists began to reject the
harmony and ideal proportions of the
Renaissance in favor of irrational settings,
artificial colors, unclear subject matters,
and elongated forms.

Artists: Jacopo da Pontormo, Parmigianino,

Bronzino, Jacopo Bassano, Benvenuto, Cellini, Rape of the Sabine Women
Giambologna Giambologna
1581-83
Photo Credit: Visual Art Encyclopedia

28. Minimalism
Minimalists distanced themselves from the
Abstract Expressionists by removing
suggestions of biography from their art or,
indeed, metaphors of any kind. This denial
of expression coupled with an interest in
making objects that avoided the
appearance of fine art led to the creation
of sleek, geometric works that purposefully
and radically eschew conventional
aesthetic appeal.
Minimalists sought to break down
traditional notions of sculpture and to erase
distinctions between painting and
The X
Ronald Bladen sculpture.
1965
Artists: Frank Stella,Tony Smith, Carl Andre,
Ronald Bladen

Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 29. Magic Realism

This movement that began in Germany

in the 1920s focused less on biting social
critique and more on discovery of the
bizarre, eccentric and seemingly polar
existence of man.
Magic Realism occupies a position
between Photorealism and Surrealism in
that subjects are realistic but placed in an
unusual and surreal setting or environment.
Flat tones, ambiguous perspectives, and
strange juxtapositions suggest an imagined
or dreamed reality and are characteristics
of this movement.

Artists: Franz Radziwill, Albert Carel Willink, Ivan

Albright, Frida Kahlo, Pedro Meyer

Tree of Hope
Frida Kahlo
1946
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

30. Naturalism

Naturalism combines realism in subject

where man’s daily toil is depicted and
impressionism in terms of brush strokes. This
movement is associated with plein air
practice due to the portrayal of rustic and
out-of-doors scenarios.

Artists: Alfred Parsons, Benjamin Williams Leader,

Sir George Clausen

A Frosty March Morning

Sir George Clausen
1904
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 31. Northern Renaissance
The Northern European Renaissance
began around 1430 when artist Jan van
Eyck began to borrow the Italian
Renaissance techniques of linear
perspective, naturalistic observation, and a
realistic figurative approach for his
paintings. The extreme iconoclasm
changed the face of Northern
Renaissance art, leading to works that
were decidedly humble, presenting a
more toned down view of everyday reality.
Art was taken off its glorified pedestal that
had previously been occupied by only the
rich and powerful and made accessible to Ghent Altarpiece
the new burgeoning merchant classes. Jan Van Eyck
1431

Artists: Jan van Eyck, Roger van der Weyden, Photo credit: Visual Art Encyclopedia
Hieronymus Bosch, Albrecht Dürer, Lucas
Cranach the Elder, Hans Holbein the Younger

32. Op art

Optical art, which is comprised of

illusion and often appears to the human
eye to be moving or breathing due to its
precise, mathematically-based
composition, emerged in the 1960s. Optical
art, as official movement, has been given a
lifespan of around three years. It is in print
and television, in LP album art, and in
fashion motif in clothing and interior design
where optical art can be seen.

Artists: Victor Vasarely, Bridget Riley, Peter

Sin Hat 33
Victor Vasarely
Sedgley,
1972
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

33. Outsider Art

The term was first coined in 1972 by

art critic Roger Cardinal. It was
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 synonymous to the term Art Brut coined by
Jean Dubuffet in the 1940s to describe art
formed beyond the boundaries of the
mainstream art world.
A characteristic of Outsider Art is the
combination of mediums from varied forms
or art or craft in one art piece.

Artists: Henry Darger, Bill Traylor, William

Hawkins, Thornton Dial and Ronald Lockett,
Adolf Wölfli, Judith Scott

Untitled
1989
Judith Scott
( Yarn over mixed media supports)
Photo credit: Tate. Org.UK

34. Pop Art

Pop art, which presented a
challenge to traditions of fine art by
including imagery from popular mass
culture, emerged in the mid-1950s, in Britain
and in the late 1950s in the United States.
This art comprise advertising, news, comic
books, and mundane cultural objects. The
Whaam! art was a reaction to the seriousness of
Roy Lichtenstein Abstract Experiment Art.
1963
Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art
Artists: Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein,

35. Performance Art

Performance art differs from
traditional theater in its rejection of a clear Rhythm 0 (1974) was a six-hour work of
narrative, use of random or chance-based performance art by Serbian artist Marina
structures, and direct appeal to the Abramović in Studio Morra, Naples.
audience. While performance art is a
relatively new area of art history, it has Please watch the performance through this link:
roots in experimental art of the late 19th
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kn0-
and early 20th centuries. Echoing utopian
1d5rav0
ideas of the period’s avant-garde, these
earliest examples found influences in
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 theatrical and music performance, art,
poetry, burlesque and other popular
entertainment. Modern artists used live
events to promote extremist beliefs, often
through deliberate provocation and
attempts to offend bourgeois tastes or
expectations.

