Page 1

pKa Data Compiled by R. Williams

pKa Values

INDEX

Inorganic 2 Phenazine 24

Phosphates 3 Pyridine 25

Carboxylic acids 4, 8 Pyrazine 26

Aliphatic 4, 8

Aromatic 7, 8 Quinoline 27

Phenols 9 Quinazoline 27

Alcohols and oxygen acids 10, 11 Quinoxaline 27

Amino Acids 12 Special Nitrogen Compounds 28

Peptides 13 Hydroxylamines 28

Nitrogen Compounds 14 Hydrazines 28

Aliphatic amines 15, 17, 19 Semicarbazones 28

Cyanoamines 16 Amidoximes 28

Anilines 17, 18, 20 Thiols 29

Nucleosides 21 Carbon Acids 30,31

Special Table Heterocycles 22 Indicators 31

Acridine 23 References 32-34

Benzoquinoline 24

Cinnoline 23

Hydantoin 24

Imidazole 24

For complex chelating agents, see also reference 77.

Note. This document was compiled by W.P. Jencks and has been added to by F.H. Westheimer
 Page 2
pKa Data Compiled by R. Williams

ACIDS
Compound pK Ref. H3 PO 2 2.0, 2.23* 28
H2 PO 4 – 7.21* 77
AgOH 3.96 4
HPO 4 _ 12.32* 77
Al(OH)3 11.2 28
H3 PO 3 2.0 28
As(OH)3 9.22 28
H3 AsO 4 2.22, 7.0, 13.0 28 H2 PO 3 – 6.58* 77
H4 P 2 O 7 1.52* 77
H2 AsO 4 – 6.98* 77
HAsO 4 * 11.53* 77 H3 P 2 O 7 – 2.36* 77
As 2 O 3 0 4 H2 P 2 O 7 = 6.60* 77
H3 AsO 3 9.22* HP2 O 7 = 9.25* 77
H3 BO 3 9.23* 28 HReO4 -1.25 30
H2 B4 O 7 4.00 34 HSCN 4.00 34
HB4 O 7 9.00 34 H2 SeO3 2.6, 8.3, 2.62* 28
Be(OH) 2 3.7 4 HSeO3 8.32 77
HBr -9.00 31 H2 SeO4 Strong, 2.0 28
HOBr 8.7 28 HSeO4 2.00 34
HOCl 7.53, 7.46 28, 33 H3 SiO 3 10.0 34
HClO2 2.0 28 H2 SO 3 1.9, 7.0, 1.76* 28, 77
HClO3 -1.00 28 H2 SO 4 -3.0, 1.9 28
HClO4 (70%) -10.00 31 HSO 3 7.21* 77
CH3 SO 3 H -0.6 31 HSO 4 – 1.99* 77
HCN 9.40 34 H2 S2 O 4 1.9 29
H2 CO 3 6.37, 6.35*, 3.58 34, 32 H2 Se 3.89* 77
HCO 3 10.33*
HSe– 11.00* 77
H2 CrO4 -0.98 30
H2 S 7.00* 77
HCrO4 6.50* 2, 30
HOCN 3.92 34 HS– 12.92* 77
HZ 3.17*, 0.59* 77 HSbO 2 11.0 34
H2 GeO3 8.59, 12.72 34, 78 HTe 5.00 34
Ge(OH)4 8.68, 12.7 28 H2 Te 2.64, 11.0 34, 78
HI -10.0 31 H2 TeO 3 2.7, 8.0 28
HOI 11.0 28 Te(OH) 6 6.2, 8.8 28
HIO3 0.8 28 H2 VO 4 – 8.95 30
H4 IO6 – 6.00 34 HVO4 = 14.4 30
H5 IO6 1.64, 1.55, 8.27 34, 28 H2 CrO4 0.74 77
HMnO4 -2.25 30 HOCN 3.73 77
NH3 OH* 5.98* HSCN 0.85 77
NH4 * 9.24* 77 H3 PO 2 1.07 77
HN3 4.72* 77 H3 PO 4 2.12* 77
HNO2 3.29 28 H2 S2 O 3 0.60*, 1.72* 77
HNO3 -1.3 28 H3 AuO3 13.3, 16.0 78
N2 H5 + 7.99* 77 H3 GaO 3 10.32, 11.7 78
H2 N2 O 2 7.05 34 H5 IO6 3.29, 6.70, 15.0 78
(see above!)
H2 N2 O 2 – 11.0 34 H4 V6 O 17 1.96 78
H2 OsO 5 12.1 34 H2 NSO 3 H 1.0 80
H2 O 15.7 none
H3 O + -1.7 none * Indicates a thermodynamic value.
Pb(OH)2 6.48 (10.92) 4 (78)
 Page 3

PHOSPHATES AND PHOSPHONATES CF 3- 1.16, 3.93 57

CCl 3- 1.63, 4.81 57
Phosphates NH 3+CH 2- 2.35, 5.9 57
Compound pK Ref. ( –OOCCH 2) 2NH +CH 2– --, 5.57 57
Phosphate 1.97, 6.82, 12.5 55 CHCl 2- 1.14, 5.61 57
Glyceric acid 2-phosphate 3.6, 7.1 53 CH 2CI- 1.40, 6.30 57
Enolpyruvic acid 3.5, 6.4 53
CH 2Br- 1.14, 6.52 57
Methyl- 1.54, 6.31 55
Ethyl- 1.60, 6.62 55 ( –OOCCH 22NH +(CH 2) 2- --, 6.54 57
n-Propyl- 1.88,6.67 55 CH 2I- 1.30, 6.72 57
n-Butyl- 1.80, 6.84 55 NH 3+CH 2CH 2- 2.45, 7.00 57
Dimethyl- 1.29 55 C6H 5CH=CH- 2.00, 7.1 57
Di-n-propyl 1.59 55 HOCH 2- 1.91, 7.15 57
Di-n-butyl- 1.72 55 C6H 5NH 2+(CH 2) 3- 2.1, -- 57
Glucose-3- 0.84, 5.67 56 C6H 5NH(CH 2) 3- --, 7.17 57
Glucose-4- 0.84, 5.67 56
Br(CH 2) 2- 2.25, 7.3 57
α-glycero- 1.40, 6.44 54
β-glycero- 1.37, 6.34 54 CH 3(CH 2) 5CH(COO–)- --, 7.5 57
3-phosphoglyceric acid 1.42, 3.42 54 C6H 5CH 2- 2.3, 7.55 57
2-phosphoglyceric acid 1.42, 3.55, 7.1 NH 3+(CH 2) 4)- 2.55, 7.55 57
peroxymonophosphoric acid 4.05 69 NH 3+(CH 2) 5- 2.6, 7.6 57
diphosphoglyceric acid 7.40, 7.99 54
NH 3+(CH 2) 10- --, 8.00 57
glyceraldehyde- 2.10, 6.75 54
–OOC(CH2) 10- --, 8.25 57
dioxyacetone- 1.77,6.45 54
hexose di- 1.52, 6.31 54 (CH 3) 3SiCH 2- 3.22, 8.70 57
fructose-6- 0.97, 6.11 54 C6H 5CH 2- 3.3, 8.4 57
glucose-6- 0.94, 6.11 54 (C 6H 5)SC- 3.85, 9.00 57
glucose-1- 1.10, 6.13 54
adenylic acid 3.8?, 6.2? 54 Arylphosphonic acids
inosinic acid 2.4?, 6.4? 54 2X-RC6H 3PO3H 2
ADP 2 strong, 6.6 54 X R
ATP 3 strong, 6.6 54 Cl 4-O 2N 1.12, 6.14 57
pyrophosphoric acid 0.9, 2.0, 6.6, 9.4 54 Br 5-O 2N (a), 6.14 57
phosphopyruvic acid 3.5, 6.38 54 Cl 5-Cl (a), 6.63 57
creatine phosphate 2.7, 4.5 54 Cl H 1.63, 6.98 57
arginine phosphate 2.8, 4.5, 9.6, 11.2 54 Br H 1.64, 7.00 57
arginine 2.02, 9.0, 12.5 54 Br 5-CH 3 1.81, 7.15 57
amino phosphate (-0.9), 2.8, 8.2 54
Cl 4-NH 2 --, 7.33 57
trimetaphosphate 2.05 77
CH 3O 4-O 2N 1.53, 6.96 57
Phosphonates CH 3O H 2.16, 7.77 57
H 2O3P(CH 2) 4PO3H 2 <2, 2.75, 7.54, 8.38 57 CH 3O 4-O 2N --, 8.22 57
H 2O3P(CH 2) 3PO3H 2 <2, 2.65, 7.34, 8.35 57 HO 4-O 2N 1.22, 5.39 57
H 2O3PCH 2CH(CH 3)PO 3H 2 <2, 2.6, 7.00, 9.27 57 O2N H 1.45, 6.74 57
H 2O3PCH 2PO3H 2 <2, 2.57, 6.87, 10.33 57 F H 1.64, 6.80 57
Methyl- 2.35 57 I H 1.74, 7.06 57
Ethyl- 2.43 57 NH 2H --, 7.29 57
n-propyl- 2.45 57 CH 3H 2.10, 7.68 57
isopropyl- 2.55, 7.75 57 C6H 5 H (a), 8.13 57
n-butyl- 2.59, 8.19 57 HOOC H 1.71, 9.17 57
isobutyl- 2.70, 8.43 57
s-butyl- 2.74, 8.48 57 **These values were obtained in 50% ethanol.
t-butyl- 2.79, 8.88 57 (a) The compounds were not sufficiently soluble.
neopentyl- 2.84, 8.65 57 For graphical plots of a large number of substituted
1,1 Dimethylpropyl- 2.88, 8.96 57 phosphorus compounds see 83.
n-hexyl- 2.6, 7.9 57
n-dodecyl- --, 8.25 57 triphosphate 8.90, 6.26, 2.30 77
CH 3(CH 2) 5CH(COOH)- 1, -- 57 tetrametaphosphate 2.74 77
 Page 4

fluorophosphate 0.55, 4.8 56 Acetic acids, substituted

Phosphonates (Ref. 2) H- 4.76* 20
X -H -H -NH 3+ -NH 3+ O2N- 1.68* 20
X(CH 2)PO 3H 2 2.35 7.1 1.85 5.35 +
(CH 3)3N - 1.83* 20
X(CH 2) 2PO3H 2 2.45 7.85 2.45 7.00 +
(CH 3)2NH - 1.95* 20
X(CH 2) 4PO3H 2 2.55 7.55 +
CH 3NH2 - 2.16* 20
X(CH 2) 5PO3 H2 2.6 7.65
X(CH 2) 6PO2H 2 2.6 7.9 NH3+- 2.31* 20
X(CH 2) 10PO2H 2 8.00 CH 3SO2- 2.36* 20
Phosphines in acetonitrile, see ref. 89. NC- 2.43* 20
C 6H5SO2- 2.44 20
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS HO2C 2.83* 20
Aliphatic C 6H5SO- 2.66 20
Compound pK Ref. F- 2.66 20
Acetoacetic 3.58 6 Cl- 2.86* 20
Acetopyruvic 2.61, 7.85 (enol) 6 Br- 2.86 20
Aconitic, trans- 2.80, 4.46 6 Cl2- 1.29 20
Betaine 1.84 6 F2- 1.24 20
Citric 3.09, 4.75, 5.41 6 Br3- 0.66 20
Crotonic 4.69 6 Cl3- 0.65 20
Dihydroxyfumaric 1.14 6 F3- 0.23 (-0.26) (2) 20
Dethylenediamine- 2.00, 2.67 6 HONC4 3.01 20
tetraacetic 6.16, 10.26
F3C- 3.07* 20
Formic 3.77* 2
Fumaric 3.03, 4.54 6 N3- 3.03 20
Glyceric 3.55 6 I- 3.12 20
Glycollic 3.82 6 C 6H5O- 3.12 20
Glyoxylic 3.32 6 C 2H5O2C- 3.35 20
Homogentistic 4.40 6 C 6H5S- 3.52* 20
α-keto-β-methyl valeric 2.3 6 CH 3O- 3.53 20
Lactic 3.86 6 NCS- 3.58 20
Maleic 1.93, 6.58 6 CH 3CO- 3.58* 20
Malic 3.40, 5.2 6 C 2H5O- 3.60 20
Oxaloacetic (trans-enol) 2.56 6 n-C 3H7O 3.65 20
+(cis-enol) 2.15, 4.06 6 n-C 4H9O 3.66 20
Protocatechuic 4.48 6 sec.-C4H9O- 3.67 20
Pyruvic 2.50 6 HS- 3.67* 20
Tartaric + 2.99, 4.40 6 i-C3H7O- 3.69* 20
+ or - 2.89, 4.40 6 CH 3S- 3.72* 20
meso 3.22, 4.85 6 i-C3H7S- 3.72* 20
Vinylacetic 4.42 6
C 6H5CH 2S- 3.73* 20
C 2H5S- 3.74* 20
n-C 3H7S- 3.77* 20
n-C 4H9S- 3.81* 20
HO- 3.83* 20
–O3S- 4.05 20
(C 6H5)3CS- 4.30* 20
C 6H5- 4.31* 20
CH 2-CH- 4.35* 20

* Indicates thermodynamic values.

