Lab 1: Kali Linux (Tiger Box)

Objectives In this practical you will set up your lab PC for course related
practical activities. The setup primarily involves the installation of
relevant software tools.

CLO: 3
Duration: 60min+

Requirements  Lab PC
 Lab Files: Software tools:
o Kali Linux

Tasks  Task 1: Install Kali Linux

 Task 2: Customize Kali
 Task 3: Kali GUI
 Task 4: Kali Linux Terminal and Shell

Lab Environment We will be working in a controlled lab environment where most of

the activities will be carried out using Virtual Machines (VMs).

Student Notes

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The Security Lab

The Security Lab Environment:

It is important to understand that the security lab is a controlled security testing
environment. You are NOT allowed to perform any type of intrusion or hacking
activities outside the lab environment. The lab PC will be used as the main
security workstation.

Lab Resources:
 VM Workstation (or Player): This will be our main virtual machine
software
 PC: High-end PCs will be used. All software should be installed on these
machines (RAM –Minimum 8GB –Recommended 16GB. Storage –
Minimum 50GB –Recommended 100+GB)
 SW Tools: Relevant software tools will be provided

Student Requirements:
 Backup Disk: It is highly recommended that you backup your lab work

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Task 1: Install Kali Linux
Task Objectives
 You will install Kali Linux as the Tiger Box for the course

About Kali Linux

“Kali Linux is the new generation of the industry-leading BackTrack Linux
penetration testing and security auditing Linux distribution. Kali Linux is a
complete re-build of BackTrack from the ground up, adhering completely to
Debian development standards.” Source and to learn more: http://docs.kali.org/

Kali Linux is a free open source toolbox with more than 600 penetration testing
tools included. Kali Linux will be our main tiger box (toolbox) for the course.

Kali Linux is an open source project that is maintained and funded by Offensive
Security. In addition to Kali Linux, Offensive Security also maintains the Exploit
Database and the free online course, Metasploit Unleashed.

Screenshots and steps in this lab are based on Kali Linux 2018.3 AMD 64 bits,
and VMWare Workstation 14 Pro.

1. Download the latest Kali ISO image from the Kali website (kali-linux-2018.3-
amd64.iso is the version used in this lab activity)
2. Open VMware Workstation and create a new virtual Machine (File  New Virtual
Machine…)

3. Keep Typical configuration and click Next

4. In the Guest Operating System page, select Installer disk image file (iso) and browse
to select the newly downloaded ISO file, and click Next

5. For the Operating System, select Linux and from the dropdown menu, select Debian
(any version since Kali is a ‘Debian-like’ distribution), and click Next

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 RAM 4
6. Type Kali 2018.3 as the VM name and note the default location folder (don’t change
it), then click Next

The default folder is where all your VMs should be in case you copied or moved
a machine later in the course.

7. The default size of 20GB should be enough. Keep the defaults and click Next

8. Verify the summary info and click Finish

We will change the memory (RAM) in the next step. The default of 512 MB is not
enough.

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 9. Click the Edit virtual machine settings to change the memory to 2048 MB (2GB) as
shown below

10. Click OK to save the changes

11. The VM is created but Kali is not yet installed on the virtual disk. In VMware
Workstation, click the Power on this virtual machine
12. If you get a warning prompt, click Ok and in the boot menu, select the Graphical
install option and hit enter

13. Leave the default language (English), country (OtherAsiaUnited Arab Emirates),
locale United States, and keyboard (American English)
14. For the hostname, type kaliyourname (e.g. kalisamer) and continue

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 15. Leave the domain name empty and continue
16. Type password (all lowercase) as the root password, re-enter and continue

17. Accept the default clock configuration

18. Accept the default disk partition configurations ( you need to click continue few
times)
19. Select Yes to write changes to disks and continue

20. Let the system finish installing, and when done, select No for network mirror
21. Select Yes to install GRUB boot loader and continue to choose the device as shown
below (/dev/sda)

22. When the installation is complete, click Continue for the final cleanup
23. Click the I Finished Installing button at the bottom of your VMWare window. If you
cannot see this button, ignore this step

24. The system will restart. Login using root/password as the credentials

Notice that the Kali VM window will be relatively small and visually may not be
very practical (depending on the resolution of your host computer).

Although there is an option to ‘AutoFit’ the guest window (View  Autosize),

this will not work. There is a step we need to do before we can auto-fit.