Artists: Yoko Ono, Carolee Schneemann,

Matthew Barney, Allan Kaprow, Marina
Abramović

36. Post-Impressionism
Post Impressionism as an art
movement concentrated on the artists’
subjective visions, as artists opted to evolve
emotions rather than realism in their work.
Painting during this era transcended its
traditional role as a window onto the world
and instead became a window into the
artists’ mind and soul. Groups which were
influences by the far-reaching aesthetic
impact of this movement arose during the
turn of the 20th century.

The Card Players

Artists: Paul Cézanne (known as father of Post-
Paul Cezanne impressionism), Paul Gauguin, Vincent van
1896 Gogh, and Georges Seurat.
Photo credit: Visual Art Encyclopedia

37. Public Art

Public art is a term that refers to any
work perceived or appreciated by anyone
in a public space or open community.
These art may be funded, commissioned,
donated or government-purchased.

Artists: Louise Bourgeois, Jean Tinguely, Claes

Oldenburg, Bruce Nauman, Richard Serra,
Mark Di Suvero, Antony Gormley, Anish Kapoor

Cloud Gate
Anish Kapoor
2004

Photo credit: Museum of Modern Art

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 38. Realism
Realism, which was an artistic
movement that began in the 1850s,
rejected the dominated French literature
and art of Romanticism. Realists believe
that what is real are people and situations
with truth and accuracy, including all the
unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. People
of all classes in ordinary life situations, which
often reflected the changes brought about
by the Industrial and Commercial
Revolutions, were depicted in Realist art.
The Gleaners
Jean-François Millet Artists: Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet,
1857 Édouard Manet, James Whistler, Ilya Repin,
Photo Credit: Met Museum Thomas Eakins, Jules Breton

39. Renaissance( Early)

The origins of Renaissance art can
be traced totally in the late 13th and 14th
centuries. Under the combined influences
of an increased awareness of nature, a
revival of classical learning, and a more
individualistic view of man, different
artworks were produced in Europe. Some
of these included literature, architecture,
music, sculpture, and painting.

Artists: Masaccio, Filippo Brunelleschi, Fra Dome of Cattedrale di Santa Maria del Fiore (Florence
Cathedral)
Angelico, Andrea Mantegna, Andrea
Filippo Brunelleschi
Mantegna, Sandro Botticelli 1420-36
Photo Credit: Visual Art Encyclopedia

40. Rococo
Rococo is a style in interior design.
This art includes the decorative arts,
painting, architecture, and sculpture which
began in Paris in the early 18th century but
was soon adopted throughout France and
later in other countries, specifically
Germany and Austria. The word Rococo is
derived from the French rocaille, which
denoted the shell-covered rock work that
The Settlement (from “Marriage A-la-Mode”)
was used to decorate artificial grottoes.
William Hogarth
1744
Photo Credit: Met Museum

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 Artists: Jean-Antoine Watteau, François
Boucher, Jean-Honoré Fragonard, Maurice-
Quentin de La Tour, Luis Paret y Alcázar,
Giambattista Tiepolo, Jean-François de Troy,
Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Le Brun, William Hogarth

41. Romanticism
Romanticism embraced individuality and
subjectivity to counteract the excessive
insistence on logical thought. Artists began
exploring various emotional and
psychological states as well as moods. The
preoccupation with the hero and the
genius translated to new views of the artist
as a brilliant creator who was unburdened
by academic dictate and tastes.

Artists: Henry Fuseli, William Blake, Francisco

Goya, Caspar David Friedrich, Eugène The Third of May
Francisco Goya
Delacroix, J.M.W. Turner 1808, 1814
Photo Credit: Met Museum

Luis Buñuel pioneered Surrealist cinema, 42. Surrealism

becoming the filmmaker who most Surrealism, which emphasis was on
successfully achieved the movement's positive expression, was a movement
goals of liberation from linear, logical formed as early as 1917 in Europe between
narrative. World Wars I and II as a reaction against
what its proponents saw as the destruction
Film Titles: Un Chien Andalou (1929, That brought about by “rationalism.”
Obscure Object of Desire (1977) In a surreal painting, objects are
arranged in a seemingly fantastical
manner.

