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Design Smart Solar Inverter using e-waste with IOT control

Ravindra Parab1, Pawan Pandey2,
1
Student M.Tech, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Malwa Institute of Technology, Indore
2
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Malwa Institute of Technology, Indore
Corresponding Author Email: [email protected]
Abstract

Today is the age of evolution of technology, Innovation will be the key to success in this era of rapid
technological advancement and adoption in every area. But matter is that how to make efficient to
conventional technology or to make it advance such technology. In present scenario global
environmental and energy problems, high expectations exist for solar power generation directly result
in to reduce carbon dioxide generation by the primary use of fossil fuels. On the other hand domestic
power consumption demand arising day to day. Our aim is to demonstrate solar energy to design smart
solar inverter to utilize scrap e-waste. E-waste production is increasing day by day with least solution
to reuse it for other purposes. E-waste can be a heavy part of future problems. The inverter is made by
the help of most of e-waste material. This 500W solar micro inverter consists of three portion: the
MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracker) the DC-to-AC step-up converter and the AC-DC Inverter
sections. In this paper, the attachment of hi-tech application (Data Acquisition System) using
ESP8266/32 & sensor which helps to monitor temperature, battery position & light position to protect
overall system environmental-friendly. Environmental friendly term hype for which the paper and the
device totally support it, with equal importance. At the end, the inverter made up of e-waste but also
with the application of IOT (Internet of things) can help to control the inverter from anywhere and
regulate our safety concerns.
Keywords: E-waste, IOT, Inverter, ESP8266/32, LDR, LM35, MPPT
certain different attention to make a circuit. Circuit
1. Introduction completed with different component specified in
paper. The inverter work on two different phase of
As electronics waste is a concern problem raising main power supply. First phase is the power from
rapidly, it now creating heavy adverse effects. the electric current and second by taking power
Reusing e-waste is not possible for us now from solar panel. The clearer the application is
completely. From our experiences e-waste require that, when due to weather the sunlight is not have
special attention and to prevent e-waste more a tendency to charge the inverter it directly going
efforts then normal is required. With efforts to switch itself on the main power supply. From
investment in the field of recycling and reusing by which we can see, energy can be saved in heavy
an industry should be a considerable option. Every manner by not using main power. The whole
component in electric circuit required different inverter is directly connected to an IOT source.
process or attention for reusing. In this paper, use The IOT source directly helping us make sure the
of IOT on a e-waste inverter from scrap is used for surveillance of its component and the power
showing an example and define it can again work output measurement, temperature, humidity,
with some special treatment. Such inverter require voltage current, power factor which can be used to

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detect the life of inverter and its tendency to

tolerate. LDR sensor mainly used as component As per my literature and daily life survey, in this
for detecting light and give us a detection towards paper we are presenting those which are not that
the light intensity which can help solar panel much familiar or not easily can be seen as a
judgment of available of light. Mosfet helping to consideration of electronics waste: -
convert AC to DC conversion in connection with
transformer. LM317 as IC helping in voltage
regulator. Its function to work on variable value, 1. Students during practice at electronic
so that its voltage can be adjusted as per our laboratories, use different IC’s and due to lack of
requirement. knowledge and skills, they damage different
component. Shortage of IC’s is not only present in
1.1 E-waste educational field. As a student and professional, I
acknowledged this reason from very long time.
Electronic waste (e-Waste) is a common and Seen bulk of electronics components in waste gave
casual term that openly applies to all white out from the industries. From small components to
products, consumer and business electronics, and bulky components, every electronics waste have a
hardware for information technology that is at the level from where it can’t be repairable due to age
end of its useful life. A vast and increasing range limit of its tendency to bear electric current and
of electronic products, from large home appliances voltage.
such as refrigerators, air conditioners, mobile
phones, stereos and consumer electronics to 2. When satellite released from earth, it is not
computers. E-Waste also can be defined as any a big problem that batteries and IC have life span.
appliance of electrical capacity that has reached its Because, countries want to be best and be on top in
end-of-life.[3][5][6] every race they are not worry about the electronic
waste in space. Battery, IC’s, Semiconductors and
1.2 IoT Ecosystem so many various component have certain life span
to give feedback and work with highly
An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart recommendable condition. When the life span
devices that use embedded systems, such as completed by them, then there is no one who’s
processors, sensors and communication hardware, replacing them or taking back on earth to reuse
to collect, send and act on data they acquire from somehow.
their environments. IoT devices share the sensor 3. Every home these days have toys for their
data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway children or gadgets with chip, when it goes out of
or other edge device where data is either sent to the working condition then we don’t put our efforts to
cloud to be analysed or analysed locally. repair the same.
Sometimes, these devices communicate with other
related devices and act on the information they get In given literature review, each review is from
from one another. The devices do most of the work different region and different perspective. The
without human intervention, although people can reviews are as follows: -
interact with the devices -- for instance, to set them 1. Emon, Imran, and Afsana Monmila.
up, give them instructions or access the data.[30] “Electronic Waste Management Can Be the
[34] Biggest Challenge in Bangladesh.” ICBM (2019).
ESDO conducted a research survey on the topic
2. Literature Survey of e-waste and the development of a mass

