Senior High School

Creative
Nonfiction
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Factual/Nonfictional Elements
in Texts
Creative Nonfiction - Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 2: Factual / Nonfictional Elements in Texts
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ric Michael M. Estrera
Editors: Ernesto V. Baclaan Jr.
Reviewers: Divilyn M. Rodriguez
Illustrator: Ric Michael M. Estrera
Template Developer: Neil Edward D. Diaz
Management Team: Reynaldo M. Guillena
Jinky B. Firman
Marilyn V. Deduyo
Alma D. Cifra
May Ann M. Jumuad
Aris B. Juanillo

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E-mail Address: [email protected]

 Senior High School

Creative
Nonfiction
Quarter 3 – Module 2:
Factual/Nonfictional Elements
in Texts
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to
use this module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress
while allowing them to manage their own learning at home.
Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:

As a learner, you must learn to become responsible of your own
learning. Take time to read, understand, and perform the different
activities in the module.
As you go through the different activities of this module be
reminded of the following:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer Let Us Try before moving on to the other
activities.
3. Read the instructions carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking
your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are done.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this
module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always
bear in mind that you are not alone. We hope that through this
material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let Us Learn
In this module you will analyze and interpret factual/nonfictional
aspects in the texts. You may be able to use this knowledge of the elements
of factual/nonfictional aspects in your day to day conversations and even in
written outputs.

May you find significant learning experiences and joy from this module.
Let’s start the fun and learning now.

Learning Competency:

• Analyze factual/nonfictional elements (Plot, Characters,

Characterization, Point of View, Angle, Setting and Atmosphere,
Symbols and Symbolisms, Irony, Figures of speech, Dialogue, Scene,
Other elements and Devices) in the texts

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate fiction and nonfiction;

2. analyze factual/nonfictional elements in a text read; and

3. write samples of nonfictional texts based on experiences using elements

and devices.

Let Us Try

Directions: Identify what is asked in each statement.

1. It is a stated comparison between two fundamentally dissimilar things
that have certain qualities in common.
a. hyperbole b. oxymoron c. paradox d. simile

2. It is giving human characteristics to inanimate objects.

a. onomatopoeia b. personification c. apostrophe d. simile

3. It uses words that imitate the sound associated with objects or actions.
a. simile b. allusion c. apostrophe d. onomatopoeia

4. It is a figurative language used to represent objects, actions, and ideas

in a manner that appeals to the five senses.
a. symbol b. imagery c. theme d. setting
5. It is a figurative language that addresses an absent person or thing.
a. onomatopoeia b. personification c. apostrophe d. simile

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 6. It is used to represent something else. Through this, the author is able
to go beyond the literal meaning of a text and present ideas figuratively.
a. symbol b. point-of-view c. theme d. setting

7. It is the central idea of either a poem or a story.

a. setting b. point-of-view c. theme d. symbol

8. It is an element of a story which refers to the time and the place.

a. symbol b. imagery c. theme d. setting

9. Which of the following BEST describes an autobiography?

a. Writer tells his own story. c. gives a description of the topic
b. Writer tells someone else’s story d. writing that is not factual

10. Which of the following statements BEST describes a nonfiction.

a. writing that is true c. writer tells magical story
b. reason for which the author writes d. writer describes
imaginative event
11. Which of the following is part of a magazine, newspaper, or book?
a. vlog b. novel c. article d. diary

12. Which of the following supports the main idea?

a. opinions and details c. a persuasion
b. summaries of details d. facts and details

13. Which of the following presents details in time order from first to last?
a. style c. purpose
b. chronological organization d. cause-and-effect

14. Which of the following is the overall feeling of a selection?

a. theme b. purpose c. mood d. style

15. Which of the following has the primary purpose of giving factual
information?
a. biography b. expository c. blog d. persuasion

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 Let Us Study

Activity 1: Difference between Fiction and Nonfiction

Complete the Venn Diagram by putting the key words of the respective
topics.

FICTION NONFICTION

facts style non-existent

imagination topic fabricated
interesting journalism fairy tales
characters real autobiographies
dialogues not real memoirs

Were you able to get the correct answers?