 Page 5

Unsaturated acids (25°)

Compound pK ref. Compound pK ref.
trans-CH 3-CH=CHCO 2H 4.69* 20 H-CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.88* 2
cis-CH3-CH=CHCO 2H 4.44* 2 H-CH=CHCO 2H 4.25* 2
C 6H5-CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.66* 2 C 6H5CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.66* 2
trans-C 6H5-CH=CHCO 2H 4.44* 2 C 6H5CH=CHCO 2H** 4.44* 2
m-CH 3OC6H4CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.65* C 6H5CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.66* 2
2 C 6H5CH=CHCO 2H** 4.44 2
m-CH 3OC6H4CH=CHCO 2H 4.38* 2 m-ClC 6H4CH=CHCO 2H** 4.29* 2
m-ClC 6H4CH 2CH 2CO2H 4.58* 2

Unsaturated acids, Cis- and Trans-

Cis-Acid Trans-Acid
H R2 R1 R2
C C C C
R1 H CO 2H
CO 2H

R1 R2 cis-acid trans-acid Ref.

H- H- 4.25* 4.25* 2
CH 3- H- 4.44* 4.69* 2
Cl- H- 3.32 3.65 2
C 6H5- H- 3.88* 4.44* 2
ClC 6H4 H- 3.91 4.41 2
6-BrC 6H4 H- 4.02 4.41 2
CH 3- CH 3- 4.30 5.02 2
C 6H5- H- 5.26*** 5.58*** 2
2,4,6-(CH 3)3C 6H2- H- 6.12*** 5.70*** 2
C 6H5- CH 3- 4.98*** 5.98*** 2
Dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated*
Maleic 1.92, 6.23 2 Alicyclic Dicarboxylic acids
Citraconic (Dimethylmaleic acid)
2.29, 6.15 2 cis-Caronic(1,1-dimethylcyclopropane-23-
Acetylenedicarboxylic 1.73, 4.40 2 dicarboxylic acid 2.34*, 8.31* 2
∆ -tetrahydrophthalic
1 3.01, 5.34 2 1,2-trans-cyclopropanedicarboxylic
Bromomaleic 1.45, 4.62 2 3.65*, 5.13* 2
Bromofumaric 1.46, 3.57 2 trans-caronic 3.82*, 5.32* 2
Chlorofumaric 1.78, 3.81 2 1,2-cis-cyclopropane-dicarboxylic
Fumaric 3.02, 4.38 2 3.33*, 6.47* 2
Mesaconic (Dimethylfumaric acid)
3.09, 4.75 2 **trans
Phthalic 2.95, 5.41 2 ***in 40% acetone
Itaconic (1-Propene-2-3-dicarboxylic acid) *thermodynamic
3.85, 5.45 2
Chloromaleic 1.72, 3.86 2
 Page 6

Aliphatic

Alicyclic Dicarboxylic acids

Compound pK Ref Compound pK Ref
1,2-trans-Cyclopropane- cis-Ethyleneoxide-
dicarboxylic 3.65, 5.13 2 dicarboxylic 1.94, 3.92 2
trans-Ethyleneoxide- 1,3-cis-Cyclobutane-
dicarboxylic 1.93, 3.25 2 dicarboxylic 4.03, 5.31 2
1,3-trans -Cyclobutanedi- 1,2-cis-Cyclopentane-
carboxylic 3.81, 5.28 2 dicarboxylic 4.37, 6.51 2
1,2-trans-Cyyclopentane- 1,3-cis-Cyclopentane
dicarboxylic 3.89, 5.91 2 dicarboxylic 4.23, 5.53 2
1,3-trans-Cyclopentane- 1,2-cisCyclohexane-
dicarboxylic 4.40, 5.45 2 dicarboxylic 4.34, 6.76 2
1,2-trans-Cyclohexane- 1,3 -cis-Cyclohexane-
dicarboxylic 4.18, 5.93 2 dicarboxylic 4.10, 5.46 2
1,3-trans-Cyclohexane- 1,4-cis-Cyclohexane
dicarboxylic 4.31, 5.73 2 di-carboxylic 4.44, 5.79 2
1,4-trans-Cyclohexane-
dicarboxylic 4.18, 5.42 2

Dicarboxylic acids*
oxalic 1.23, 4.19 2 Succinic 4.19, 5.48 2
Malonic 2.83, 5.69 2 O-O’-Dimethyl- 3.77, 5.94 2
Methyl- 3.05, 5.76 2 (high melting)
Ethyl- 2.99, 5.83 2 O-O’-Dimethyl- 3.94, 6.20 2
n-propyl 3.00, 5.84 2 (low melting)
i-propyl- 2.94, 5.88 2 O,O’-Diethyl- 3.63, 6.46 2
Dimethyl- 3.17, 6.06 2 (high melting)
Methylethyl- 2.86, 6.41 2 O,O’-Diethyl- 3.51, 6.60 2
Diethyl- 2.21, 7.29 2 (low melting)
Ethyl-n-propyl- 2.15, 7.43 2 Tetramethyl- 3.50, 7.28 2
Di-n-propyl- 2.07, 7.51 2
Glutaric 4.34, 5.42 2 Adipic 4.42, 5.41 2
B-Methyl 4.25, 6.22 2 Pimelic 4.48, 5.42 2
B-Ethyl 4.29, 6.33 2 Suberic 4.52, 5.40 2
B-n-Propyl 4.31, 6.39 2 Azelaic 4.55, 5.41 2
B,B-Dimethyl- 3.70, 6.29 2 DL-1:2-Dichlorosuccinic 1.68, 3.18 20
B,B-Methylethyl- 3.62, 6.70 2 meso-1:2-Dichlorosuccinic 1.74, 3.24 20
B,B-Diethyl- 3.62, 7.12 2 DL-1:2-Dibromosuccinic 1.48, ---- 20
B,B-Di-n-propyl 3.69, 7.31 2 meso-1:2-Dibromosuccinic 1.42, 2.97 20
D-Tartaric 3.03, 4.45 20 DL-1:2-Dimethylsuccinic 3.93, 6.00 20
DL-Tartaric 3.03, ---- 20 meso-1:2-Dimethylsuccinic 3.77, 5.36 20
meso-Tartaric 3.29, 4.92 20

*All are thermodynamic values

Aliphatic HO- 6.33 2

Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-1-carboxylic acids, 4- Br- 6.08 2
substituted
Lysergic acid, etc.
H- 6.75 2 ergometrine 6.8, -- 2
C 2H5O2C- 6.31 2 Dihydroergometrine 7.4, -- 2
NC- 5.90 2 β-dihydrolysergol 8.2, -- 2
 Page 7

Lysergic acid 7.8, 3.3 2 C 6H5O- 3.53* 3.95* 4.52*

α-dihydrolysergic 8.3, 3.6 2 CH 3- 3.91* 4.24* 4.34*
ergometrinine 7.3, -- 2 (CH 3)2CH- 4.35*
α-dihydrolysergol 8.3, -- 2 (CH 3)3N+- 1.37 3.45 3.43
6-methylergoline 8.85, -- 2 NC- 3.60* 3.55*
isolysergic acid 8.4, 3.4 2 HO2C* 2.95* 3.54 3.51
γ-dihydrolysergic 8.6, 3.6 2 F3C- 3.79
HO- 2.98* 4.08* 4.58*
I- 2.85* 3.86*
Hydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acids Cl- 2.94* 3.83* 3.99*
Cyclohexanecarboxylic 4.90 2 (CH 3)3Si- 4.24* 4.27*
cis-1,2 4.80 2 C 2H5O- 4.21* 4.17* 4.45*
cis-1,3 4.60 2 i-C3H7O- 4.24* 4.15* 4.68*
cis-1,4 4.84 2
n-C 5H11O- 4.55*
trans-1,2 4.68 2
trans-1,3 4.82 2 C 6H5- 3.46*
trans-1,4 4.68 2 CH 3CH 2- 3.77 4.35*
(CH 3)3C- 3.46 4.28 4.40*
Aromatic –HO3P- 3.78 4.03 3.95
benzene-CO3H 4.20* 2 –O3S- 4.15 4.11
Anthracene-1-COOH 3.69 2 H2N- 4.98 4.79 4.92
Anthracene-9-COOH 3.65 2 (CH 3)2N- 8.42 5.10 5.03
naphthalene-2-COOH 4.17 2 –HO3As- 4.22
Naphthalene-1-COOH 3.69 2 –O2C- 5.41** 4.60 4.82
CH 3NH- 5.3 5.10 5.04
Substituted benzoic acids (ref. 2)
COOH
*thermodynamic
for complex chelating agents, see also ref. 84.
Benzoic acid o m p see also page 9a for more carboxylic acids.

H- 4.20* 4.21* Ortho-substituted benzoic acids

O2N- 2.17* 3.45* 3.44 Benzoic acid pK Ref.
CH 3CO- 2-CH 3- 3.91** 2
CH 3SO2- 3.64* 3.52* 2-t-C 4H9- 3.46 2
CH 3S- 2,6-(CH 3)2- 3.21 2
HS- 2,3,4,6-(CH 3)4- 4.00 2
Br- 2.85* 3.81* 4.00* 2,3,5,6-(CH 3)4- 3.52 2
F- 3.27* 3.87* 4.14* 2-C 2H5- 3.77 2
CH 3O- 4.09* 4.09* 4.47* 2-C 6H5- 3.46** 2
n-C 3H7O- 4.24* 4.20* 4.46* 2,4,6-(CH 3)3- 3.43 2
n-C 4H9O- 4.25* 4.53* 2,3,4,5-(CH 3)4- 4.22 2
Benzene Polycarboxylic acids Ref. 2

Acid Position of carboxyl pKI pKII pKIII pKIV pKV pKVI

Benzoic 1 4.17*
Phthalic 1,2 2.98* 5.28*
Isophthalic 1,3 3.46* 4.46*
Terephthalic 1,4 3.51* 4.82*
Hemimellitic 1,2,3 2.80* 4.20* 5.87*
Trimellitic 1,2,4 2.52* 3.84* 5.20*
 Page 8

Trimesic 1,3,5 3.12* 3.89* 4.70*

Mellophanic 1,2,3,4 2.06* 3.25* 4.73* 6.21*
Prehnitic 1,2,3,5 2.38* 3.51* 4.44* 5.81*
Pyromellitic 1,2,4,5 1.92* 2.87* 4.49* 5.63*
Benzenepentacarboxylic 1,2,3,4,5 1.80* 2.73* 3.97* 5.25* 6.46*
Mellitic 1.2,3,4,5,6 1.40* 2.19* 3.31* 4.78* 5.89* 6.96*
*ionic strength 0.03 2-Methoxyethyliminodiacetic 2.2, 8.96
**thermodynamic 2-Methylthioethyliminodiacetic 2.1, 8.91
oxalic acid* 1.25, 4.14
N-n-propylaminoacetic 2.25, 10.03
Carboxylic Acids Ref. 77 N-2-sulfoethyliminodiacetic 1.92, 2.28, 8.16
Aminomalonic acid* 3.32, 9.83 α-Bromobutyric acid 2.97
N-Butylaminoacetic acid 2.29, 10.07 N-(carbamoylmethyl)-imino-diacetic acid
2-carboxyethyliminodiacetic acid 2.30, 6.60
2.06, 3.69, 9.66 Cyanomethyliminodiacetic 3.06, 4.34
β-carboxymethylaminopropionic 3.61, 9.46 α,β-diaminopropionic acid 1.23, 6.69
α,α-diaminobutyric 1.85, 8.24, 10.44 Diethylaminoacetic 2.04, 10.47
Di-(carboxymethyl)-aminomethyl phosphonic Dimethylaminoacetic 2.08, 9.80
acid 2.00, 2.25, 5.57, 10.76 N-ethylaminoacetic 2.30, 10.10
α,β-dimercaptosuccinic 2.40, 3.46, 9.44, 11.82 Gluconic* 3.86
Ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic 5.58, 11.05 β-hydroxybutyric 4.39
α-hydroxybutyric 3.65 β-hydroxypropionic 3.73
N-2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic 2.2, 8.73 Iminodiacetic* 2.98, 9.89
3-hydroxypropyliminodiacetic 2.06, 9.24 β-iodopropionic* 4.04
Iminodipropionic 4.11, 9.61 N-isopropylaminoacetic 2.36, 10.06
Isobutyric* 4.86 α-mercaptobutyric 3.53
Mandelic acid 3.41 N-methylaminoacetic 2.24, 10.01
2-Mercaptoethyliminodiacetic Nitrilotriacetic 3.03, 3.07, 10.
-2.14, 8.17, 10.79 2-Phosphonoethyliminodiacetic
Methyliminodiacetic 2.81, 10.18 1.95, 2.45, 6.54, 10.46

*Thermodynamic
 Page 9

PHENOLS

Compound pK Ref. Compound pK Ref.