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awareness and learning program on e-waste they are safe and quiet and do not produce
through a project based on Dhaka and Chittagong greenhouse gases emissions from the
City. According to a recent report by the University atmosphere.
of Engineering and Technology of Bangladesh,
Bangladesh generates around 400,000 metric tons
of this e-waste annually (BUET).[9]
2. “Recycling of e-waste in China may expose
mothers, infants to high dioxin levels, science
news,” 2007.
Alarming amounts of dioxin compounds associated
with cancer, developmental disorders and other
health issues have been detected. These compounds
are associated with excessive disposal of electrical
goods in breast milk, placenta and hair samples. Figure.1. Solar Panel

3. E-waste components in circuit 2. A field-effect transistor metal-oxide

semiconductor is a special type of field-
In circuit, majority of component are taken from effect transistor that operates by
scrap. Some components from different not electronically changing the width of a
working product, which are used in a way to
consume them in great way. The components are channel along which the movement of
as follows: - charge carriers (electron or hole) flows.
The larger the channel, the best the unit
1. PCB works. At the source, the charge carriers
2. Transistor enter the channel and exit through the
3. Mosfet drain. The channel diameter is regulated by
4. Regulated IC the voltage on an electrode called the tube,
5. Relay which is physically located between the
6. Solar Panel source and the drain and is shielded by an
extremely thin layer of metal oxide from
the pipe.
3.1 Component Description

1. A solar cell is a solid state electrical device

which, through the photovoltaic effect, 3. A transistor is a semiconductor component
converts the energy of light directly into used for electronic signals and electrical
electricity. Solar panels are classified as power amplification or switching with at
assemblies of cells used for producing solar least three external circuit communication
modules that are used to collect energy terminals. A voltage-current applied to one
from sunlight. Solar panels do not burn fuel pair of terminals of the transistor affects
and have no moving components, meaning the current through another pair of

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terminals. A transistor can amplify a signal a versatile moving mechanical component

since the controlled power can be greater that can be operated electronically by an
than the controlling power. electromagnet. Essentially, a relay is like a
mechanical switch, except instead of
turning it on or off manually, you can
trigger it with an electronic signal. Again
this working principle of relay fits only for
the electromechanical relay.

Figure.2. LM317 pin diagram

4. Signetic Corporation launched the 555

timer IC in the year 1970. Basically, it is a
monolithic timing circuit that generates Figure.4. PLA RELAY
time delays or oscillations that are reliable
and extremely stable. The 555IC is also
similarly effective and is inexpensive in 6. A printed circuit board (PCB) uses
price. It can also be used in dc-dc conductive tracks, pads and other features
converters, optical logic probes, waveform to mechanically sustain and electrically
generators, analog frequency meters and link electrical or electronic parts, etched
tachometers, temperature measurement and from one or more sheet layers of copper
control systems, voltage regulators, etc, in laminated to and/or between sheet layers of
addition to its uses as a monostable a non-conductive substrate.
multivibrator and astable multivibrator.

Figure.5. PCB

Figure.3. IC555 pin diagram

4. Hardware Requirements
5. A Relay is an electromechanical
mechanism which can be used to establish Components used for working inverter: -
an electrical link or to sever it. It consists of 1. ESP8266/32

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2. SG3524
3. LM339 4. 2. LDR
4. IC555
5. LM35
6. LDR In general, the monitoring of lighting and home
7. LM317 appliances is manually operated and controlled on
8. LM7805 a variety of occasions. However, due to the
9. ICLM358 carelessness of human beings or uncommon
10. IC741 conditions, the method of regulating appliances can
cause power wastage. We may use the light-
Description of some components are as follows:- dependent resistor circuit to monitor loads based on
the strength of light to solve this problem. It is
4. 1. SG3524 made up of high resistance semiconductor material.

