Q1) Explain with suitable example, the advantages of using Normalized form of representing

numbers.

Q2) For two floating point numbers x1= 0.7268 x 105 and x2 = 0•6271 x 104, find x1-x2 in floating point
representation.

Q3) Find the product of two numbers given in question number 2 above, in floating point notation.

Q4) Write the following system of linear equations in matrix form

— 8x + 15y = — 1

7x— 4y = 10

Q5) Find an interval in which the following equation has a root X 2 - 12x + 30 = 0.

Q6) Write briefly the steps of bisection method to find roots of an equation.

Q7) Write E and µ in terms of v-.

Q8) Write the expressions, one for each, which is obtained by applying each of the following
operators to f(x) for some h > O :

(i) D
(ii) E
(iii) V-

Q9) State formulae for each of the following interpolations :

(i) Newton's Forward Difference Formula

(ii) Stirling’s Formula

Q10) Construct a difference table for following data :

X 1 2 3 4
F(x) 8 12 17 25

b
Q11) State Trapezoidal rule Trapezoidal rule for finding the value of integral ∫ f ( x ) dx alsoshow it
a
geometrically

Q12) Explain each of the following concepts with a suitable example .

(i) Boundary value problem

(ii) Order of a differential equation
(iii) Degree of a differential equation

Q13) Using 8-decimal digit floating point representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for exponent and
one each for signs of mantissa and exponent), represent the following numbers in normalized
floating point form :

(i) 0•000725
(ii) - 89.6532
(iii) - 98876
Q14) Briefly discuss how ZERO is represented as a floating point number for 8-decimal digit
representation mentioned above in Q. No. 13.

Q15) Let a = 476.9 x 106, b = 657.2 x 104 and c = — 5.342 x 104. Find out, whether '+' is associative for
a, b and c (i.e., you have to find whether a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c or not), using 8-decimal digit
representation mentioned in Q. No. 2(a).

Q15) Solve the following system of linear equations, using Partial Pivoting :

2x— 3y + 5z = 4

x + 5y — 4z = 2

4x+3y-7z=0

Q16) Explain the relative advantages of direct methods over iterative methods for solving a system
of linear equations.

Q17) Solve the following system of linear equations by Gaussian Elimination Method :

8x — 5y = 11

3x + 7y = 13

Q18) The population of a city in a census taken once in 10 years is given below in thousands.
Estimate the value in 1975.

Year 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Population 45 52 68 94 130

Q19) Derive operators δ and ∆ in terms of E.

Q20) Find Newton's Backward difference form of interpolating polynomial for the data :

x F(x)
6 21
8 42
10 85
12 157

4
dx
Q21) Find approximate value of I =∫ using Simpson's (1/3) rule taking h = 0-5.
2 4 +3 X
Q22) The values of y = √ X are given below for x = 1.5 (0.5) 3.5

X 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

F(X) 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
Compute the value of f’(x) at x = 1.0

Q23) Solve the following IVP using Euler’s method :

Y’= 1 -2xy, y(0.2) = 0.1948

Find y (0.4) with h = 0.1

Q24) Calculate x — y, for the following two floating-point numbers :

x = 0.8706 x 10 -3, y = 0.7604x 10 -2

Q25) Find the product of x and y given in Q24 above.

Q26) Explain what is 'overflow', with a suitable example of multiplication.

Q27) Write the following system of linear equations in matrix form :

-9x+17y=-8

12x = 23

Q28) Solve the following system of linear equations using Gauss elimination method :

— 7x + 5y = 3

2x-8y=- 12

Q29) Find an interval in which the following equation has a root :

2x 2+ 6x-7=0

Q30) Write briefly the steps of the Secant Method to find out the roots of equation.

Q31) Write the expressions which are obtained by applying each of the following operators to f(x) :

(i) V-
(ii) ∆
Q32) Write ∆ in terms of each of (i) E and (ii) δ separately.