Chromotropic acid 5.36, 15.6 6 Resorcinol --, 9.15 (30 o) 50
o-Methoxyphenol --, 9.93 50 p-Methoxyphenol --, 10.16 50
o-Hydroxybenz- 3-Hydroxyanthran-
aldehyde 7.95 50 ilic acid 10.09, 5.20 51
2-Amino-4,5 dimethyl- 2-Aminophenol
phenol hydrochloride 10.4 5.28 51 hydrochloride 9.99, 4.86 51
4,5-dihydroxybenzene-
1,3 disulphonic acid 7.66 12.6e

Kojic acid 9.40 77

Phenol o m p Phenol o m p
H- 9.95* 9.94* O 2 N- 7.23* 8.35* 7.14*
(CH 3 ) 3 N+ - 7.42 8 8 OCH- 6.79 8.00 7.66
CH3 SO 2 - 9.33 7.83 NC- 8.61**7.95
CH3 CO- 9.19 8.05 CH3 O 2 C- 8.47*
C2 H5 O 2 C- 8.50* n-C4 H9 O 2 C- 8.47*
C3 H5 CH2 O 2 C- 8.41* I- 9.17*
Br- 8.42* 9.11* 9.34* Cl- 8.48* 9.02* 9.38*
F- 8.81* 9.28* 9.95* CH3 S- 9.53 9.53
HO- 9.48 9.44 9.96 HOCH2 - 9.92* 9.83* 9.82*
CH3 - 10.28*10.08 10.19* C2 H5 - 10.2 9.9 10.0
CH3 O- 9.93 9.65 10.20 H2 N- 9.71 9.87 10.30
- O 2 C- 9.94* 9.39* - O 3 S- 9.29 9.03
-- O 3 P- 10.2 9.9 -- O 3 As 8.37
C6 H5 - 9.93 9.59 9.51 NO- 6.35**
2-Chloro-4-Nitro- 5.42 79
2-Nitro-4-Chloro- 6.46 79

* Thermodynamic
**Reference 52
 Page 10

ALCOHOLS and other OXYGEN ACIDS

Alcohols

Compound pK Ref. Compound pK Ref.

Choline 13.9 6 C3 F7 •CH(C2 F5) •OH 10.48 65
Chloral hydrate 9.66, 11.0 61 (C3 F7 )2 CH•OH 10.52 65
Trifluoroethanol 12.5 62 Carbonium ions
CF3 CH2 OH 11.4, 12.43 63
CF3 CH(OH)CH3 11.8 63 Triphenylmethanols in H 2SO 4 HC1O 4 HNO3 ref
CF3 CH2 (CH3 )3OH 12.43 10 4,4,4-Trimethoxy .82. .82 .80 66
C3 F7 CH2 OH 11.4** 63 4,4’-Dimethoxy -1.24 -1.14 -1.11 66
(C3 F7 )2 CHOH 10.6** 63 4-Methoxy -3.40 -3.59 -3.41 66
HCCCH2 OH 13.55 64 4-Methyl -5.41 -5.67 66
C(CH2 OH))4 14.1 64 4 -Trideuteriomethyl- 5.43 5.67 66
HOCH2 CHOHCH2 OH 4.4 64 3,3’,3”-Trimethyl- 6.35 -5.95 66
HOCH2 CH2 OH 14.77 64 Unsubstituted triphenyl-
CH3 CCH2 OH 14.82 64 methanol- 6.63 -6.89 6.60 66
CH3 OH 15.54 64 4,4;,4;-Trichloro- 7.74- 8.01 66
CH2 =CHCH2 OH 15.52 64 4 -Nitro- 9.15- 9.76 66
H2 O 15.74 64 CCl3 CH2 OH 11.8***
CH3 CH2 OH 16 64 CF3 CH2 OH 11.3***
Substituent effects for ionization of RCH2OH
R
CCl-3 12.24,11.80 64,65
CF3- 12.37 64
CHF2 CH2 - 12.74 64 Hydroxamic acids
CHCl2 - 12.89 64 Furo- 8.45 72
CHEC- 13.55 64 Glycine 7.40 72
H2 Cl- 14.31 64 Hippuro- 8.80 72
CH3 CCH2 - 14.8 64 isoNicotin 7.85 72
HOCH2 15.1 64 p-Methylbenz- 8.90 72
H- 15.5 64 Nicotin- 8.30 72
CH2 =CH- 15.5 64 Nicotin-methiodide 6.46 72
CH3 -(extrap) (15.9) 64 m-Nitrobenz- 8.07 72
CF3 C(CH3 )2 OH 11.6 64 Picolin 8.50 72
HOCH2 CF2 CH2 OH 11 64 Pyrimidine-2-carbox- 7.88 72
Primary alcohols=R•CH2 •OH and Salicyl- 7.43 72
Secondary alcohols in 50% alcohol Tropo- 9.09 72
C2 F5 11.35 65
C4 F9 11.35 65
C5 F11 11.37 65
C7 F15 11.35 65 Other oxygen acids
CHF2 12.00 65 Trimethylamine-n-oxide 4.6 18
CF2 Cl 11.63 65 Dimethylglyoxime 12.84 77
CHF2 CF2 11.34 65 (50% dioxane)
CHF2 • (CF2 )2 11.35 65 O-methyl ether 12.92 77
CF3 • CH2 12.7 65 Tropolone 12a 77
CF3 • (CH2 )2 12.9 65 α-Bromotropolone 6.95 a 77
CF3 • CHMe • OH 11.28 65 Acetald hydrate 13.48 91
C3 F7 • CHMe • OH 11.38 65 Formald hydrate 13.29 91
C3 F7 CHEt • OH 11.37 65
C3 F7 CHPr • OH 11.37 65
C3 F7 • CH(CF3 ) • OH 10.46 65 a 50% dioxane
***50 aquaeous ethanol
 Page 11

OTHER OXYGEN ACIDS Hydroxamic acids

Aceto- 9.40 68
Compound pK Ref. n-Butyro- 9.48 68
Pyridine oxides n-Butyro- 9.00 68
4-Aminopyridine 1-oxide 3.69 67 p-Methoxybenzo- 9.19 68
4-Dimethylaminopyridine 1-oxide N-Hydroxyphthalimide 7.00, 6.10 71, 72
3.88 67 Salicylo 7.32 68
4-Dimethylaminopyridine 1-oxide Benzo- 8.88 68
3.88 67 p-Chlorobenzo- 9.59 68
4-Dimethylamino-1-methoxypyridinium α-Naphtho- ~7.7 68
perchlorate >11 67 Propiono- 9.46 68
2-Methylaminopyridine 1-oxide 2.61 67
2-Amino-1-methoxypyridinium perchlorate
12.4 67 Oximes
4-Hydroxypyridine 1-oxide 2.45 67 Benzophenone oxime 11.3 18
4-Methoxypyridine 1-oxide 2.05 67 Diethyl ketoxime 12.6 18
1-Methoxypyridi-4-one 2.57 67 Isonitrosoacetylacetone (INAA) 7.4 76
2-Hydroxypyridine 1-oxide -0.8 67 5-Methyl-1,2,3-cyclohexanetrione-1,3-dioxime
2-Ethoxypyridine 1-oxide 1.18 67 8.3 76
1-Methoxypyrid-2-one -1.3 Acetophenone oxime 11.48 18
4-Methylaminopyridine 1-oxide 3.85 67 Acetoxime 11.42 18
4-Amino-1-methoxypyridinium perchlorate Isonitrosoacetone (INA) 8.3 76
>11 67 Salicyclaldoxime (SA) 9.2 76
2-Aminopyridine 1-oxide 2.67 67 1,2,3-Cyclohexanetrionetrioxime 8.0 76
2-Dimethylaminopyridine 1-oxide 5-Methyl-1,2,3-cyclohexane-trionetrioxime
2.27 67 8.0 76
2-Methylamino-1-methoxypyridinium toluene-
p-sulphonate >11 67
4-Benzyloxypyridine 1-oxide 1.99 67 Oxygen acids
1-Benzyloxypyrid-4-one 2.58 67 sulfinic acids
2-Methoxypyridine 1-oxide 1.23 67 p-Toluene- 1.99 73
1-Benzyloxypyrid-2-one -1.7 67 p-Chlorobenzene- 73
p-Nitrobenzene- 73
Pyridine 1-oxides p-Bromobenzene- 1.89 73
R pK Ref. m-Nitrobenzene- 1.88 73
4-CH 3 1.29 47 Benzene- 1.84, 2.16 73
3-CH 3 1.08 47
3,4-(CH) 4 1.01 47 Peroxyacids
3-COOC4H9 0.03 47 Peroxymonosulfuric 9.4 69
4-NO2 -1.7 47 Acetic 8.2 70
3-NH2 1.47 47 n-Butyric 8.2 70
H 0.79 47 Formic 7.1 70
3-COOH 0.09 47 Propionic 8.1 70
4-COOH -0.48 47 peroxydiphosphoric 5.18, 7.8 85
peroxymonophosphoric 4.85 90
Peroxides ROOH (Ref. 70)
H CH 3 C 2H5 iso-C 3H7 tert-C4H9 iso-C 4H9
11.6 11.5 11.8 12.1 12.8 12.8

Oximes ref. 93 Pyridine-2-aldoxime heptiodide 8.00

benzoquinoline mon- 6.25 Pyridine-4-aldoxime methiodide 8.50
3-pyridine-1,2-ethanedione-2-oxime Pyridine-4-aldoxime pentiodide 8.50
methiodide 7.20
 Page 12