Artists: Andre Breton, Jean Arp, Max Ernst,

Andre Masson Rene Magritte, Luis Bunuel
Salvador Dali

43. Suprematism

Suprematism, the invention of

Russian artist Kazimir Malevich, was one of
the earliest and most radical
developments in abstract art. Its name

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 derived from Malevich's belief that
Suprematist art would be superior to all the
art of the past, and that it would lead to
the "supremacy of pure feeling or
perception in the pictorial arts." Heavily
influenced by avant-garde poets, and an
emerging movement in literary criticism,
Malevich derived his interest in flouting the
rules of language, in defying reason. He
believed that there were only delicate links
between words or signs and the objects
they denote, and from this he saw the
possibilities for a totally abstract art.

Artists: Kazimir Malevich, Olga Rozanova, El

Lissitzky, Lyubov Popova

Flight of an Aeroplane
Olga Rozanova
1916
Photo Credit: Met Museum

44. Street Art

This movement emerged as plain

graffiti until it was recognized as
contemporary art.
The goal of street art is to create an
urban setting into an art space where
street artists are free to express themselves.
Street artists are influenced by
graffiti style, tools, and methods to send an
important message and allow viewers to
ponder and react.

Artists: Roa, Christian Guemy aka C215,

Mentalgassi, Hyuro, Banksy,
Girl with Balloon
Bansky
2002
Photo Credit: Visual Art encyclopedia

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 45. Synthetism

This movement was created as an

effort to break away from the heavy use of
light by Impressionists. Spearheaded by
Paul Gauguin, synthetists developed a kind
of painting that made use of two-
dimensional areas of pure color and thick
lines or outlines. In their work, few to non
areas are shaded.

Artists: Paul Gauguin, Émile Bernard, Louis

Anquetin

The Vision after the Sermon:

Jacob Wrestling with the Angel
Paul Gauguin
1888

46. Tachisme
The term Tachisme (tachism)
describes a style of abstract painting
characterized by the use of spots, blotches
or stains of colour (tache is French for spot
or splash). Popular during the late 1940s
and 1950s, this style of abstract art is part of
(and to this extent synonymous with) the
broader movement of Art Informel: the only
difference is that Tachisme is focused
exclusively on the type of expressive
gesture used by the artist.

The Exemplary Life of the Soil

Artists: Georges Mathieu, Jean Fautrier, Sam
Jean Dubuffet
1958 Francis, Jean Dubuffet
Photo Credit: Met Museum

47. Ukiyo-e

This Japanese term that literally

means pictures of the floating world refers
to woodblock print and painting from the
Edo( modern-day Tokyo) period.
Ukiyo-e illustrates the richness of
Japanese culture, theatre and art in

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 general, travel, eroticism, as well was
nature and landscape.
The Floating World describes the
sensory pleasures of urban life, but also
offers a bittersweet reminder of the fleeting
nature of all worldly delights. The concepts
of mono no aware and wabi-sabi are very
much evident in Ukiyo-e art.

South Wind, Clear Sky

Artists: Katsushika Hokusai, Utagawa Hiroshige,
Katsushika Hokusai
Utagawa Kunisada, Kobayashi Kiyochika, 1831
Tsukioka Yoshitoshi, Kitagawa Utamaro Photo Credit: Met Museum

48. Vienna Secession

This movement was a revolt against
traditional understanding of what counts as
art and what does not. It sought to defy the
canon of art by introducing eclecticism.
Art, according this society, must not
be constrained within an art style. Hence,
these artists created works that combined
several flairs and characteristics from
previous movements which in turn opened
the path to Modernism in art.
.

Artists: Gustav Klimt, Koloman Moser, Egon

The Beethoven Frieze Schiele, Max Kurzweil, Joseph Maria Olbrich
Gustav Klimt
1902
Photo Credit: Tate. Org.UK

49. Young British Art

The Young British Artists(YBAs) are

individuals who met in London in the late
1980s. Like other movements, their works
were created to defy traditional art. Their
works were described as shocking, violent,
bizarre, indecent, and brash. The Physical Impossibility of Death In The Mind of Someone
YBAs believe that art must not only Living
Damien Hirst
comfort but also disturb.
1991

Artists: Damien Hirst, Tracey Emin, Michael Photo Credit: Museum of Modern Art
Landy,

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 A. Now that you have studied the different Art Movements,
what additional details have you learned about the result of the
LAIN quiz ‘What Art Movement are you?’ in the Engage section of this
AGE
module? Do you agree with the result of the quiz? Do you share
certain characteristics with the art movement or the artists of the
movement? Share your thoughts by writing them down on the space provided.