You have already learned from your previous modules about fiction.
Now, let us discuss nonfiction.
Nonfiction refers to the literature based on facts. Examples are prose
writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography,
history, autobiography, literary journalism/reportage, personal narratives,
travelogue, reflection essay, true narratives, blogs, testimonies, and other
forms.

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Principles, Elements, Techniques, and Devices of Creative Nonfiction

A. Plot and Characterization

Plot can be divided into the following:

1. Beginning- the initiating event

2. Exposition- background information
3. Rising Action and Conflict- the tension or problem experienced by the
character
4. Climax- the most intense part of the story
5. Ending- completes the story

A good plot will define a good character. “The key to creating complete,
lifelike, and believable characters are, the more readily audiences (or) readers
will empathize and sympathize with them” (ibid).

B. Setting and Atmosphere

Setting means the time, place, where, and when an event happened.
Atmosphere refers to the elements that evoke certain feelings or emotions. In
a creative nonfiction text, the world created by the narrator is based on real,
factual world. The role of the writer is to make this world real. The atmosphere
created by the world of the essay will bring the reader to this world, at least
in his/her mind.

C. Angel and Point of View

The most commonly used point of view is the first person point of view.
The writer may use “I”, “me”, or “mine” in narrating. However, do not be
confused by its perspective. Point of view refers to whether the story is
narrated in the first person, second, or third person. Perspective, on the othr
hand, answers the question from whose angle the story is told.

D. Symbolism and Irony

Symbolism is a literary technique that uses symbols or representations. It

is employed in creative nonfiction in order to make one’s narration interesting.
Irony is a literary device that is meant to infuse more life into one’s writing
(Moratilla, 2016).

Three types of Irony:

1. Verbal Irony- occurs when the speaker’s intention is the opposite of

what s/he is saying.

2. Situational Irony- occurs when the actual result of a situation is

totally different from what you’d expect the result to be.

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 3. Dramatic Irony- occurs when the audience knows a key piece of
information that a character in a play, movie or novel does not.

E. Figures of Speech

It constitutes literary device that deviates from the literal meaning of an

idea. This device is used to emphasize vivid and more colorful point.
Among the Figures of Speech are:

1. Simile is the comparison of two different enteties using like or as

Example: He is like a lion when he gets furious.

2. Metaphor is the comparison of two different enteties without using like

or as
Example: He is a lion when he is angry.

3. Personification uses human attributes to inanimate objects

Example: The nation mourns because of the increasing number of
death toll.

4. Apostrophe addresses someone or something as if it were alive when

the utterance is made
Example: Poverty! Get away from our system!

5. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration to emphasize an idea

Example: Mountains of dead bodies were piled in the aftermath of the
typhoon Yolanda.

6. Oxymoron uses two words together that have contradictory meanings.

Some common examples include small crowd, definitely possible, old
news, little giant, and so on.

7. Metonymy is the substitution of a word or phrase for an idea to which

it is closely related
Example. I am amazed when I read Picasso(art).

8. Synechdoche is taking the “part” to represent the whole.

Example: He’s got new wheels. (Wheels refer to car.)

9. Onomatopoeia is a word that actually looks like the sound it makes,

and we can almost hear those sounds as we read.
Example: The buzzing sound of the bell triggered the soul of the
prisoners.

F. Scene and Dialogue

Scenes and stories are the building blocks and anchoring elements
of creative nonfiction. The scene becomes more interesting and animate
with the use of dialogues. Dialogue refers to the verbal exchange
between the characters (Moratilla, 2016).

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 Let Us Practice

Activity 4: Elements Identifier

Directions: Read the selection below. Answer the questions that follow.

Storm Country
By: Genevieve Prias

Ondoy will always hold a place in the annals of the most destructive
tropical storms to directly strike the metropolis. It did not have really the
strong, gusty winds that characterize the weather disturbances that
regularly hit the countryside. What it did was an extraordinary water
volume – the biggest in a very long time.

It was a toned-down version of Noah’s Deluge, except that, unlike

Noah who had been forewarned about the destruction and instructed to
build an ark to save his family at least, most of the people in NCR were
not told about the water volume of Ondoy. They knew about the storm, of
course, courtesy of PAGASA, the government’s embattled weather agency
that perennially suffers from budgetary concerns and the lack of people
and facilities, among others. For Filipinos, typhoons and storms are like
their next-door neighbors or their next of kin who would knock on their
doors and pay regular visits. About 20 of them come every year to our
archipelagic country.