4-Pyridine-1,2-ethanedione-2-oxime O-Methyltyrosine ethyl ester 7.31 22

methiodide 7.1 octopine 13, 1.36 8.77
Pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide 8.0 6
Phenylglyoxald- 8.3 2.40
Pyridine-4-aldoxime dodeciodide 8.5 Phenylalanine 1.83 9.13 6
Pyridine-3-alkoxime methiodide 9.2 2-Pyrrolidoone-5-carboxylic acid (glucamic
acid) 3.32
Hydroxamic acids ref. 93 Serine 2.21 9.15 6
D-Lysine- 7.93 Threonine 2.63 10.43 6
N-phenylnicotino- 8.00 N-Trimethyl tyrosine 9.75 21
Chloroaceto- 8.40 Tyrosine 10.07, 2.20 9.11
Formo- 8.65 Urocanic acid 5.8 3.5
p-Chlorophenoxyaceto- 8.75 Valine 2.32 9.62 6
p-Hydroxybenzo- 8.93 β-Alanine 3.60 10.19 6
p-Methoxybenzo- 9.00 γ-Aminobutyric acid 4.23 10.43 6
N-Phenylbenzo- 9.15 Arginine 12.48 2.17 9.04 6
o-Aminobenzo- 9.17 Asparagine 2.02 8.8 6
L-Tyrosine 9.20 Azaserine 8.55 6
L-Lysine 7.9 Canavanine 7.40, 9.25 11.50 (?) 6
p-Nitrobenzo- 8.0 Creatine 2.67 11.02 6
p-Aminobenzo- 9.3 Cysteine 10.78 1.71 8.33 6
L-Lacti- 9.3 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine
Propiono- 9.4 9.88, 2.36 8.68 6
Phthalo- 9.4 11.68
Indole-3-aceto- 9.5 Glutamine 2.17 9.13 6
Cyclohexano- 9.7 Histamine 5.0 9.7 6
Hexano- 9.7 β-Hydroxyglutamic 2.09 9.20 6
acid 4.18
Amino Acids Hydroxyproline 1.92 9.73 6
Compound pK Ref. Leucine 2.36 9.60 6
-COOH -NH3 Methionine 2.28 9.21
Alanine 2.35 9.69 6 1-Methylhistidine 6.48, 1.69 8.85 6
α-Aminobutyric acid 2.55 9.60 Norleucine 2.39 9.76 6
α-Aminoisobutyric 2.36 10.21 6 Norvaline 2.36 9.76 6
Argininosuccinic >12, 1.62 9.58 6 Ornithine 1.71 8.69 6
2.70, 4.26 10.76
Aspartic acid 2.09, 3.86 9.82 6 Proline 1.99 10.60 6
Canaline 10.3, 9.20 11.6 (?) 6 Sarcosine 2.23 10.01 6
Creatinine 4.84 9.2 6 Taurine 1.5 8.74 6
Cystine 1.65 7.85 6 Thiolhistidine <1.5, 11.4
2.26 9.85 6 1.84 8.47 6
Diidotyrosine 6.48, 2.12 7.82 6 Tryptophan 2.38 9.39 6
Glutamic acid 2.19, 4.25 9.67 6 Tyrosine ethyl ester 7.33 9.80 22
Glycine 2.34 9.6 6 Peptides
Histidine 6.0, 1.82 9.17 Anserine 7.0 2.65 9.5 6
6 Carnosine 6.83 -- 9.51 6
Hydroxylsine 2.13 8.62 6 Cystinyldiglycine 3.12 6.36 6
9.67 3.12 6.95
Isoleucine 2.36 9.68 6 Glycylglycine 3.06 8.13
Lysine 2.18 8.95 6 Gly-gly-gly 3.26 7.91 23
10.53 Glycylproline 2.84 8.55 6
O-Methyl tyrosine 9.27 21 Aspartyl histi- 2.45 7.98
 Page 13

dine 6.82 3.02 Gly-gly-gly-gly 3.05 7.75 23

Diglycylcystine 2.71 7.94 6 Lysyl-lysine (L,L) 3.01 7.53 6
Glutathione 9.12 2.12 8.66 6 10.05 11.01
3.53

Compound -COOH -NH2 -NH2 -NH2 -NH2 Ref.

Gly•Ala (L) or (D) 3.17 8.23 27
Ala•Gly (L) or (D) 3.16 8.24 27
Gly•Ala•Ala (LL) 3.38 8.10 27
Gly•Ala•Ala (LD) 3.30 8.17 27
Ala•Ala•OH (DD) 3.30 8.14 27
Ala•Ala•OH (LD) 3.12 8.30 27
H•Ala•Ala•Ala•OH (3L) 3.39 8.03 27
H•Ala•Ala•Ala•OH (LLD) 3.37 8.05 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (LDL) 3.31 8.13 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (DLL) 3.37 8.06 27
H-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (3D) 3.39 8.06 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (4L) 3.42 7.94 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (LLDL) 3.24 7.93 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (LDLL) 3.22 7.99 27
H•Ala-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (DLLL) 3.42 7.99 27
H•Lys-Ala•OH (LL) 3.22 7.62 10.70 27
H•Lys-Ala•OH (LD) 3.00 7.74 10.63 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala•OH (3L) 3.15 7.65 10.30 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala•OH (LDL) 3.33 7.97 10.36 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala•OH (LLD) 3.29 7.84 10.49 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala•OH (4L) 3.58 8.01 10.58 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala•OH (LDLL) 3.32 8.01 10.37 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (5L) 3.53 7.75 10.35 27
H•Ala-Lys-Ala-Ala-Ala•OH (LDLLL) 3.30 7.85 10.29 27
H•Lys-Lys•OH (LL) 3.01 7.53 10.05 11.01 27
H•Lys-Lys•OH (LD) 2.85 7.53 9.92 10.98 27
H•Lys-Lys•OH (3L) 3.08 7.34 9.80 10.54 11.32 27
H•Lys-Lys-Lys•OH (LDL) 2.91 7.29 9.79 10.54 11.42 27
H•Lys-Lys-Lys•OH (LDD) 2.94 7.14 9.60 10.38 11.09 27
Compound pK ref.
Glutathione 3.59, 8.75, 9.65 77
Glycylserine 8.23 77
Glycylleucine 8.13 77
Leucylglycine 7.96 77
Glycylisoleucine 7.96 77
Leucylglycylglycine 7.66 77
Glycylphenylalanine 8.28 77
Glycyltyrosine 8.22 77
Benzylglutamic acid 3.49, 4.99 77
Glycyltryptophane 8.04 77
Glutathione, oxidized 3.15, 4.03, 8.57, 9.54 77
Alanylalanine (LL) 3.30 8.14 92
Alanylalanine (LD) 3.12 8.30 92
Lysylalanine (LL) 3.22 7.62 10.70 92
Lysylalanine (LD) 3.00 7.74 10.63 92
Leucyltyrosine (LL) 3.46 7.84 10.09 92
Leucyltyrosine (DL) 3.12 8.38 10.35 92
 Page 14

Lysyllysine (LD) 2.85 7.53 9.92 92

NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
Aliphatic Amines pK ref.
Ammonia 9.21 1 n-Propyl- 10.53 1
Primary Amines Trimethylsilymethyl- 10.96 1
β-Alanine ester 9.13 1 CH 3ONH2 4.60 12
Allylamine- 9.69 2 Allyl- 9.49 1
Benzyl 9.34 1 γ-Amino-n-butyric acid ester 9.71 1
n-Butyl- 10.59 1 sec-Butyl- 10.56 1
t-Butyl- 10.55 1 Cyclohexyl- 10.64 1
Cyclohexylmethyl- 10.49 1 β-difluoroethyl- 7.52 1
Ethanol- 9.50 1 Ethyl 10.63 1
Ethylenedi- 9.98, 7.52 1, 77 Glycine ester 7.75 1
Hydrazine 8.10 1 Hydroxyl- 5.97 1
Isopropyl- 10.63 1 Methoxy- 4.60 1
Methyl- 10.62 1 neo-Pentyl- 10.21 1
Phenylamyl- 10.49 2 δ-Phenylbutyl 10.40 2
β-Phenylethyl- 9.83 1 γ-Phenylpropyl- 10.20 1
Triethylenedi- 8.8* ?
X XNH 3 + XCH 2 NH 3 + X(CH2 )2 NH 3 + X(CH2 )3 NH 3 + X(CH2 )4 NH 3 + X(CH2 )5 NH 3 + ref.
H- 9.25* 10.64* 10.67* 10.58* 10.61* 10.63* 2
HF2C- 7.52
RO2C- 7.75 9.13 9.71 10.15* 10.37 2
HO- 5.96* 9.50*
C 6H5- 4.58* 9.37* 9.83* 10.20* 10.39* 10.49* 2
H2N- 8.12* 9.98* 10.65* 10.84* 11.05* 2
H2C=CH- 9.69
CH 3- 10.64* 10.67* 10.58* 10.61* 10.63* 10.64* 2
X -H -NH3+ -CO2– -SO3– -PO3– 2
X-NH3+ 9.25* -.88 1 10.25
X(CH 2)2NH3+ 10.64 9.77 5.75 10.8
X(CH 2)2NH3+ 10.67 10.19 9.20 10.8
X(CH 2)4NH3+ 10.61 9.31 10.77 10.65 10.9
X(CH 2)5NH3+ 10.63 9.74 10.75 10.95 11.0
X(CH 2)8NH3+ 10.65 10.10
X(CH 2)10NH3+ 10.64 11.35 11.25
X(CH 2)3NH3+ 10.58 8.59 10.43 10.05

Secondary amines Di-n-butyl- 11.25 1

Dimethyl- 10.64 1 Diisobutyl- 10.50 1
Di-n-propyl- 11.00 1 α-Ethylpyrroline 7.43 2
Diisopropyl- 11.05 1 α-Benzylpyrroline- 7.08 2
t-Butylcyclohexyl- 11.23 1 2-Methylpiperidine 10.99 2
α-Cyclohexylpyrroline 7.95 2 α-Cyclohexylpyrrolidine 10.80 2
α-(p-Tolyl)pyrroline 7.59 2 α-(p-Tolyl)pyrrolidine 10.01 2
α-Ethylpyrrolidine 10.43 2 N,O-dimethylhydroxylamine 4.75 12
α-Benzylpyrrolidine 10.36 2 Acetanilide +0.61 4
N-methylhydroxylamine 5.96 12 *thermodynamic value
Diethyl- 10.98 1
 Page 15

Aliphatic Amines Methyl-β-diethylamino-ethyl-sulfide

1,2-Iminoethane 7.98 7 1,2-Dimethyl-∆2-pyrroline 11.94 2
cis-2,3-Iminobutane 8.72 7 1-methyl-2-n-butyl-∆2-pyrroline 11.90
1,2-Imino-2-methylpropane 8.61 7 1-Ethyl-2-methyl-∆2-pyrroline 11.92 2
1,2-Iminobutane 8.29 7 2
trans-2,3-Iminobutane 8.69 7 1-n-Butyl-2-methyl-∆ -pyrroline 11.90 2
1,2-Dimethyl-∆2-tetrahydropyridine
Secondary Amines 11.57 2
Allylmethyl- 10.11 1 N-Ethyl derivative of: 1,2-Imino-ethane
Benzylethyl- 9.68 1 7.93 7
Morpholine 8.36 1 Trans-2,3-Iminobutane 9.47 7
N-Benzoylpiperazine 7.78 1 Trimethylhydroxylamine 3.65 12
Di-sec-butyl- 11.01 1 Dimethylethyl- 9.99 1
N-Methylmethoxyamine 4.75 1 Triethyl- 10.65 1
Pyrolidine 11.27 1 Dimethyl-n-butyl- 10.02 1
1-Tosylpiperazine 7.39 Dimethyl-isopropyl- 10.30 1
Benzylmethyl- 9.58 1 Dimethyl-t-butyl- 10.52 1
Piperidine 11.22 1 Tri-n-butyl- 10.89 1
N-Carbethoxypiperazin 8.28 1 Diallylmethyl- 8.79 1
Dietrimethylsilylmethyl- 11.40 1 1-n-Propylpiperidine 10.48 2
Diallyl- 9.29 1 10.1 10.1 5
N-Methylhydroxyl- 5.96 1 9.8 -- 5
Trimethyleneimine 11.29 1 1,2-Dimethylpyrrolidine 10.26 2
Cis-2,6-dimethyl-piperidine 10.92 3 1-Methyl-2-n-butylpyrrolidin 10.24 2
1-Ethyl-2-methylpyrrolidine 10.64 2
1-n-Butyl-2-methylpyrrolidine 10.43 2
1-Ethyl-2-methylpyrrolidine 10.70 2
Tertiary amines 1,2-Iminobutane 8.18 7
Trimethyl- 9.76 1 cis-2,3-Iminobutane 8.56 7
Dimethyldiethyl- 10.29 1 N-dimethylhydroxylamine 5.20 12
Dimethyl-n-propyl- 9.99 1 Allyldimethyl 8.78 1
Dimethyl-isobutyl- 9.91 1 1,2-Dimethylpiperidine 10.26 2
Dimethyl-sec-butyl- 10.40 1 2
1-Ethyl-2-methyl-∆ -tetrahydropyridine
Tri-n-propyl- 10.65 1 11.57 2
Triallyl- 8.31 1
N-Allylpiperidine 9.69 2
1-Diethylamino-hexane-thiol-(6)
Cyanoamines 2-Amino-2-cyanopropane 5.3 9
N-piperidine-CH2CN 4.55 8 β-Isopropylaminopropionitrile 8.0 9
Et2NCN -2.0 8 β-Diethylaminopropionitrile 7.6 9
Et2N(CH 2)2CN 7.65 8 Et2NCH 2CN 4.55 8
Et2N(CH 2)4CN 10.08 8 Et2N(CH 2)3CN 9.29 8
Et2NC(CH3)2CN 9.13 8 Et2N(CH 2)5CN 10.46 8
EtN(CH2CN) 2 -0.6 8 HN(CH 2CN) 2 0.2 8
EtN(CH2CH 2CN) 2 4.55 8 HN(CH 2CH 2CN) 2 5.26 8
H2NCH 2CN 5.34 8 N(CH 2CH 2CN) 3 1.1 8
N-Amphetamine-(CH 2)2-CN 7.23 8 N-piperidine-C(CH3)2CN 9.22 8
N-Norcodeine-(CH2)2CN 5.68 8 N-Methamphetamine-(CH2)2CN 6.95 8
Dimethylcyanimide 1.2 9 Methyl cyanamide 1.2 9
Diethylcyanimide 1.2 9 Ethyl cyanamide 1.2 9
Aminoacetonitrile 5.3 9 Cyanamide 1.1 9
Diethylaminoacetonitrile 4.5 9 Dimethylaminoacetonitrile 4.2 9
 Page 16