Q33) Construct the difference table for the following data :

X 2 7 11 17 23
F(x) 17 32 49 73 143

Q33) State the following two formulae for interpolation (for equal intervals) :

(i) Stirling’s Formula

(ii) Newton's Backward Difference Formula

Q34) Explain the concepts of 'order’ and 'degree' of a differential equation, with an example.

Q35) Using either Gauss-Jacobi iterative method or Gauss elimination method with partial

pivoting, solve the following system of linear equations :

3x — 5y + 6z = 11

5x — 11z = -28

2y + 9z = 31

Q36) Discuss the merits and demerits of direct approach over iterative approach for solving a system
of linear equations.
Q37) For f(x) = 4x3 — 3x2 + 8, find ∆3 f(x) in terms of h, where h is an equally spaced interval.

Q38) Estimate the missing term in the following data using FD (Forward Difference) assuming that
the data is a valid representation of a polynomial of degree 3.

X 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80

F(x) 2.7183 ? 4.0552 4.9530 6.049

4
dx
Q38) Approximate the value of ∫ using the Trapezoidal rule, using five equal parts
3 4−3 x

of the interval [3, 4].

Q39) Using Euler’s method, tabulate the solution of the Initial Value Problem (IVP) y' = — 3ty 2, y(0) =
1 in the interval [0, 1] using h = 0.2

dy
Q40) From the data given in the table below, find y’ = at x =2.75 using Forward Difference.
dx
X 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Y=f(x) 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708

Q40) Using 8-decimal digit floating-point representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 digits for exponent,
and one each for sign of exponent and mantissa), represent the following numbers (use chopping, if
required) :

(i) – 76384
(ii) 0.00079542

Q41) Is '+' associative when a = 0.2134 x 10 5 b = 0.2354 x 103 and c = —0.2142 x 101 are three
floating-point numbers to be added, in this order ? You are required to find out whether (a + b) + c =
a + (b + c).

Q42) Explain the following two concepts with a suitable example for each :

(i) Chopping error

(ii) Rounding error

Q43) Explain the concepts of (i) chopping, (ii) rounding, each with a suitable example.

Q44) Using 8-decimal digit floating-point representation (with four digits for mantissa, two for
exponent and one each for sign of exponent and mantissa),represent the following numbers in
normalized floafing point form (use chopping, if required) :

(i) 89543
(ii) – 89.766
(iii) 0.0007345

Q45) For two floating point numbers x1= 0.7108 X 105 and x2 = 0.8701 X 104, find X1 + X2.

Q46) Find the product of the two numbers given in question no. 45 above.

Q47) Write the following system of equations in matrix form:

 — 9x — 8y = — 4

3x + 4y = — 17

Q48) Show one iteration of solving the following system of linear equations using any iterative
method. You may assume x = y = 0 as the initial estimate :

— 6x + 8y = -2

4x + 7y = — 11

Q49) Find an interval in which the following equation has a root :

X 2 +9x+ 20 = 0

Q50) Write the formula used in Secant method for finding the root of an equation.

Q51) Write the three expressions which are obtained by applying each of the following operators to
f(x), for some h:

(i) E
(ii) ∆
(iii) V

Q52) Write each of V and δ in terms of E.

Q53) State the following two formulae for interpolation :

(i) Newton's backward difference formula

(ii) Bessel's formula

Q54) Construct a difference table for the following data :

X 4 5 6 7
F(x) 13 22 33 46

Q55) From the Newton's backward difference formula asked in part k(i) above, derive the formula
for finding the derivative of a function at x = x 0.
b
Q56) State Simpson's 1/3 rule for finding the value of ∫ f ( x ) dx
a

Q57) explain each of the following concepts with a suitable example:

i) Order of a differential equation

ii) Initial Value Problem
iii) Degree of a differential equation
iv) Non-linear differential equation

Q58) For each of the three numbers of Q44, find relative error in its normalized floating point
representation.