Floods per se do not catch people by surprise. Filipinos know that,

to paraphrase a saying, when it rains in NCR, it pours, and it floods.
Flooding is a fact of life insofar as the people of Metro Manila are
concerned – like traffic, like the overcrowding and overloading on trains,
like pollution (air, noise, and what not), like politicians who renege on
promises made during the campaign period. But Ondoy’s surge was
different. It rained for six hours–a far cry from the 40 days and 40 nights
of biblical lore. On other days, the rainfall would last an entire day. But
Ondoy’s six-hour downpour was equivalent to a month’s average rainfall,
as experts would later reveal.

Some children took advantage of the entire rainfall and trooped to

the streets, together with not a few naive adults who wanted to relieve
themselves of the punishing tropical heat. Families brought out their
containers- barrels, pails, basins to catch some water- while others stayed
inside, watching the downpour from their windows, obvious to the trail of
destruction that Ondoy would soon leave.

Good thing it was a Saturday and schools were not holding classes,
except for some colleges and universities. The college students who
reported for class that day regretted having left home. “If not for exams,”

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said Rica, an Education student in one of the schools along Taft, “I would
have chosen to be absent.” When it comes to class suspensions, Rica and
her fellow students would often consider themselves dehado, that is, on
the losing end. College classes are suspended last and only after local
government officials have declared so. At times, it is left to the discretion
of school administrators. When their grade school and high school
counterparts are told to stay home to keep safe and avoid any possible
inconvenience, college students have the elements. In not a few instances,
they have to wade through Metro Manila’s legendary flood waters in order
to reach school and reach home after school. As in the case of our other
social concerns, we have made a joke out of it: Grade school and high
school students are tao, while collegians are amphibian, if not sirena or
syokoy.

It had been raining for half an hour when the people realized the
gravity of Ondoy. As the water rose unabated, traffic ground to a halt.
Drivers chose to wait instead of pushing their way through, and
commuters negotiated minutes, then hours of suspended animation as
jeepneys and buses came to a standstill. Later video clips showed more
appalling scenes- people clinging to tree; survivors pleading for help from
their rooftops; bodies, either dead or alive, being tossed around or away
by the raging flood.

Like a malevolent spirit, Ondoy was already playfully turning NCR

upside down.

Questions:

1. Who is Rica?

_____________________________________________________________________

2. Describe the setting.

_____________________________________________________________________

3. What was Rica’s problem?

_____________________________________________________________________

4. What is the point of view of the selection?

_____________________________________________________________________

5. Write what each statement means and tell what figure of speech it
exemplifies:

a. It was a toned-down version of Noah’s Ark.

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 __________________________________________________________________

b. Ondoy playfully turned NCR upside down.

__________________________________________________________________

c. For Filipinos, typhoons and storms are like their next-door

neighbors.

__________________________________________________________________

d. Bodies are tossed around or away by the raging flood.

__________________________________________________________________

e. Is the selection an example of nonfiction? Why? Provide reasons.

__________________________________________________________________

Let Us Practice More

Autobiography

Directions: An autobiography is a self-written account of one’s life based on

facts. Write an autobiography of not less than 200 words. Be reminded to
use techniques and devices to make your work creative and interesting. Be
guided with the rubric below.
Criteria Very Good Good Fair Poor
4 3 2 1
Organizatio Events are in Events are in Some events Most events
n& logical order logical order are are
Sequencing and keep the but disorganized disorganized
of Events interest of sometimes making the making the
the reader. lose the reader readers lost.
interest of confused
the reader. sometimes.
Accuracy of All facts are Most facts Some facts are Most facts
Facts accurate are accurate. accurate. are not true.
Use of Output Output Output shows Output
techniques shows shows a little shows no
and devices mastery and understandin understanding understandin
understandin g of the of the different g of the
g of the different techniques different
different techniques which were techniques;

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 techniques and were used hence none
which were used inappropriatel of these was
used effectively. y. used.
effectively.