β-Aminopropionitrile 7.7 9 CF 3CH 2NHCH 3 6.05 10

β-Dimethylaminopropionitrile 7.0 9
β,β"-Dicyanodiethylamine 5.2 9 Phenylethylamines
For complex chelating agents of aliphatic amines, 2-phenylethylamine 9.78 11
see also ref. 77. N-methyl-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-
ethylamine 8.78 11
Fluoro-substituted amines N-methyl-2-phenyl 10.31 11
CF 3CH 2NH2 5.7 10 Epinephrine 8.55 11
CF 3CH 2N(CH 3)2 4.75 10 Arterenol 8.55 11

R1
CHCH 2NHR4
R2
R3 ref. 11

R1 R2 R3 R4 pK

H H H H 9.78
H H OH H 8.90
H OH OH H 8.81
OH H OH H 8.67
H OH H H 9.22
OH OH H H 8.93
OH OH OH H 8.58
H H H CH 3 10.31
H H OH CH 3 9.31
H OH OH CH 2 8.62
OH H OH CH 3 8.89
H OH H CH 3 9.36
OH OH H CH 3 8.78
OH OH OH CH 3 8.55

Ring amines and imines (in 80% methyl cellosolve) (ref. 2)

Pentamethylene 9.99 Cyclotridecyl 9.63
Hexamethylene 10.00 Cyclotetradecyl 9.54
Heptamethylene 9.77 Cyclopentadecyl 9.54
Octamethylene 9.39 Cycloheptadecyl 9.57
Nonamethylene 9.14 Cyclooctadecyl 9.54
Decamethylene 9.04
Undecamethylene 9.14 Amines other
Dodecamethylene 9.31 Dimeoone 5.23 18
Tridecamethylene 9.35 Phthalimide 8.30 18
Tetradecamethylene 9.35 Nitrourea 4.57 18
Hexadecamethylene 9.29 Nitrourethane 3.28 18
Heptadecamethylene 9.27 Diphenylthiocarbazone 4.5 6
Cyclohexyl 9.82 β,β,β"-Triaminotriethylamine
Cycloheptyl 9.99 8.42, 9.44, 10.13 87
Cyclooctyl
Cyclononyl 9.95 Anilines Ref. 2
Cyclodecyl 9.85 Monosubstituted
Cycloundecyl 9.71 Substituent o m p
Cyclododecyl 9.62 H- 4.62* 4.64* 4.58*
 Page 17

(CH 3)3N+- 2.26 2.51 p-(CH3)3C- 4.65

CH 3O2C- 2.16 3.56 2.30 m-Br- 3.08
CH 3SO2- 2.68* 1.48 m-Cl- 3.09
CH 3S- 4.05 4.40 p-F- 4.01
Br- 2.60* 3.51* 3.91* p-(CH3)3Si- 3.99
F- 2.96* 3.38* 4.52* p-CH3O- 5.14, 5.16
CH 3O- 4.49* 4.20* 5.29*
C 6H5- 3.78* 4.18 4.27*
(CH 3)3C- 3.78
–O3S- 3.80 3.32
H3N+ 1.3 2.65 3.29
O2N- -0.28* 2.45* 0.98*, 1.11*
HO2C- 2.04 3.05 2.32
C 2H5O2C- 2.10 2.38
F3C- 3.49* 2.57*
HO- 4.72 4.17 5.50
Cl- 2.62* 3.32* 3.81*
(CH 3)3Si- 4.64* 4.36*
C 2H5O- 4.47* 4.17* 5.25*
CH 3- 4.38* 4.67* 5.07*
–HO3As 3.77 4.05 4.05
H2N- 4.47 4.88 6.08
*Thermodynamic

Dimethyl
H 5.07 52
m-NO2 2.63 52
m-CN 2.97 52
p-NO2 0.61 52
p-CN 1.78 52
p-NO 4.54 52

Dimethyl (in 50% ethanol)

Substituent XC6H4N(CH3)2 ref. 2
H- 4.21, 4.09
m-CH 3 4.66
p-C2H5- 4.69
o-(CH 3)2CH- 5.05
p-CH3CH 2CH 2CH 2- 4.62
o-(CH 3)3C- 4.26
p-I- 3.43, 2.73
p-Br- 3.52, 2.82
p-Cl- 3.33
m-(CH 3)3Si- 4.41
o-CH 3O- 5.49
o-CH 3 5.15, 5.07
p-CH3 4.94
p-CH3CH 2CH 2- 4.43
p-(CH3)2CH- 4.77
p-(CH3)2CHCH2- 4.19
 Page 18

Ortho-substituted anilines (in 50% ethanol) 1-NH2-8-NO2- 2.79

H- 4.25 1-NH2-8-SO3- 1.71
2-CH 3- 3.98, 4.09 1-NH2-3-SO3- 3.20*
2,3-(CH 3)2- 4.42 1-NH2-4-SO3- 2.81*
2,4-(CH 3)2- 4.61 1-NH2-5-SO3- 3.69*
2,5-(CH 3)2- 4.17, 4.23 1-NH2-6-SO3- 3.80*
2,6-(CH 3)2- 3.42, 3.49 1-NH2-7-SO3- 3.66
3,5-(CH 3)2- 4.48 1-NH2-8-SO3- 5.03*
2-CH 3- 4.09 2-NH2- 4.11*
2-(CH 3)2CH- 4.06 2-NH2-1-NO2- -1.0
2-(CH 3)2C- 3.38 2-NH2-3-NO2- 2.93
2,6-(CH 3)2-4-(CH 3)3C- 3.88 2-NH2-4-NO2- 2.63
2,4-(CH 3)2-6-(CH 3)3- 3.43 2-NH2-5-NO2- 3.16
2-CH 3-4,6-(CH 3)3C- 3.31 2-NH2-6-NO2- 2.75
2,4,6-[(CH 3)3C 3]- <2 2-NH2-7-NO2- 3.13
2-NH2-8-NO2- 2.86
Substituted Naphthylamines 2-NH2-1-SO3- 2.35
1-NH2- 3.92* 2-NH2-3-SO3- --
1-NH2-2-NO2- -1.6 2-NH2-4-SO3- 3.70
1-NH2-3-NO2- 2.22 2-NH2-5-SO3- 3.96*
1-NH2-4-NO2- 0.54 2-NH2-6-SO3- 3.74*
1-NH2-5-NO2- 2.80 2-NH2-7-SO3- 3.95*
1-NH2-6-NO2- 3.15 2-NH2-8-SO3- 3.89*
1-NH2-7-NO2- 2.83

N-substituted anilines*
R C 6 H 5 NHR C 6 H 5 N(CH 3 )R C 6 H 5 NR 2 2-CH 3 C 6 H 4 NHR 2-CH 3 C 6 H 4 NR 2
H- 4.58 4.85 4.58 4.39 4.39
CH 3- 4.85 5.06 5.06 4.59 5.86
C 2H5- 5.11 5.98 6.56 4.92 7.18
n-C 3H7- 5.02 -- 5.59 --
n-C 4H9- 4.95 -- ~5.7 --
i-C4H9- -- 5.20 -- --
sec-C4H9- -- 6.04 -- --
t-C 6H12- 6.30 -- -- --
Cyclopentyl- 5.30 6.71 -- 5.07
Cyclohexyl- 5.60 6.35 -- 5.34
t-C 4H9- 6.95 7.52 -- 6.49
*Thermodynamic
 Page 19

AMINES ref. 77 Secondary amines

N-Butylaminoacetic acid 2.29, 10.07
Primary amines N,N'-Diethylethylenediamine 7.70, 10.46
2-aminoethylsulphonic acid 9.08 2,2'-dihydroxydiethylamine 9.00
Aminomalonic acid 3.32, 9.83 N,N'-di-n-propylethylenediamine 8.14, 10.97
N-n-butylethylenediamine 7.53, 10.30 Ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid 6.42, 9.46
2,3-diaminobutane, meso 6.92, 9.97 Iminodipropionic acid 4.11, 9.61
2,3-diaminobutane, racemic 6.91, 10.00 Piperazine 5.68, 9.82
2,2'-diaminodiethyl sulfide 8.84, 9.64 β-carboxymethylaminopropionic acid
1,3-diamino-2,2-dimethylpropane 8.18, 10.22 3.61, 9.46
N,N'-Di-(2-aminoethyl)-ethylenediamine N,N'-Dimethylethylenediamine 7.40, 10.16
3.32, 6.67, 9.20, 9.92 N-ethylaminoacetic acid 2.30, 10.10
1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane 6.79, 10.00 Iminodiacetic acid 2.98, 9.89
1,3-Diaminopropan-2-ol 8.23, 9.68 N-isopropylaminoacetic acid 2.36, 10.06
N,N'-Diglycyethylenediamine 7.63, 8.35 N-n-propylaminoacetic acid 2.28, 10.03
Ethylenediamine-N,N-diacetic acid 5.58, 11.05
Furfurylamine 8.89 Tertiary amines
2-(2-hydroxypropylamino)-ethylamine 6.94, 4-(2-aminoethyl)morpholine 4.84, 9.45
9.86 Di-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminoacetic acid 8.08
2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)ethylamine Hexamethylenetetramine 5.13
6.78, 9.76 Methyliminodiacetic acid 2.81, 10.18
N-Methylaminoacetic acid 2.24, 10.01 Diethylaminoacetic acid 2.04, 10.47
Methyl-α-amino-β-mercaptoproionate 6.56, Dimethylaminoacetic acid 2.08, 9.80
8.99 N-2-hydroxyethyliminodiacetic acid 2.2, 8.73
N-n-propylethylenediamine 7.54, 10.34 Triethylenediamine 4.18, 8.19
1,2,3-triaminopropane 3.72, 7.95, 9.59
Tris-(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane 8.10 Ref. 1
2-amino-2'-hydroxydiethyl sulfide 9.04 Diallylmethyl 8.79
N-(carbamoylmethyl)-iminodiacetic acid Benzyldimethyl 8.93
2.30, 6.60 N-Allylpiperidine 9.68
2,2'-diaminodiethylamine 3.58, 8.86, 9.65 N-Allylmorpholine 7.05
2,3-diamino-2,3-dimethylbutane 6.56, 10.13 Propargyldimethyl 7.05
3,3'-diaminodi-n-propylamine 8.02,9.70, 10.7 Propargylethyldimethyl 8.88
1,2-Di-(2-aminoethylthio)ethane 8.43, 9.32 N-Methylmorpholine 7.41
1,2-diaminopropane 7.13, 10.00 N-Methylpyrrolidine 10.46
N,N-diethylethylenediamine 7.07, 10.02 N,N-Dimethylhydroxylamine 5.20
N,N-dimethylethylenediamine 6.63, 9.53 Allyldimethyl 8.73
N-Ethylethylenediamine 7.63, 10.56 Benzyldiethyl 9.48
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine N-Ethylpiperidine 10.40
6.83, 9.82 N-Ethylmorpholine 7.70
N-isopropylethylenediamine 7.70, 10.62 Propargymethyldimethyl 8.33
2-Methoxyethylamine 9.20 N-Methylpiperidine 10.08
Mercaptoethylamine 8.27, 10.53 N-Methyltrimethyleneimine 10.40
N-Methylethylenediamine 7.56, 10.40 Triethanolamine 7.77
2-Methylthioethylamine 9.18 N,N-Dimethylmethoxyamine 3.65
2-thienylmethylamine 8.92
Triaminotriethylamine 8.56, 9.59,
10.29
 Page 20

