NSTP-CWTS 2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: FIRST-AID

LEARNING When disaster strikes within your area list down

the 5 things that you need to do.
OBJECTIVES
Also list down 5 things that you should avoid
during times of disaster.
After completing this study guide, you will be
able to: DISCUSSION
1. Have a deeper understanding as to what What is Disaster Response?
disaster response is.
2. Obtain knowledge regarding first aid Disaster Response is the action that is being
during disaster. done by people during before and after the
3. Identify ways to provide care to impact of disaster no matter what type that hits
individuals in given situations. the area. One of the most common effect of
4. Provide ways to be more resilient before disaster is that there would be victims. They are
during and after disaster strikes. members of the community who got caught in
the impact resulting in injury making it difficult
for them to move, there are also some instances
that these injuries render them immobile thus
TOPIC
being unable to seek assistance. As a member of
OUTLINE the community and future professional it is a key
point that each individual must have basic
1. What is disaster response? information on how to apply First Aid based on
2. Injuries within disaster. the different situation.
3. Providing First-aid
What is First Aid?
4. What to do during disaster
We all know that during disaster that there will
always be victims. It is due to panic and
confusion by the people during the impact of
OVERVIEW disaster. Victims are people who have been
incapacitated or injured that needs help.

Disaster response has been a key factor in First-aid is immediate act of providing care
disaster management particularly when it comes towards the victim. It aims to provide the
to controlling the loss due to the impact of following:
disaster that have struck an area. The loss may
vary from simple break in the resources up to the ➢ Preventing the condition to worsen.
more severe one such as having a mass ➢ Prevent additional number of casualties.
casualties and victims whose life is at risk. ➢ Promote better patient handling.
➢ Mitigate victim’s suffering.
LESSON PROPER
The components of first-aid

Victim: Identifying, assessing the condition. It is

This module will help you, the student to be someone who needs help
aware about the appropriate response during Helper: the one who will provide assistants and
times of disaster. As well as this will also give you the one who will be performing first aid to the
basic knowledge on how to provide first aid on victim.
different situation.
Sickness/Injury: the one responsible for the
ACTIVATING victim’s suffering. It may be classified into the
PRIOR KNOWLEDGE following

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NSTP-CWTS 2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: FIRST-AID

➢ Physiological: injury from blunt trauma Internal bleeding

or wounds
➢ Psychological: stress on the person’s Internal bleeding occurs when there is no open
mind due to the impact of disaster. wound but bleeding occurs within the body of
the victim. The areas that are prone to internal
Depending on the type of injury different first- bleeding are the thoracic cavity, the stomach
aid methods will be utilized. cavity and the head.

Prioritization The best action for this it to calm the victim, and
by taking him/her a clinic or hospital as quickly
We need to learn the ABC’s of prioritizing the as possible, because the treatment is limited to
victim’s condition.
those with special competence.
• Airway External bleeding
• Breathing
• Circulation External bleeding occurs when skin is scratched
and blood seeps out of the body which can be
Unlike in the situation where we look first to classified into different types, and they are the
those who are in critical situation. We need to following;
identify first those who are able to move. The
reason for this is that we can use them as an ➢ Puncture: A type of wound that is
additional resource of manpower in helping caused by an object piercing through the
those who are in critical state. flesh.
➢ Abrasion: It mainly caused by scraping
Injuries and their First-Aid or friction with a rough object.
➢ Laceration: This type is seen to be
let us now categorize injuries that we may
caused by tearing or crushing force.
encounter during times of disaster.
➢ Avulsion: A wound wherein the tissue is
Bleeding detached from the normal
➢ Incision: This is caused by a sharp object
During certain disasters, a bleeding wound may cutting through the flesh.
occur, e.g., piercing by flying building ➢ Amputation: A loss of limb or parts such
material during a cyclone, being struck down by as finger due to crushing or tearing
building debris, scratching by a sharp force.
object. Keep in mind that a bleeding wound can
be quite dangerous and should Things to consider when providing first-aid to
straightaway be treated because of several external wound.
factors:
➢ Prevent the bleeding by applying
• Whenever there is a loss of
pressure to the wound with a clean cloth
blood exceeding 20% of the
or a gauze.
total blood in a human
➢ If an object is lodged on the wound do
body, this may cause unconsciousness
not attempt to pull the impaled object.
and when no immediate help is given
➢ Clean the wound with antiseptic solution
could
to prevent further infection
result in death.
➢ Locate and position the wound and
• Blood flows from the wound. A
place it in higher position to minimize
wound represents a window for
blood flow.
microorganisms
➢ Cover the wound with a clean cloth or
enter the body, therefore the wound
gauze to prevent possibility of infection.
should be covered immediately to
➢ You may use tourniquet or clean
prevent possible
bandages to apply pressure to the
infection.
vessels.