The SG3524 IC integrates all the functions

necessary for the single chip construction of a
controlling power supply, inverter or switching
controller. For high-power-output applications,
SG3524 can also be used as the control feature.
Applications of SG3524:-
1. Desktop PCs
2. Microwave Ovens
3. Server PSUs Figure.7. LDR pin diagram
4. Solar Micro-Inverters
5. Washing Machines: Low-End and High-
End 4. 3. LM7805
6. E-Bikes
7. Power: Telecom/Server AC/DC Supplies:
8. Smoke Detectors 7805 is a 5V fixed output voltage three-terminal
linear voltage regulator IC that is useful in a wide
variety of applications. The 7805 Voltage
Regulator IC is currently manufactured by Texas
Instruments, ON Semiconductor,
STMicroelectronics, Infineon Technologies,
Diodes Inc., etc.

Figure.6. SG3524 pin diagram

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inverter was in waste because of the no knowledge

of the field. The electronic component complexity
is cannot be recognized by any one on simpler
manner.
2. Other components used in the complete
package helping here to use our inverter up to full
. length. The lack of battery in inverter in scrap, is
task to find same capacity due to parts
specification.
Figure.8. LM7805 pin diagram
3. LDR justify its feature to detect the
humidity and temperature, to know the solar panel
working is proper or not.
4. 4. NodeMCU (ESP8266)
4. Solar panel is directly charging our inverter
through sun light. At the time the weather is bad,
The ESP8266 features an 802.11b/g/n HT40 Wi-Fi the inverter main power supply switch by relay.
transceiver, allowing it not only to connect to and Function of Relay directly helping whole package
communicate with the Wi-Fi network, but also to to work on continuous non stoppable function.
set up its own network, allowing other users to 5. Capacitor is added with battery of inverter
connect directly to it. This makes the NodeMCU so that the efficiency of components as well as
ESP8266 much more versatile. battery during weaken or not regulate current and
voltage, which may can damage PCB.
6. MPPT (maximum power point tracker) use for
regulate the voltage and current during attenuation.
The reason of using it to optimize the supply in
proper manner, so that the efficiency of panel and
other component will not get effected.
7. IOT (internet of things) use is to manage or
control the unit from anywhere. As the pandemic
Figure.9. NodeMCU (ESP8266) taught us to move more towards the IOT, by using
this control feature we can manage the safety of
our home, factory or any other place where, such
system is installed.
5. Methodology
6. Working of Inverter with IOT
The methodology contains, different parts
description and feature use and its requirement in The working of inverter is not affected by the main
the circuit. It is as follows: - idea of this paper to combine effort of e-waste with
IOT. Inverter work in same as the conventional
1. The inverter is taken from scrap, to justify one. But, the charging of battery have different
the e-waste. The inverter precondition is without type of input. The input have featuring from
battery, but the circuit is well up to the mark. The sunlight through solar panel. Solar panel can

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charge the battery with its full capacity. MPPT as Output waveform type – Quasi Square wave
component helping to maintain the current and Input Voltage – 240volts/50Hz
voltage. The other source going to be active when
there is no reach of sunlight or due to bad weather.
LDR sensor is the one which help to shift the Conclusions
battery power source from sunlight to home power
supply. The inverter connected to the IOT circuit
for controlling from different places. The main In this paper, we tried to use electronic waste as an
reason to add IOT in this idea is safety. We can application. E-waste is a concern for industries
operate the inverter as per our need from anywhere these days. The concern which can become a
around the world and control it at the time of nightmare for us in future. From bulky
malfunctioning to prevent disaster. IOT system requirement of computers by IT company and its
sensing temperature, humidity, power and current component malfunctioning creating load on
difference to understand the state of inverter. company storage units. If electronic waste used in
Inverter circuit is gained from scrap, which was not such manner that it can be a reusable or long use,
in condition to work with malfunctioned battery so that the manufacturing or new component can
only. By using an old battery, we reused many be slow down and the extraction and so many
components. Reusing give more to use such circuit other process in industries can reduce heavily to
for longer then we think.
pollution and unnecessary production services.
The combination of E-waste, Solar energy and
electronic circuit with IOT show us how we can
reduce, reuse and surveillance which can break
many conventional thinking in terms of
production. This can be method to cooperate
between renewable resource and non-renewable
resource can challenge previous terminology to
use newer component and old power supplies.

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