Ref. 5 Methyl-[β-diethylamino-ethyl]sulfide 9.8

N-Dimethyl-cysteamine 7.95, 10.7 N-Diethyl-cysteamine 7.8, 10.75
N-Dipropyl-cysteamine 8.00, 10.8 N-β-Mercaptoethyl-piperidine 7.95, 11.05
N-β-Mercaptoethyl-morpholine 6.65, 9.8 1-Diethylamino-propan- (3) 8.0, 10.5
1-Diethylamino-butan- (4) 10.1 1-Diethylamino-hexan- (6) 10.1

ANILINES (Ref. 88)

m-Substituted anilines
m-C2 H5 4.70 m-CH(CH3 ) 2 4.67
-C(CH3 ) 3 4.66 3,5-(CH3 ) 2 4.74
3,5-[C(CH3 ) 3 ] 2 4.97 m-COCH3 3.56
m-CN 2.76 3-Cl,5-OCH3 3.10
3-OCH3 .5-NO2 2.11 3,5-(OCH3 ) 2 3.82
3,5-Br2 2.34

NAPHTHALAMINES (reference 88)

substituted naphthalamines
2-naphthalamine X 4.16 2-naphthalamine X
1-NH 2 ,3-X NO2 2.07 2-NH 2 ,4-X NO2 2.43
CN 2.26 CN 2.66
Cl 2.66 Cl 3.38
Br 2.67 Br 3.40
I 2.82 I 3.41
COOCH 3 3.12 COOCH 3 3.38
OCH 3 3.26 OCH 3 4.05
OH 3.30 1-NH 2 ,6-X NO2 2.89
CH3 3.96 Cl 3.48
Cl 2.71 OCH 3 3.90
2-NH 2 ,5-X NO2 3.01 OH 3.97
OH 4.07 2-NH 2 ,7-X NO2 3.10
1-NH 2 ,5-X NO2 2.73 Cl 3.71
OH 3.96 OCH 3 4.19
Cl 3.34 OH 4.25
NH2 4.21 NH2 4.66
1-NH 2 ,7-X NO2 2.55 2-NH 2 ,6-X NO2 2.62
Cl 3.48 OCH 3 4.64
OCH 3 4.07 2-NH 2 ,8-X NO2 2.73
OH 4.20 1-NH 2 ,4-X NO2 0.54
1-NH 2 ,2-X NO2 -1.74 Br 3.21
1-X,2-NH2 NO2 -0.85 2-NH 2 ,3-X NO2 1.48
1-NH 2 ,8-X NO2 2.79 ,
 Page 21

Anilines (in 50% ethanol) 5'-IMP 8.9, 1.54, 6.04 6

Unhindered pK ref. 5-Methylcytosine 4.6, 12.4 6
Aniline 4.19 40 5-Methylcytosine deoxyriboside 5'-phosphate
p-Aminodiphenyl 3.81 40 4.4 6
2-Naphthylamine 3.77 40 3-Methyluracil 9.75 37
3-Phenanthrylamine 3.59 40
3-Methylxanthine 8.5 (8.1), 11.3 38
m-Aminodiphenyl 3.82 40
2-Aminofluorene 4.21 40 Adenosine 3.63 6
2-Phenanthrylamine 3.60 40 " 3.3, 12.5 35
2-Anthrylamine 3.40 40 5'-AMP 3.3, 6.1 36
Hindered 3.74, 6.2-6.4 6
o-Aminodiphenyl 3.03 40 Barbituric acid 3.9, 12.5 37
Cytidine 4.11 6
peri " 4.22, 12.5 35
1-Naphthylamine 3.40 40 2'-CMP 4.3-4.4, 6.19* 6
9-Phenanthrylamine 3.19 40 5'-CMP 4.5, 6.3 6
3-Aminopyrene 2.91 40 CTP 4.6, 6.4 6
1-Phenanthrylamine 3.23 40 2,6-Diaminopurine 5.09, 10.77 6
1-Anthrylamine 3.22 40
Isoguanine 4.51, 8.99 6
Guanosine (deoxy) 1.6-2.2, 9.16-9.5 6
meso
9-Anthrylamine 2.7 40 GMP (2' + 3') 2.3, 9.36, 0.7, 5.9 6
o-Aminophenols 5'-GMP (deoxy) 2.9, 9.7, 6.4 6
3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid 10.09, 5.20 51 GTP 3.3, 9.3, 6.5 6
2-Aminophenol hydrochloride Inosine 1.2, 8.9 6
9.99, 4.86 51 " 8.75, 12.5 6
Indicators 5-Methylcytosine deoxyriboside
p-Aminoazobenzene 2.82, 2.76 60 4.5, 13.0 6
4-Chloro-2-nitroaniline -1.02, -1.03 60 1-Methyluracil 9.95 37
4,6-Dichloro-2-nitroaniline -3.61, -3.32 60 1-Methylxanthine 7.7, 12.05 38
6-Bromo-2,4-dinitroaniline -6.64, -6.71 7-Methylxanthine 8.5 (8.3) 38
2-Amino-4,5-dimethylphenol hydrochloride 10.40, 9-Methylxanthine 6.3 38
5.28 51
Purine 2.52, 8.90 37
N,N-Dimethyl-2,4-dinitroaniline -1.00, -- 60
p-Nitrodiphenylamine Thymidine 9.8 6
-2.4 to -2.9, -2.50 60 5'-TMP 10.0, 1.6, 6.5 6
4-Methyl-2, dinitroaniline -3.96, -4.44 60 Uracil deoxyriboside 9.3 6
5'-UMP 9.5, 6.4 6
Heterocyclics UTP 9.5, 6.6 6
Nucleosides, etc. Uridine 9.25 6
Adenine 4.15, 9.80 6 " 9.17, 12.5 35
2'-AMP 3.81, 6.17 6 Xanthosine 0, 5.5, 13.0 6
3'-AMP 3.74, 5.92 6 Orotic acid 2.8, 9.45, 13 6
ADP 3.95, 6.3 36 Pyrimidine 1.30 37
ATP 4.00 (4.1), 6.5 36 Thymine 0, 9.9, 713.0 6
Barbital 7.85, 12.7 37 Uracil .5, 9.5, 13.0 6
Cytosine 4.45, 12.2 6 UMP (2' + 3') 9.43, 1.02, 5.88 6
Cytosine (deoxy) 4.25 6 UDP 9.4, 6.5 6
3' CMP 4.16-4.31, 6.04 6 Uric acid 5.4, 10.3 6
CDP 4.44 6 Xanthine 0.8, 7.44, 11.12 6
CDP, (deoxy) 4.8, 6.6 6 " 7.2 38
Guanine 3.3, 9.2, 12.3 6
Guanosine 2.2, 9.5 6
" 1.6, 9.16, 12.5 35
5'-GMP 2.4, 9.4, 6.1 6
GDP 2.9, 9.6, 6.3 6
Hypoxanthine 1.98, 8.94, 12.10 6
 Page 22

Heterocyclic Bases (Ref. 2)

5 4
6 3

7 2 N
N N N
8
Pyridine 5.14* Isoquinoline 5.14* Benzoquinoline 5.05*
pK (20°) Quinoline 4.85*

6 5 4
7 3
N
8 2
N N
9 10 1 N
Acridine 5.60 5,6-Benzoquinoline 7,8-Benzoquinoline Phenanthridine 3.30a
5.15* 4.25*

N
N N

2,3-Benzacridine 4.52a 3,4-Benzacridine 4.70* 1,2-Benzacridine 3.45a

N
N
N
N N N

Pyridazine 2.10* Pyrimidine 1.10* Pyrazine 0.37*

N N
N
N N
N N N
Cinnoline 2.64* Phthalazine 3.39* Quinazoline 3.31* Quinoxaline 0.6*

a
50% EtOH

Heterocyclics 3-Hydroxy 8.81, 5.52 39

Aureomycin 3.30, 7.44, 9.27 77 5-Hydroxy (acridone) --f, -0.32 39
Iridine --, 5.62 39 5-Methoxy --, 7 39

Acridine 1-- 2-- 3-- 4-- 5-- 9-- Ref. 2

 Page 23

H-- 5.60* 4.11a

H2N-- 4.40* 8.04* 5.88* 6.04* 9.99*
3.59a 7.61a 5.03a 5.50a 9.45a
HO-- 4.18a 4.86a 5.5239 4.45a -.3239
10.7a 9.9a 8.8139 9.4* >12
CH 3-- 3.95a 4.60a 4.70a
H2K-(1-CH 3--)-- 4.79a 9.73s 3.22a
1,9-(CH 3)2-- 2.88a

a 50% ethanol; ref. 39

8-amino-1,2-benzacridine 6.72 40 α,α'-dipyridyl 4.43 6
2-amino-4-methyl-5,6-benzoquinoline 7.14 4-amino- 8.75a 19
40 4-amino-2-methyl- 9.45a 19
3-amino-6,7-benzoquinoline 4.78 40 4-amino-2-methyl-8-chloro- 5.95a 19
8-amino-3,4-benzacridine 7.42 40 8-chloro- 2.5a 19
1'-amino-5,6-benzoquinoline 5.03 40 3,4-diamino- 8.15a 19
4'-amino-5,6-benzoquinoline 5.20 40
3-amino- 4.78, 3.73a 19
2-amino-4-methyl-7,8,benzoquinoline
6.74 40 7,8-benzquinoline 4.25, 3.15a 19
6,7-benzoquinoline 5.05, 3.84a 19 4-amino- 7.68a 19
5,6-benzoquinoline 5.15, 3.90a 19 4-amino-2-methyl- 7.96a 19
4-amino- 7.99a 19 2-amino-4-methyl- 6.74, 6.02a 19
2-methyl- 4.44a 19 6-amino-2-methyl- 5.23a 19
4-amino-2-methyl- 8.45a 19 1'-amino-2-methyl- 4.75a 19
2-amino-4-methyl- 7.14, 6.51a 19 3,4-benzacridine 4.70, 4.16a 19
4'-amino- 5.20, 4.10a 19 5-amino 8.41a 19
3'-amino- 4.02a 19 7-amino- 5.03a 19
1'-amino- 5.03 19 8-amino- 7.42 (6.51)a 19
2',4'-diamino- 4.91a 19 8-acetamido- 4.48a 19
Benziminazole 5.53 19 8-dimethylamino- 7.31, 6.99 19
2-amino- 7.54 19 1,2-benzacridine 3.45a 19
Benztriazole 1.6 19 5-amino- 8.13a 19
Benzthiazole 1.2, 0.1a 19 7-amino 4.05a 19
2-amino- 4.51 19 8-amino- 6.72, 5.97a 19
benzoxazole (decomp.) 19 4',5-diamino- 8.44a 19
2-amino- 3.73 19 Cinnoline --, 0.21 39
2,3-benzacridine 4.52a 19 3-hydroxy 8.64, 0.21 39
5-amino- 9.72a 19 5-hydroxy 7.40, 1.92 39
5-acetamido- 4.56a 19 7-hydroxy 7.56, 3.31 39
7-amino- 5.38a 19 4-methoxy --, 3.21 39
5-amino-6:7:8:9-tetrahydro- 9.66a 19
Caffeine 0.61 4 Heterocyclics
cinchonine 7.2 4 o,o'-dipyridyl 4.43 6
Cinnoline 2.70 19 hydantoin 9.16 42
4-amino- 6.84 19 5-isopropyl-2-thio- 8.70 42
Cocaine 7.6 4 5,5-pentamethylene2-thio 8.79 42
Cinnoline 4-hydroxy 9.27, 0.35 39 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-thio 10.80 42
6-hydroxy 7.52, 3.65 39 3-methyl-5,5-pentamethylene-2-thio-
-hydroxy 8.20, 2.74 39 11.23 42
Imidazoles
 Page 24