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NSTP-CWTS 2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: FIRST-AID

Burn First-Aid for Burn

➢ Try to cool down the affected area by
A type of injury that may be caused by the fire, pouring or by soaking in a cold water.
electric shock, and chemical. Their types are as ➢ Do not pop the blisters, it will only cause
follows the area to be prone to infection. In case
➢ Friction Burn: Caused by object being of the burn wound begins to peel off
rubbed onto the skin. immediately cover with a clean cloth or
➢ Cold Burn: Also known as frostbite due gauze. This is done to prevent infection
to the extreme low temperature. from occurring at the burn site.
➢ Thermal Burn: Caused by sudden spike ➢ When proving bandage to the wound it
in the temperature due to extreme heat. is better to know that it is more
➢ Chemical Burn: Caused by solvents important to use gauze instead of cotton
coming in contact with the body. to prevent fibers sticking to the wound.
➢ Electrical Burn: Caused by the current ➢ Bandaging of wound is different from
flowing through the body. bandaging a burn. The main focus for
Avoid giving menthol-based cream to the burned burn is to completely cover the wound
victim. Since menthol only increases the pain, than tightening the bandage.
the patient is experiencing, it doesn’t cool them.
Fracture
Degree of burn is identified to know the situation This injury is formed by the bones being broken
of the person who suffered from that injury. due to trauma or crushing forces from a falling
debris or the person falling from a certain height.
➢ 1st Degree: Also known as surface burn. Types of Fractures
The only affected part is the outer layer There are different types of fractures that you
of the skin. It is considered to be the need to be aware of and here are some of those
most painful degree of burn. The burned examples:
part may appear to be red and warm to ➢ Closed: a type of fracture wherein the
touch. broken bone occurs from within and is
➢ 2nd Degree: The burn that goes deeper classified to different forms.
into the dermis blister may form. The ▪ Greenstick: the bone is partially
part may look swollen and red. Depends broken.
on the depth a scar may form causing ▪ Transverse: the broken line is
permanent damage. through the bone but there is no
➢ 3rd Degree: Severe form of burn wherein detachment.
two full layers of the skin and layers of ▪ Spiral: the bone is broken in a spiral
muscle got damaged. Instead of direction mainly from twisting.
appearing red the burnt area may ▪ Oblique: the bone is broken in a
appear black from the muscles being diagonal position; it can also be seen
seared. No pain can be felt due to the on the open type fracture.
pain receptors being totally damaged. ▪ Segmental: the bone is broken into
➢ In the case of frostbite instead of two way leaving a floating bone in
redness the color of the skin is that the middle.
purple shade due to sheer cold to touch ▪ Compression: the bone is crushed
the severe case may show signs that the causing it to be wider and flatter.
patient no longer feels pain or any other ➢ Open: a fracture wherein the bone
stimulus in the affected area due to the protrudes from the flesh and skin.
damaged nerve endings in the skin. ➢ Comminuted: the bone is shattered into
two or more pieces.

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NSTP-CWTS 2 DISASTER PREPAREDNESS: FIRST-AID

First-Aid for fractured victims. ➢ Medicines (pain reliever,

In attending for fractured victim, we must paracetamol, loperamide)
recognize first the signs and symptoms which are
the following: The emergency response bag will be able to help
you in providing first-aid to your victim.
➢ Black and blue
➢ Swollen For the disaster kit it should have the following:
➢ Very painful when touched or moved
➢ Change in form ➢ Bottled water
➢ Broken neck bone can be noticed when ➢ Mobile phone
there are wounds on both head and ➢ Additional money
neck ➢ Sweets/crackers
➢ Broken backbone can be noticed when ➢ Flashlight
there is a difference in the length of the ➢ Whistle
legs ➢ Emergency rope
➢ Broken rib-bone is followed by ➢ Multipurpose tool
breathing difficulties. ➢ Waterproof matches

These kits should always be accessible to you at

The main priority in providing first-aid for
all times. For when the time of disaster strikes
fractures is that we need to immobilize the
you are well equipped and have a higher chance
affected area by means of bandaging or securing
of survival.
the parts with splints.
It is better if you always participate during
If the area like the collarbone is broken a splint disaster drill as well a converse with family
in no longer needed, instead bind the shoulder members as to how to performs your specific
to retain and secure the position. roles and conduct drills at home for disaster
preparedness.
For the open fracture fixate the position without
moving the affected area and cover the wound
to prevent entry for infection. LEARNING ACTIVITY
How can we prepare ourselves?
Upon obtaining knowledge in providing initial 1. Download the Family Disaster Plan
first-aid we must also know the ways to be available at the iKonek.
prepared. 2. Fill out the needed information from
the Family Disaster Plan.
Emergency Response bag/Disaster Kit REFERENCES:
This bag can be made by everyone wherein it
should always be with you at all times as a form Redcross.org.ph
of disaster response. The content of the Redr.uk Disaster Response Manual
emergency response bag should be as follows; Disaster and Safety Education Manual
https://www.preventionweb.net/files/8082_DS
➢ Antiseptic Solutions (betadine, EQIKitFirstAidManual.pdf
hydrogen peroxide, alcohol)
➢ Gauze
➢ Adhesive tape Prepared by:
➢ Band-aid
➢ Scissors ELISA C. CRISTOBAL PhD
➢ Bandage ALYSSA ASHLEY R. DIEGO-MALAG, EdD
JOHN LEONARD L. CALUAG, MAN
➢ Tweezers
➢ Cotton balls

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