________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Learn more about movements and styles by looking into the life and artistic career of
selected Western artists. Take note of the artists’ transition from one style to another and
the factors that influenced their transition or artistic growth.

Artist 1: Pablo Picasso. You may access the video through this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MpiKXnE4kUs. You may also read more
about him through this link: http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-
artists/picasso.htm.

Artist 2: Henri Matisse. You may access the video through this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G4NHDpaQW9s. You may also read
more about Matisse through this link: https://www.artistsnetwork.com/art-
history/artistic-styles-henri-matisse/

Artist 3: Vincent Van Gogh. You may access the documentary through this
link: https://www.biography.com/video/vincent-van-gogh-full-episode-
2075049808. You may also read more about Van Gogh through this link:
https://www.artble.com/artists/vincent_van_gogh

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 ELABORATE
EENGAGE

A. Picasso, Matisse, and Van Gogh like other artists started with a certain movement or
style then eventually transitioned to another. Some artists started as Surrealist then
eventually remained faithful to being Futurist. Discuss three important factors or reasons
behind such transition or change in style by artists.

Reason 1:_________________________________

Explanation:____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Reason 2:_________________________________

Explanation:____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

Reason 3:_________________________________

Explanation:____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

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 B. What do you think is the most essential thing to concentrate on to have a full grasp of
an art movement? Choose one from the choices below. Explain your answer in not more
than 10 sentences.

a. artists
b. social temperament
c. artistic tradition
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________

EVALUATE

A. This quiz will test your understanding of the core concepts related to Art Movements. You
may review your notes prior to taking the quiz. Simply lifting your explanations from the
notes as your answers is strongly discouraged.

There are Art Movements that share certain characteristics. Others may find this overlap or
similarity confusing. Classify these movements by completing the matrix below. You may
copy this format or submit as WORD DOCUMENT to the EVALUATE ART MOVEMENT
Assignment on Google Classroom.

TOTAL: 45 points

Format
Century Gothic, 11
Single space
Name, Course, Block No. and Date must be BOLD and CAPILATIZED

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 1. What are the movements that share the same kind of brush strokes or color quality?
Movements that made use Movements that made use Movements that made use
of light brush strokes of heavy or thick brush of similar color quality
strokes
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
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Brief explanation: Brief explanation: Brief explanation:

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____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

2. Which movements share the same kind of subject?

a. Nature b. Religious or Mythological c. Non-objective or Abstract
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
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____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
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Brief explanation: Brief explanation: Brief explanation:

____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

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 3. Which movements share the same kind of influence?
a. People b. Social events c. Reaction or Opposition to
another Movement
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

Brief explanation: Brief explanation: Brief explanation:

____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
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____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________
____________________________ ____________________________ ____________________________

B. An art student is a creative one. This task called Selfie Glow-up will reveal your preferred
style or movement. To accomplish this task, follow the succeeding steps:
1. Look for a 2x2 ID picture with white background. If you don’t have one, you may
take a selfie with a white background then print your picture on a short bond paper
(maximum size is 6x6).
2. Redesign your picture using a particular style from any of the movements. You may
distort, add details, enhance, or refashion your picture depending on your preferred
movement.
3. Make sure to write or encode the title of your work below your picture.
4. In not more than 100 words, provide an explanation of the style/movement. Encode
your explanation below the title of your work.
5. Create a digital copy of your accomplished task and submit as JPEG, PDF, or DOC
to the SELFIE GLOW-UP Assignment in Google Classroom on or before July 1, 2020.

TOTAL: 45 points
Criteria:
1. Evidence of artistic movement characteristics: 10 points
2. Originality of arrangement: 10 points
3. Quality and Depth of explanation: 10 points
4. Neatness: 5 points
5. On-time submission: 10 points

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 References:
Kleiner, F. (2012). Gardner's AH through the ages: A concise history of western ad. Belmont,
CA, Wadsworth.

Kleiner, F. (2016). Art through the ages: A global history (15th ed.). Boston: Cengage
Learning.

Ortiz, M. A., Teresita, E., Guillermo, A. Montano, M. and Pilar, S. (1976). Art: Perception and
appreciation. Manila: University of the East.

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egyptian-art/
www.arthistory.net/greek-art/
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guide-rome/a/ introduction-to-ancient-roman-art
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https://www.thartstory.org/movement-futurism.htm
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https:/www.ducksters.com/history/art/pop-art-ph

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