2-Methylimidazole 7.75 43 Histidine methylester

N-Acetylhistidine 7.05 43 5.2 (NH2 7.1)
2-Methyl-4-hydroxy-aminobenz- 6.65 43 43
4-Hydroxymethyl- 6.45 43 2-Methyl-4-hydroxy-6-nitro-benzimidazole
2-Methylbenz- 6.1 43 3.9 43
Histamine 6.0 43 4-Hydroxy-6-Nitrobenz- 3.05 43
4-Hydroxy-6-aminobenz- 5.9 43 b2-Hydroxymethylnaphth(1,2)-
4-Hydroxybenz- 5.3 (OH 9.5)43 4.44, 12.23 86
4-Methoxybenz- 5.1 43 b2-Hydroxymethylnaphth(2,3)-
4-Bromo- 3.7 43 4.50, 12.23 86
6-Nitrobenz- 3.05, 10.6 43 4-Hydroxy- 4.80, 8.68 44
4-Nitro- 1.5, 9.1 43 1-Amino- 7.62 40
isoQuinolines 4-Amino- 6.28 40
1-Hydroxy- -1.2 44 6-Amino- 7.17 40
5-Hydroxy 5.40, 8.45 44 8-Amino- 6.06 40
3-Amino- 5.05 40 7-Hydroxy- 5.70 40
5-Amino- 5.59 40 1-Methoxy- 3.05 44
Amino- 6.20 40 4-NO2 1.35 88
6-Hydroxy- 5.85, 9.15 44 4-Br 3.31 88
8-Hydroxy- 5.66, 8.40 44 1-Hydroxy- --, 1.44 39
2-Methylisoquinolone -1.8 44 5-Methyl-1-phenazone --, 4.9 39
Isoquinoline 5.46, 5.14 44, 19 m-Phenanthroline 3.11a 19
Phenazine --, 1.23 39 a
1-Amino- ca. 7.3, 7.29 19
2-Hydroxy- 7.5, 2.6 39 2,2'-Dipyridyl 4.23 19
10-Methyl-2-phenazone --, 3.0 2-Hydroxy- 8.79, 4.82 44
6-Aminophenanthridine 6.88 40 7-Hydroxy- 4.38, 8.68 44
9-Aminophenanthridine 7.31 40
a 9-Methoxy- --, 2.38 44
o-Phenanthroline 4.27 , 5.2 19 2-Amino-9-methyl- 5.66a 19
p-Phenanthroline 3.12a 19 a
a a 2,7-Diamino-9-methyl- 6.26 19
1,10-Diamino-3,8-Dimethyl- 8.78 , 6.31 6-Amino- 6.88 40
Phenazine 1.23 19
Phenanthridine --, 4.65 44 a
1-Amino- 2.6 19
6-Hydroxy- 8.43, 5.35 44
2-Amino- 4.75, 3.46a 19
9-Hydroxy (phenanthridone) <-1.5 44
1,3-Diamino- 5.64a 19
9-Amino- 7.31, 6.75a 19
2,3-Diamino- 4.74 19
2,7,9-Triamino- 8.06a 19 a
2,7-Diamino- 4.63, 3.9 19
Phthalazine 3.47 19
Pteroylglutamic acid 8.26 77
1-Amino- 6.60 19
1-Hydroxy- 11.00, -2 39
Pyridines
Picolimic acid 5.52 4
2-Amino- 6.86 41
5,5-dimethyl-2-thio- 8.71 42
4-Amino- 9.17 41
5,5-Diphenyl-2-thio- 7.69 42
1-Methyl-5,5-pentamethyl-ene-2-thio- 2-Methyl- 5.94b 45
9.25 42 2-Vinyl- 4.98 45
4-Methyl- 7.45 43 2-Chloro- 0.49 45
Imidazole 6.95 43 2,4,6-Trihydroxy- 4,6, 9.0, 13 39
4-(2',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)- 6.45 43 1-Methyl-4-pyridone 3.33
Carbobenzoxy-L-histidyl-L-tyrosine ethyl 2-(N-Methylacetamido)- 2.01 46
ester 6.25 43 2-Benzamido- 3.33
6-Aminobenz- 6.0 (NH2 3.0) 2-(N-Methylbenzamido)- 1.44
3-(N-Methylacetamod)- 3.52 46
Benzimidazole 5.4 43
3-(N-Methylbenzamido)- 3.66 46
4-(N-Methylacetamido)- 4.62 46
 Page 25

4-(N-Methylbenzamido)- 4.68 46 (CH 3)2CH- 5.83b 5.72b 6.02b

4-Benzamido- 5.32 46 CH 3CO 3.18b
3-NO2 0.81 88 H2N- 6.68b 5.80b 8.96b
3-COO – 4.77 47 CONH247 3.40 3.61
2,3-Me2 6.60 48
NC- 47 1.45
2,5-Me2 6.47 48
3,4-Me2 6.52 48
2,4,6-Me3 7.48 48
4-OEt 6.67 48
3-Cl 2.84 48
3-CO2Et 3.35 48
3-COOH 3.13 88
2-Amyl- 6.00b 45
2-Hexyl- 5.95b 45
2-Benzyl- 5.13 45
2-Bromo- 0.71 45
2,4-Dihydroxy 6.50, 13, 1.37 39
1-Methyl-2-pyridone 0.32 39
2-Acetamido- 4.09 46
1-Methylpyrid-2-one acetylimine 7.12 46
3-Acetamido- 4.46 46
3-Benzamido- 3.80 46
1-Methylpyrid-4-one acetylimine
11.03 46
1-Methylpyrid-4-one benzylimine 9.89 46
4-COO– 4.90 47
2,4-Me2 6.72 48
2,6-Me2 6.77 48
3,5-Me2 6.14 48
2-Me,5-Et 6.51 48
3-F 3.10 48
3-Br 2.84 48
4-CO2Et 3.45 48
Pyridine N-oxides (see oxygen acids)

Substituted Pyridines
Pyridine 2- 3- 4-
H- 5.17b
Cl- 0.72b 2.84b
I- 1.82b 3.25b
CH 3CH 2- 5.97b 5.70b 6.02b
(CH 3)3C- 5.76b 5.82b 5.99b
HO- 0.75 4.86 3.27
11.62 8.72 11.09
SO3 -47 2.9
CH 3O- 3.28 4.88 6.62
F- -0.44b 2.97b
Br- 0.90b 2.84b
CH 3- 5.97b 5.68b 6.02b
 Page 26

Ortho-Substituted Pyridines (in 50% ethanol) Pyridazine 2.33 19

Substituent pK ref. 3-Hydroxy- 10.46, -1.8 39
H- 4.38 2 3,6-Dihydroxy- 5,67, -2.2, 13 39
2-C 2H5- 4.93 2 4-Methoxy- 3.70 39
2-(CH 3) 4.68 2 3-Amino- 5.19 19
2,6-[(CH 3)2CH] 2 3.58 2 4-Hydroxy- 8.68, 1.07 39
2-(CH 3)3C- 4.68 2 3-Methoxy- 2.52 39
2-C 2H5-6-(CH 3)3C- 4.36 2 3,6-Dimethoxy- 1.61 39
2,6-[(CH 3)3C] 2– 3.58 2
For complex chelating agents, see also ref. 77
2-CH 3- 5.05 2 b thermodynamic at 25°.
2-(CH 3)2CH- 4.82 2
2,6-(CH 3)2 5.77 2
2,6-[(CH 3)3C] 2 3.58 2
2-CH 3-6-(CH 3)3C 5.52 2
2-(CH 3)2CH-6-(CH3)3C- 5.13 2

pKNH 35° pKOH

Benzimidazole 6.00 5.58 5.36
2-Methyl 6.96 6.29 6.18 ---
2-Ethyl 6.90 6.27 6.14 --
2-Hydroxymethyl --- 5.40 --- 11.55 ref. 86
1-Methyl-2-hydroxymethyl --- 5.55 --- 11.45
2,4-Dihydroxy-(Uracil) 9.38, 12 39
4,6-Dihydroxy- 5.4 39
2,4,6-Trihydroxy-(Barbituric acid)
Other (ref. 95) 3.9, 12.5 39
Thiazolidine 6.31 2-Methoxy- <1 39
Methyl thiazolidine-4-carboxylate 4.00 4-Methoxy- 2.5 39
Thiazolidine-4-COOH 1.51, 6.21 1-Methyl-2-pyrimidone 2.50 39
3-Methyl-4-pyrimidone 1.84 39
(ref. 96) 4-Amino- 5.71 19
2-Methyl-∆2-oxazoline 5.5 2-Amino-4-methyl- 4.15 19
4-Carbamoyl-2-phenyl-∆2-oxazoline 2.9 2,4-Diamino- 7.26 19
2-Phenyl-∆2-oxazoline 4.4 4-Methyl- 1.98 19
4-Hydroxy- 8.59, 1.85 39
4,5-Dihydroxy- 7.48, 1.99, 11.61 39
Heterocyclics
2,4,5-Trihydroxy-(isoBarbituric acid)
Pyrazines pK ref.
8.11, 11.48 39
Pyrazine 1.1, 0.6 49, 39
4-Hydroxy-5-methoxy- 8.60 1.75
2,5-Dimethyl- 2.1 49
39
2,3,5,6-Tetramethyl- 2.8 49
1-Methyl-4-pyrimidone 1.8 39
2-Methoxy- --, 0.75 39
2-Methyl- 1.5 49
Miscellaneous
2,6-Dimethyl- 2.5 49
4-Hydroxy-2-methylpyridazinium chloride
2-Hydroxy- 8.23, 0.1 39
1.74 44
1-Methyl-2-pyrazine -0.04 39
8-Hydroxy-6-methyl-1,6-naphthyridinium
2-Amino- 3.14 19
chloride 4.34 44
Pyrimidine 1.30 19
2-Hydroxyphenazine 2.6 44
2-Amino- 3.54 19
4-Hydroxypteridine -0.17 44
5-Amino- 2.83 19
3-Methyl-4-pteridone -0.47 44
2-Amino-4,6-dimethyl- 4.85 19
5-Hydroxypyrimidine 1.87, 6.78 44
2,4,6-Triamino- 6.84 19
8-Hydroxy-1,6-Naphthyridine 4.08 44
2-Hydroxy- 9.17, 2.24 39
1-Hydroxyphenazine 1.44 44
 Page 27

5-Methyl-1-phenazone 4.9 44
10-Methyl-2-phenazone 3.0 44
1-Methyl-4-pteridone 1.25 44

Quinoline 2-- 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ref.

