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Module 4 B

This document provides examples and explanations of induction motor equivalent circuit parameters and calculations using data from no-load and locked rotor tests. It includes 9 example problems demonstrating how to: 1) determine rotor speed and copper loss from power input; 2) calculate equivalent circuit parameters from test data; 3) determine motor speed from power inputs and losses; 4) calculate equivalent rotor frequency; 5) determine torque loss from friction; 6) calculate output torque; 7) determine total losses and efficiency; 8) evaluate efficiency at rated load; and 9) calculate equivalent rotor copper loss.

Uploaded by

Bu Dak
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views

Module 4 B

This document provides examples and explanations of induction motor equivalent circuit parameters and calculations using data from no-load and locked rotor tests. It includes 9 example problems demonstrating how to: 1) determine rotor speed and copper loss from power input; 2) calculate equivalent circuit parameters from test data; 3) determine motor speed from power inputs and losses; 4) calculate equivalent rotor frequency; 5) determine torque loss from friction; 6) calculate output torque; 7) determine total losses and efficiency; 8) evaluate efficiency at rated load; and 9) calculate equivalent rotor copper loss.

Uploaded by

Bu Dak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ELEN 30104

Module 4
Polyphase Induction Motor
Machine equivalent circuit

2
3
4
5
Equivalent circuit parameters from Test Data

Equivalent circuit of the induction motor by the one shown in the figure
which can be obtained from the following two sets.

6
No-Load Test

7
8
Locked Rotor Test

9
10
Power Stages in an Induction Motor

11
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. The rotor of a 3 phase, 60 Hz, 4 pole induction motor takes 120 kW at 3 Hz.
Determine (a) the rotor speed and (b) the rotor copper loss.
Given:
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 120 𝑘𝑤 𝑓𝑠 = 60 𝐻𝑧 𝑓𝑟 = 3 𝐻𝑧 𝑃 = 4
Solution:
𝑓𝑟 𝑁𝑠− 𝑁𝑟 𝑓 120𝑓𝑠 𝑓 120 60 3
a. = −−−→ 𝑁𝑟 = 𝑁𝑠 1 − 𝑓𝑟 = 1 − 𝑓𝑟 = 1 − 60 = 1710 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝑓𝑠 𝑁𝑠 𝑠 𝑃 𝑠 4

b. 𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚, 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 + 𝑃𝑚 = 𝑠 𝑃𝑟 + 1 − 𝑠 𝑃𝑟


3
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 𝑠 𝑃𝑟 = 120 = 6 𝑘𝑊
60
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
2. The results of no-load and blocked rotor tests on a 3 phase, wye connected
induction motor are as follows:
no-load test: line-to-line voltage= 400 V
input power=1,770 W
input current= 18.5 A
friction and windage loss= 600 W
locked rotor test: line to line voltage=45 V
input power= 2,700 W
input current= 63 A
Determine the parameters of the approximate equivalent circuit.
Solution:
From no-load test:
400
𝑉𝑜 = = 230.947 𝑉 𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑓𝑤 + 𝑃𝑜 −−−→ 𝑃𝑜 = (𝑃𝑚 −𝑃𝑓𝑤 )/3
3
1770 − 600
= = 390𝑊 𝐼𝑜 = 18.5 𝐴
3
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
𝑉𝑜2 230.947 2
𝑅𝑚 = = = 136.8 𝑜ℎ𝑚
𝑃𝑜 390
𝑆𝑜 = 𝑉𝑜 𝐼𝑜 = 230.947 18.5 = 4272.519 𝑉𝐴
𝑉𝑜 2 𝑉𝑜 2 230.947 2
𝑋𝑚 = = = = 12.5 𝑜ℎ𝑚
𝑄𝑜 2
𝑆𝑜 − 𝑃𝑜 2 2
4272.519 − 390 2

From locked rotor test:


𝑉𝑠 = 45 𝑉 𝐼𝑠 = 63 𝐴 𝑃𝑠 = 2700 𝑊
𝑆𝑠 = 𝑉𝑠 𝐼𝑠 = 45 63 = 2835 𝑉𝐴
𝑃𝑠 2700
𝑅𝑒 = 2 = 2
= 0.23 𝑜ℎ𝑚
3𝐼𝑠 3(63 )
𝑄𝑠 𝑆𝑠2 − 𝑃𝑠2 2835 2 − (27002 )
𝑋𝑒 = 2 = 2 = 2 = 0.34 𝑜ℎ𝑚
3𝐼𝑠 3𝐼𝑠 3(63 )
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. A 10 hp (nameplate), 6 pole, 60 Hz, three phase induction motor delivers 9.9 hp
with an input of 9,200 watts. The core loss is 450 W. The stator copper loss is 650
watts and the rotational losses is 150 watts. What is the motor speed?
Given:
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 9.9 ℎ𝑝 𝑃 = 6 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 9200 𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 450 𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 = 650 𝑊 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 150 𝑊
Solution:
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 9.9 746 + 150 = 7535.4 𝑊
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜 + 𝑃𝑟 −−→ 𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 9200 − 650 + 450 = 8100 𝑊
7535.4
𝑃𝑚 = 1 − 𝑠 𝑃𝑟 −−→ 𝑠 = 1 − = 0.0697
8100
120 60
𝑁𝑟 = 1 − 0.0697 = 1116.36 𝑟𝑝𝑚
6
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Using the data of number 3, what is the equivalent rotor frequency?
Given:
𝑓𝑠 = 60 𝐻𝑧 𝑠 = 0.0697
Solution:
𝑓𝑟 = 𝑠 𝑓𝑠 = 0.0697 60 = 4.182 𝐻𝑧
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
5. Using the data of number 3, what is the torque loss by friction?
Given:
746 𝑊
𝑓𝑠 = 60 𝐻𝑧 𝑠 = 0.0697 𝑃𝑟 = 8100 𝑊 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 9.9 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 = 7087 𝑊
1 ℎ𝑝
𝑁𝑟 = 1116.36 𝑟𝑝𝑚
Solution:
120(60) 9.55𝑃𝑟 9.55 8100
𝑁𝑠 = = 1200 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑇𝑚 = 𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑣 = = = 64.4625 𝑁. 𝑚
6 𝑁𝑠 1200
9.55𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 9.55 7087
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = = = 60.6264 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑁𝑟 1116.36
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚,
𝑇𝑚 = 𝑇𝑓𝑤 + 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 −−−→ 𝑇𝑓𝑤 = 𝑇𝑚 − 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 64.4625 − 60.6264 = 3.8361 𝑁. 𝑚
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
6. A 10-hp, 4-pole, 25 Hz, 3-phase induction motor is 9100 watts from the line. Core
loss is 290 watt: stator copper loss is 568 watts: rotor copper loss is 445 watts and the
friction and windage loss is 121 watts. Determine the output torque in newton meters.
Given:
𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 9100 𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 290 𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 = 568 𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 445 𝑊 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 121 𝑊
Solution:
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 9100 − 568 + 290 = 8242 𝑊
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 + 𝑃𝑚 −−−→ 𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑟 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 8242 − 445 = 7797 𝑊
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑓𝑤 + 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 −−−→ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑚 − 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 7797 − 121 = 7676 𝑊
𝑜𝑟 𝑃𝑖𝑛 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 + 𝑃𝑓𝑤 −−−→ 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛 − 𝑃𝑐𝑜 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 − 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 − 𝑃𝑓𝑤
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 9100 − 290 − 568 − 445 − 121 = 7676 𝑊
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 445
𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 𝑠𝑃𝑟 −−−→ 𝑠 = = = 0.0539
𝑃𝑟 8242
120 25
𝑁𝑟 = 1 − 0.0539 = 709.575 𝑟𝑝𝑚
4
9.55𝑃 9.55𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 9.55 7676
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑇 = 𝑁. 𝑚 −−→ 𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = = = 103.3 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑁 𝑁𝑟 709.575
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
7. Using the data of number 6, what is the total losses and the overall efficiency of
the motor?
Solution:

𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = 𝑃𝑐𝑜 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 + 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 290 + 568 + 445 + 121 = 1424 𝑊
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 7676
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑥100 = 𝑥100 = 𝑥100 = 84.352 %
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑖𝑛 7676 + 1424
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
8. A 40 hp, 230 V, 8 pole, 25 Hz, three-phase induction motor is running at 355 rpm
at rated load. The torque lost by friction is 24 N.m. If the stator losses amount to
1,000 W, evaluate the efficiency of the motor at this load.
Given:
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 40 ℎ𝑝 𝑃 = 8 𝑓𝑠 = 25 𝐻𝑧 𝑁𝑟 = 355 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑇𝑓𝑤 = 24 𝑁. 𝑚
𝑃𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑠 + 𝑃𝑐𝑜 = 1000 𝑊
Solution:
9.55(40)(746)
𝑇𝑜𝑢𝑡 = = 802.74 𝑁. 𝑚
355
𝑇𝑚 = 802.74 + 24 = 826.74 𝑁. 𝑚
120(25) 9.55𝑃𝑟 𝑇𝑚 𝑁𝑆 826.74 375
𝑁𝑠 = = 375 𝑟𝑝𝑚 𝑇𝑚 = −−−→ 𝑃𝑟 = = = 32463.6 𝑊
8 𝑁𝑠 9.55 9.55
𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑃𝑟 + 𝑃𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 = 32463.6 + 1000 = 33463.6 𝑊
40(746)
𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑥100 = 89.17%
33463.6
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
9. If the equivalent rotational losses of the motor in number 8 is 1200 W, what is its
equivalent rotor copper loss?
Given:
746 𝑊
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 40 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 = 29840 𝑊
1 ℎ𝑝
𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 1200 𝑊
Solution:
𝑃𝑚 = 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝑓𝑤 = 29840 + 1200 = 31040 𝑊
𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 −−−→ 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 𝑃𝑟 − 𝑃𝑚 = 32463.6 − 31040 = 1423.6 𝑊
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
10. The rotor of a 220-V, 60 Hz, 4 pole induction motor has a power input of 80 kw is
observed that the rotor emf makes 90 cycles per minute. Calculate the gross
mechanical power developed and rotor copper loss.
Given:
90 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒 1 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑃𝑟 = 80 𝑘𝑊 𝑓𝑠 = 60 𝑐𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑟 = 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑡𝑒
𝑥 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
= 1.5 𝑐𝑝𝑠

Solution:
1.5
𝑠= = 0.025
60
𝑃𝑚 = 80 1 − 0.025 = 78 𝑘𝑊 𝑃𝑐𝑢𝑟 = 80 − 78 = 80 0.025 = 2 𝑘𝑊
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
11. Using the data of number 10,determine the rotor speed at this instant.
Given:
𝑃 = 4 𝑠 = 0.025
Solution:
120 60
𝑁𝑟 = 1 − 0.025 = 1755 𝑟𝑝𝑚
4
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
12. Two wattmeter is used to test a 25 hp, 230 V, 1800 rpm, 60 cycle, 3 phase
induction motor. When the line voltages are 230 V, one wattmeter reads+13400 W and
the other +7400 W. Determine the motor line current.
Given:
746 𝑊
𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 25 ℎ𝑝 𝑥 = 18650 𝑊 𝑉𝑙𝑙 = 230 𝑉 𝑊1 = 13400 𝑊 𝑊2 = 7400 𝑊
1 ℎ𝑝
Solution:
𝑊1 − 𝑊2 𝑊1 − 𝑊2
tan 𝜃 = 3 −−−→ 𝜃 = tan−1 ( 3 )
𝑊1 + 𝑊2 𝑊1 + 𝑊2
13400 − 7400
𝜃 = tan−1( 3 ) = 26.54𝑜
13400 + 7400
18650
𝐼𝑙 = = 58.4 𝐴
3 𝑥230𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠26.54

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