Q59) Using Maclaurin's series expansion, find the value of (1 — x) -1, at x = 0, by taking the first three
terms and find truncation error.
Q60) Attempt to solve the following system of linear equations using the Gauss elimination method :

3X 1 + 2X2 + X3 = 3

2X 1 + X2 + x3 = 0

6X 1 + 2X2 + 4X3 = 6

Does the solution exist? If yes, how many?

Q61) Starting with x0 = 0, perform two iterations to find an approximate root of the equation

X 3 — 4x + 1 = 0, using Newton-Raphson method.

Q62) Solve the following system of linear equations using Gaussian elimination method with partial
pivoting condensation:

3x2+ 4x3= 2

4X1 — 2X2 + x3 = 18

3X1 + 4X2 + 5X3 = 11 Compute upto two decimals only.

Q63) Give the formula for next approximation of values of xv x2 and x3 using Gauss-Jacobi iterative
method for solving the following system of linear equations :

A11X1 + a12X2 + a13X3= b1

a21X1 + a22X2 + a23X3 = b2

a31X1 + a32X2 + a33X3 = b3

Q64) Discuss the relative merits and demerits of direct methods over iterative methods for solving a
given system of linear equations.

Q65) Construct a difference table for the following data and mark the forward differences by
underlying the numbers :

X 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
y 7 13 18 25 35 48 62 78

Q66) Derive the operators δ and ∆ in terms of E.

Q67) Find Newton's backward difference form of interpolating polynomial for the following data:

X 3 5 7 9 11 13
F(x) 16 36 64 100 144 196
Hence, evaluate f(12).
1
dx
Q68) Find the approximate value of I = ∫ using Simpson's 1/3 rule(three points).
0 2+3 x

Q69) The values of y = √ x are given below for x = 1.5 (0.5) 3.5.

X 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

F(x) 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
Find y' and y" at x = 1.75 using FD formula.
Q70) Solve the following IVP using Euler's method :

y' = f(t,y) = 1+y; given y(0) = 1

Find the solution on [0, 0.8] with h = 0.2.

Q71) (a) Using an 8-decimal digit floating point representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for exponent
and one each for sign of exponent and sign for mantissa), represent the following numbers in
normalised floating point form (using chopping, if required) :

(i) 87426
(ii) – 94.27
(iii) – 0.000346

Q72) For the following two floating point numbers

X1= 0.4527 X 104 and = 0.5243 X 103, find X1 — x2

Q73) Find the product of X1 and x2 given in Q72 above.

Q74) What is underflow ? Explain it with an example of multiplication in which underflow occurs.

Q75) Write the following system of linear equations in matrix form:

6x + 8y = 10

— 5x + 3y = 11

Q76) Solve the system of linear equations given in Q. No. 75 above.

Q77) Find an interval in which the following equation has a root :

4x 2 — 4x — 3 = 0

Q78) Give one example of each of (i) algebraic equation (ii) transcendental equation.

Q79.Write the expressions, which are obtained by applying each of the operators to f(x), for some h:
(i) ∆
(ii) V-
(iii) E
(iv) δ

Q80. Write ∆and δ in terms of E.

Q81.State the following two formulae for (equal interval) interpolation :

(i) Newton's Backward Difference Formula
(ii) Newton's Forward Difference Formula
Q82.Construct a difference table for the following data :

X 1 2 3 4
F(x) 2 9 28 65

Q83) From the Newton's Forward Difference Formula asked in Q. No.81(ii) above, derive the formula
for finding derivative of a function at x0.
 b
Q84) State Simpson's (1/3) rule for finding the value of the integral ∫ f ( x ) dx
a

Q85) Explain each of the following concepts with a suitable example :

(i) Initial Value Problem

(ii) Degree and order of a differential equation

Q86) Let min. and max. represent respectively minimum and maximum positive real numbers
representable by some floating point number system. Can every real number between max. and
min. be representable by such a number system ? Explain the reason for your answer.