H- 4.85* 4.80 4.69* 2
H2N- 7.25* 4.86* 9.08* 5.37* 5.54* 6.56* 3.90* 2
HO- -.36 4.30 2.27 5.20 5.17 5.48 5.13 44
11.74 8.06 11.25 8.54 8.88 8.85 9.89 44
CH 3 5.42 5.14 5.20 4.62 4.92 5.08 4.60 2
5.8 5.6 5.2 5.0 2
F- 2.36* 3.68* 4.00* 4.04* 3.08* 2
Cl- 3.73* 2
HO2C 4.96* 4.62* 4.53* 4.81* 4.98* 4.97* 7.20* 2
NO2 1.0388

5-Hydroxy-1-methylquioxalinium chloride
Quinoline 5.74 44
2,4-Dihydroxy- 5.86, 0.76 39 Riboflavin 9.93 77
4-Methoxy- 6.65 59 Sulphadiazine 6.48 6
1-Methyl-4-quinolone 2.46 39 Sulphapyridine 8.43 6
2,4-Diamino- 9.45 19 2-Aminothiazole 5.39 41
Quinazoline 3.51, 3.2a 19 1,3,5-Triazine -- 39
2-Amino- 4.43 19 2,4-Dihydroxy- 6.5 39
6-Amino- 3.2a 19 1,4,6-Triazanaphthalene 2.5 39
2-Hydroxy- 10.69, 1.30 39 4-Hydroxy- 11.05, 0.78 39
6-Hydroxy- 8.19, 3.12 39 5-Amino- 2.62 19
3-Methiodide 7.26 39 2,3-Diamino- 4.70 19
2-Methoxy- 1.31 39 5-Hydroxy- 8.65, 0.9 39
2-Methoxy- 3.17 39 6-Hydroxy- 7.92, 1.40 39
1-Methyl-2-quinolone -0.71 39 1,5-Naphthyridine 2.91 39
4-Amino- 9.44, 9.17 19, 41 4-Hydroxy 10.01, 2.85 39
8-Quinolinol 5.13, 9.89 6 Sulphaquanidine 11.25 6
3-Cl --, 2.46 88, 44 Sulphathiazole 7.12 6
3-Br 2.61 88 Terramycin 3.10, 7.26, 9.11
4-Amino- 5.73 19 77
8-Amono- 2.4a 19 Tetramethylenediamine 10.7 4
4-Hydroxy- 9.81, 2.12 39 1,4,5-Triazanaphthalene 1.20 39
8-Hydroxy- 8.65, 3.41 39 8-Hydroxy- 8.76, 0.60 39
2,4-Dihydroxy- 9.78, 2.5 39
4-Methoxy- 3.13 39
*Thermodynamic SPECIAL NITROGEN COMPOUNDS

Hydroxylamines
Heterocyclics Hydroxylamine 5.97* 12
Quinoxaline 0.8, 0.56 19, 39 N-Methyl- 5.96* 12
2-Amino- 3.96 19 O-Methyl- 4.60* 12
6-Amino- 2.95 19 Trimethyl- 3.65* 12
2-Hydroxy- 9.08, -1.37 39 N-Dimethyl- 5.20* 12
1-Methiodide 5.74 39 N,O-Dimethyl- 4.75* 12
2,3-Dihydroxy- 9.52 39
 Page 28

Hydrazines (30°) Phenylguanidine 10.88 19

Hydrazine 8.07 13 Benzamidine 11.6 19
Methyl- 7.87 13 N-Phenyl-O-methylisourea 7.3 20
N,N'-Dimethyl- 7.52 13
Tetramethyl- 6.30 13
N,N-Diethyl- 7.71 13 Nitrogen compounds, miscellaneous
Phenyl- 5.21 (15°) 14 Diguanide-- 3.07, 13.25 77
Glycylhydrazide 2.38, 7.69 15 Dithiooxamide (rubeanic acid,
N,N-Dimethyl- 7.21 13 H2NCSCSNH 2) 10.62 77
Trimethyl- 6.56 13 Ethylenediguanide
Ethyl- 7.99 13 1.74, 2.88, 11.34, 11.76 77
N,N'-Diethyl- 7.78 13 Phenyldiguanide 2.16, 10.71 77
Acet- 3.24 15
Isonicotinhydrazide 1.85, 3.54, 10.77
77 Other
S-Methylisothiourea 9.83 20
Hydrazones Hydrazone of: N-Phenyl-S-methylisothiourea 7.14 20
Benzophenone 3.85 16
p,p'-Dimethoxy- 4.38 16
p-Chloro- 4.38 16 Cinchona Alkaloids (in 80% aqueous methyl
p-Methoxyacetophenone 4.94 16 cellosolve)
p,p'-Dichloro- 3.13 16 Quinine 7.73 2
Phenyl-2-thienyl ketone 3.80 16 Quinidine 7.95 2
Ephedrine 9.14 2
Semicarbazones of: N-Methylephedrine 8.50 2
Semicarbazide 3.66 Epiquinine 8.44 2
Furfural 1.44 14 Epiquinidine 8.32 2
Benzaldehyde 0.96 14 ψ-Ephedrine 9.22 2
Acetone 1.33 14 N-Methyl-ψ-ephedrine 8.81 2
Acetaldehyde 1.10 14
Pyruvic acid 0.59 14
Acetamide -0.51 4
Urea 0.18 4
Thiourea -0.96 4
Amidoximes
Ox- 3.02 17
Benz- 4.99 17 Thiols
α-Phenylacet- 5.24 17 N-Dimethyl-cysteamine 7.95, 10.7 7
Succin- 3.11, 5.97 17 N-Dipropyl-cysteamine 8.00 10.8 5
o-Tolu- 4.03 17 N-β-Mercaptoethyl-morpholine 6.65, 9.8
p-Tolu- 5.14 17 1-Diethylamino-butan- (4) 10.1 5
Malon- ~4.77 17 Methyl-[β-diethylamino-ethyl]-sulfide 9.8
5
Other Methyl thioglycolate 7.8 23
Diphenylthiocarbazone 4.5 6 Mercaptoethylamine 8.6, 10.75 23
Phthalimide 8.30 18 N-trimethyl cysteine 8.6 23
Nitrourethane 3.28 18 Glutathione 2.12, 3.59, 8.75, 9.65 23
Acetylguanidine 8.33 19 N-Diethyl-cysteamine 7.8, 10.75 5
Acetamidine 12.52 19 N-Β-Mercaptoethyl-piperidine
O-Methylisourea 9.80 20 7.95, 11.05 5
Dimedone 5.23 18 1-Diethylamino-propan- (3) 8.0, 10.5 5
Nitrourea 4.57 18 1-Diethylamino-hexan- (6) 10.1 5
Guanidine 13.71 19
 Page 29

p-Nitrobenzenethiol 5.1 58 o-Mercapto-phenylacetic acid

Thioglycolic acid 3.67, 10.31 23 4.28, 7.67 59
Mercaptoethanol 9.5 23 Ethyl mercaptan 10.50 81
Cysteine 1.8, 8.3, 10.8 23 I-Thio-D-sorbitol 9.35 91
Cysteinylcysteine 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate 7.53 (9.1) 81
2.65, 7.27, 9.35, 10.85 23 o-aminothiophenol 6.59 81
Thiophenol a
8.20 , 7.8, 6.52 59, 81, 82
Β-Mercaptopropionic acid 10.27 81
X= -H -S– -SH Methyl cysteine 6.5 (7.5)
X(CH 2)2SH 12.0 13.96 10.75 81
X(CH 2)4SH 12.4 13.25 11.50 p-Cl-thiophenol 7.50 81
X(CH 2)3SH 13.24 11.14
X(CH 2)5SH 13.27 11.82 Mercaptans, RSH
R
CH 3CCH 2- 7.86 32
C 6H5CH 2- 9.43 82
HOCH2CH(OH)CH 2- 9.51 82
CH 2=CHCH 2- 9.96 82
n-C 4H9- 10.66 82
t-C 5H11- 11.21 82
C 2H5OCOCH2- 7.95 82
C 2H5OCH2CH 2- 9.38 82
HOCH2CH(OH)CH 2- 9.66 82
n-C 3H7- a10.65 82
t-C 4H9- 11.05 82
 Page 30

CARBON ACIDS Dicyanomethane 12 2

Acetonitrile c. 25 24
Acetone ~20 24 Benzoylacetone (anol) 8.23 24
Acetylacetone 8.95 24 Dimethylsulfone 14 24
Diacetylacetone 6 24 Nitroethane 8.6 18
Hydrocyanic acid 9.21 25 2-nitropropane 7.74 18
1-nitropropane 9 18 Tricyanomethane strong 24
Saccharin 1.6 18 Trinitromethane strong 24
Tri-methylsulfonyl-methane strong 24 Nitromethane strong 25

Bis-( -Diketones):[(RCO)(R'CO)CH]2CHR (in 50% dioxane) (ref. 28)

R R' R" pK pK
CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2)5CH 3 11.33 12.52
CH 3 CH 3 C 6H5 11.10 12.49
CH 3 CH 3 2-ClC 6H4 11.04 12.73
CH 3 CH 3 2-C 5H4N 9.80 12.46
CH 3 CH 3 2-CH 3OC6H4 11.47 12.44
CH 3 CH 3 3,4-CH 2O2C 6H3 11.39 12.60
CH 3 CH 3 3-C 5H4N 10.29 12.63
CH 3 CH 3 4-CH 3OC6H4 11.62 12.61
CH 3 CH 3 4-(CH 3)2NC 6H4 11.50 12.45
CH 3 CH 3OCH2 C 6H5 11.54 12.27
CH 3 CH 3OCH2 2-C 5H4N 10.95 12.49
CH 3 CH 3OCH2 4-(CH 3)2NC 6H4 12.13 12.31
CH 3 CH 3OCH2 4-CH 3OC6H4 11.74 12.49
CH 3OCH2COCH 2COCH 3 9.66
(CH 3CO)2CH(CH2)3CH 3 12.07

Bis-( -Diketones) (RCO)-(R'CO)CH-Y-CH(COR)(COR') (in 50% dioxane) (ref. 26)

R R' Y pK pK
CH 3 CH 3 9.43 13.54
CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2)4 11.99 12.48
CH 3 CH 3 (CH 2)10 12.01 12.07
CH 3 CH 3 1,4-(CH 3)2C 6H4 11.27 12.15

Bis-( -Diketones) RCOCH 2CO-Y-COCH2COR (in 75% dioxane) (ref. 26)

R Y pK pK
C 6H5 (CH 2)4 12.47 13.09
C 6H5 (CH 2)5 12.72 13.46
C 6H5 (CH 2)6 12.60 13.46
C 6H5 (CH 2)7 13.1 (est.)
C 6H5 (CH 2)3 12.58 13.69
CH 3 (CH 2)5 12.29 13.00
CH 3=CH(CH 3)2 (CH 2)5 12.95 13.60
 Page 31

CH 3NO2 10.29 74
CH 3CHClNO2 7 74
CH 3COCH 2 NO2 5.1 74 CO2Et
CH(NO2)3 strong 74 O 10.96 74
CH 3COCHCl 2 15 74
CH3
CH 3COCHC2H5CO2C 2H5 12.7 74
CH 3COCHCH3COCH 3 11 74 O
O 7.82 74
CH 3COCH 2COC 6H5 9.4 74 Dinitromethane 4 2
C 6H5COCH 2COCF 3 6.82 74 Potassium cyanide 9.21 2
CH 3COCH 2CHO 5.92 74 CH(CN)3 strong 74
CH 3 COCH2 CO2CH 3 10 74 CH 2(CO2C 2H5)2 13.3 74
CH 3SO2CH 2SO2CH 3 14 74 CH 3CO2H ~ 24 74
CH 3SO2CH(COCH3)2 4.3 74
C 2H5NO2 8.6 74 OEt
C 2H5O2CCH 2 NO2 5.82 74
O O 10.5 74
CH 2(NO2)2 3.57 74
CH 3COCH 2Cl c. 16.5 74
CH 3COCH 2CO2C 2H5 10.68 74 CH3
CH 3COCH 2COCH 3 9 74
O O 10.1 74
CH 3COCHBrCOCH3 7 74
CH 3COCH 2COCF 3 4.7 74 CH 2(CHO)2 5 74
C 6H5COCH 2NC 5H5 10.51 74
CH(COCH3)3 5.85 74
CH 3SO2CH 3 c. 23 74 Indicators
Tropeoline OO 2.0 28
CH(SO2CH 3)3 strong 74
Bromocresol green 4.9 28
CH 2(CN) 2 11.81 74 Thymol blue (1) 1.65 28
C 2H5O2CCH 2CN 9 74 Methyl orange 3.45 28
CH 3CO2C 2H5 ~ 24.5 74 Methyl yellow 3.25 28
CHC 2H5(CO2C 2H5)2 15 74 Neutral red 7.4 28
CH 3CONH2 ~ 25 74 Bromophenol blue 4.1 28
O O Bromothymol blue 7.3 28
Thymol blue (2) 9.2 28
S CF3 Methyl red (1) 2.3 28
6.10 74
Methyl red (2) 5.0 28
 Page 32

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