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 Kali VM Window

[--End of Task 1--]

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Task 2: Customize Kali
Task Objectives
 You will get familiar with the Kali GUI
 You will customize Kali

1. From VMWare, click the VM menu and select Install VMware Tools

This will mount a virtual CD with the required tools

You will also get some help on what to do next

2. Double-click the VMware Tools CD icon on the desktop

This will open the contents of the tools CD

3. Locate the archive file (tar.gz)

4. Right click and Open With Archive Manager
5. In Archive Manager, click Extract and choose a location (e.g. Desktop)

6. Click the Extract button (top right corner)

7. Open the extracted folder

Extracted folder on the Desktop

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 8. Right-click any empty point in the folder and click Open in Terminal
9. In the terminal window, run the command shown below

./vmware-install.pl
10. During the installation, you will be prompted for file locations, accept the defaults by
hitting Enter on each prompt
11. You will be asked for configuration questions, accept the default by hitting Enter on
each prompt
12. When done, shutdown your Kali VM
13. If you haven’t done so already, select the Autofit Guest option as shown below

14. Start your Kali VM

Kali VM Window

15. Try to copy/paste or drag-and-drop files between your host computer and your
guest VM

[--End of Task 2--]

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Task 3: Kali GUI
Task Objectives
 You will get familiar with the Kali GUI

1. Open the web browser and ensure you have an internet connection
2. Get familiar with Kali’s user interface and answer the questions below

What is the name of

the web browser?
What is your
hostname?
What is your IP
address?
What command did
you use to get the IP
address?
How many application
categories are in the
Kali tiger box?
Under which category
can nmap be found?
Under which category
can Wireshark be
found?
Under which category
can john be found?

3. Kali Linux supports what is known as workspace (shown below). Research Linux
Workspace and write your findings in the space below:

What is a Linux
Workspace?

4. Find the icon shown below and answer the question

What is this icon used

for?

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 5. Click the Show Applications icon

6. Click All to show all applications

Notice that the screenshot shows 3 pages of applications, and that they are
searchable.

7. In the search field, type metasploit and notice how as you type, the application
appears

8. Let’s turn off the screen lock in our Kali. Type screen lock in the search field and then
select the Privacy setting

Select Privacy

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 9. Turn off the screen lock as shown below and then close the privacy settings window

10. Independent Step:

Change the power options so that the screen doesn’t turn off after 5 min (which is
the default). Change it to Never

[--End of Task 2--]

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Task 4: Kali Linux Terminal and Shell
Task Objectives
 You will use Linux commands and discover what they do

In Linux, the Terminal is a window that allows you to write commands and
execute.

When the Terminal opens, it would have a program running in it called bash,
which is a shell that can interpret and execute commands. The output is sent
back to the Terminal.

A Shell is a command-line interpreter.

The location of bash is in the bin folder (/bin/bash).

Most of our work will be through the Terminal and its Shell, using commands.

1. Independent Step:
Open a Terminal window and find out how you zoom in and out using keyboard
shortcuts (Hint: Preferences)

The two most important commands/utilities are: man and help

man: Linux man pages help to explain what each command can do. Each man
page should give you a general overview of the command, its flags (options) and
possibly an example of how to use it.

help: Linux help provides information about a function or command.

In practical exams, you are allowed to use the man pages and the help system.

2. In your Terminal, open a new tab (not a new window), and run the following
command: man ifconfig
3. Try: help ifconfig (did it work?)
4. Independent Step:

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 Using man and/or help, find out about the following commands, and write down
what each command does:
clear

cd

ls

mkdir

tar

pwd

5. Type the following command

6. Type the following command

Is Linux case sensitive?

7. Type the following command (note you should be inside the Desktop directory; also
note the space)

8. Type the following command

9. Go back to the Desktop directory. What command did you type?

10. What are the contents of the Desktop directory? And what command did you use?

11. Type the following command (replace Samer with your name)

12. Type the following command (note that you should be in your name folder)

13. Type the following command

14. Type the following command (note the space)

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 15. After the above command, try the pwd command again. What is the output?

What is the difference

between the following?
cd ..
cd /

16. Using one command change the directory from the root / folder to the folder you
created earlier on the Desktop (your name). What command did you use?
cd root/Desktop/Samer
17. Start the web browser
18. Minimize the browser but keep it open
19. Go back to the terminal window and clear it
20. Type the following command

21. Scroll down until you find firefox-esr and write down the PID (process ID):

22. Type the following command (basically, we filtering the output with results that
contain “fire”)

23. Now, we want to kill the firefox process using the kill command. Find out how it’s
done. What command did you use?

[--End of Task 4--]

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Review Questions
The following questions are based on the information and activities performed
in the activity you just completed.

1. What is Kali Linux?

2. What Linux command is used to get the IP address of the machine?

3. If you want to find out more about a command or utility in Linux, what tool(s)
would you use?
A. help
B. man
C. help or man
D. ?

4. Which one of the following is NOT an option for the VM Network Adaptor setting
in VMware Workstation?
A. Internal
B. Bridged
C. NAT
D. Host-Only

5. How many categories of tools are available in the current Kali distribution?
A. 12
B. 5
C. 8
D. 14

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