Let Us Assess
Directions: Read the following statements. Write the letter of your
answer on the space provided.
_____1. Which among the choices BEST describes figures of speech?
A. a familiar expression
B. what the author really means
C. a non-literal way of saying something
D. something only writers use
_____2. What figure of speech gives human attribute to nonhuman or
nonliving things?
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. personification
D. hyperbole
_____3. "Education is our passport to the future, and tomorrow belongs to those
who prepare for it today." The italicized expression exemplifies a/an
A. metaphor
B. alliteration
C. simile
D. oxymoron
______4. "Earth is here so kind, that just tickle her with a hoe and she laughs
with a harvest."
A. synecdoche
B. metonymy
C. pun
D. personification
_____5. "Resentment is like drinking poison and waiting for it to kill your
enemy."
A. simile
B. metaphor
C. personification
D. allusion
_____6. What does the quote below mean?
"Striving for success without hard work is like trying to harvest
where you haven't planted."
A. It is important to strive for success.
B. It is wrong to work hard for success.
C. You should plant crops where you plan to harvest them.
D. To be successful, you must first work hard.

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_____7. What does the quote below mean?
"Experience is a hard teacher because she gives the test first, the
lesson afterward."
A. It's a helpful experience to have a hard teacher.
B. Everyone has the experience of making mistakes both in school
and in life.
C. Experienced teachers give the lesson first and then the test.
D. Experience can be a difficult way to learn because you learn
from making mistakes.
_____8. What does the quote below mean?
"The best university of all is a collection of books."
A. All universities should have a large book collection.
B. A university can be judged by the size of its book collection.
C. Reading books can provide a person with an excellent
education.
D. People who want to attend a university should first read a large
collection of books.
_____9. I bombed the Biology test. I wish had studied harder for it. What
does this mean?
A. I passed the test C. I forgot I had a test
B. I failed the test D. I was absent for the test
_____10. “Oh Judgment! Thou art fled from Brutish beast!” What type of
figurative language is it?
A. oxymoron
B. apostrophe
C. simile
D. metaphor
_____11. It refers to how the event is told.
A. angle B. point of view C. setting D. plot
_____12. Which among the choices is the overall feeling of a selection?
A. theme B. purpose C. mood D. style
_____13. Which among the choices has the primary purpose of giving factual
information?
A. biography
B. expository
C. blog
D. persuasion
_____14. It is a short formal piece of writing dealing with a single subject. It
is usually written to persuade the reader using selected research
evidence.
A. essay B. memoir C. poem D. short story
_____15. Which among the choices BEST describes an autobiography?
A. Writer tells his own story.
B. Writer tells someone else’s story.
C. It gives a description of the topic.
D. It is writing that is not factual.

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 Let Us Enhance

Activity 6: Let’s Travel

Directions: Recall an outing, travel, or adventure with your friends or family.
Make a travel account of it by doing the following tasks:

A. Recall the highlights of the travel using the timeline below:

B. Using the timeline above, write an account of the travel. Remember to

use techniques and devices (such as imagery, figurative language, etc…)
to make your article interesting to read. Be guided with the rubric in
the previous activity.

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Answer key to Activities

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 References

Moratilla, Noel Christian A, & John Iremil E. Teodoro.(2016).Creative Writing

Nonfiction.Quezon City, Philippines:The Phoenix Publishing House,
Inc.
http://blog.flocabulary.com/definitions-and-examples-of-irony-in-
literature/
https://bookriot.com/difference-between-fiction-and-nonfiction/
https://literaryterms.net/figures-of-speech/
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/589fc060774a6b7162930eec/figures-of-
speech
https://writingtipsoasis.com/the-key-differences-and-similarities-between-
fiction-and-
nonfiction/#:~:text=The%20term%20nonfiction%20refers%20to,produc
t%20of%20the%20author's%20imagination.&text=Fiction%20is%20cre
ative%20by%20nature,nominally%20used%20in%20fiction%20work.
https://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_similarities_between_fiction_an
d_nonfiction
https://www.google.com/search?q=meaning+of+non+fiction&rlz=1C1GCEA_
enPH918PH918&oq=meaning+of+non+fiction&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l7.
4495j1j4&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Davao City Division

Elpidio Quirino Ave., Poblacion District, Davao City, 8000 Davao del Sur

Telefax: (082) 224-3274, (082) 222-1672

E-mail Address: [email protected]

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