Q87) For each of the following numbers, find the floating point representation, if possible
normalized, using chopping, if required. The format is 8-digit as is mentioned in Q. No. 71 above :

(i) 3/11
(ii) 74.0365

Further, find the absolute error, if any, in each case.

Q88) Find a + b (a divided by b) for the floating point numbers :

a = - 0.4783 x 104; b=0.5237 x 10-5

Q89) Find the Taylor's series for x-1 at a = 1.

Q90) Solve the following system of equations, using partial pivoting Gaussian elimination method
(compute upto two places of decimal only) :

4X1 — 5X2 + 6X3 = 24

3X1 — 7X2 + 2X3 = 17

5X1 + 2X2 — 4X3 = -21

Q91) What are the advantages of Direct methods over Iterative methods for solving a system of
linear equations ?

Q92) For solving the following system of linear equations

A11X1 + a12X2 + a13X3= b1

a21X1 + a22X2 + a23X3 = b2

a31X1 + a32X2 + a33X3 = b3

with a11 ≠ 0 ≠ a22 and a33 ≠ 0, by iterative Gauss-Jacobi Method, with initial approximations as X 1 = 1 =
=x2 = x3 find the values of next approximations of next approximations of X 1, X2 and x3.

Q93) Compute the difference table and mark the forward differences for x = 5.

x F(X)
1 4
2 7
3 12
4 19
5 28
For the table given above, find Newton's forward differences interpolating polynomial and find the
value f(1.7) using the polynomial.

Q94) If, in the Table of Q. No93 f(x) represents the distance covered by a particle in x units of time,
estimate the velocity and acceleration of the particle at x = 1.5.
5
2
Q95) Evaluate the integral ∫ (2 x ¿−5 x+ 2) ¿ dx using trapezoidal rule, with h = 1.0.
0

Q96) Solve the following IVP using Euler's method :

y' = f(x, y) = x + y, given y(0) = 1.

Q97) Using 8-decimal digit floating point representation (4 digits for mantissa, 2 for exponent and
one each for sign of exponent and mantissa), represent the following numbers in normalised floating
point form :

(i) 89.36
(ii) - 0.00004375
(iii) 87604

(use chopping, if required)

Q98) Find the sum of two floating numbers x1= 0.5307 x 104 and x2 = 0.4252 x 103 Find the product of
the two numbers above.
Q99) What is underflow ? Give an example of multiplication in which underflow occurs. Write the
following system of linear equations in matrix form :

5x-9y=14

2x + 5y = 11

Q100) Solve the following system of linear equations using Gauss elimination method

3x+4y=11

x+3y=7

Q101) Find an interval in which the following equation has a root :

x 2-7x+12=0

Q102) Write formula used in Newton – Raphson method for finding the roots of an equation.

Q103) Write the expressions which are obtained by applying each of the operators to f(x); for some
h:

(i) δ
(ii) E
(iii) µ

Q104) Write ∆ and δ in terms of E.

Q105) State the following two formulae for interpolation :

(i) Newton's Forward difference formula

 (ii) Stirling's formula

Q106) Construct a difference table for the following data :

X 1 2 3 4
F(x) 1 4 9 16
Q107) From the Newton's Forward difference formula asked in part 105 (i) derive formula for finding
derivative of a function f(x) at x0

Q108) Define each of the concepts with suitable example.

(i) Degree and order of a differential equation

(ii) Initial Value Problem

Q109) Explain the advantages of normalized floating point number over un-normaljzed numbers.

Q110) For each of the following numbers, find floating point representation, if possible normalized,
using chopping, if required. The format is 8-digit as is mentioned in Q. No.97 :

(i) 1/3
(ii) 987668

Find absolute error, if any, in each case.

Q111) let a = 234.5 x 103, b=4.789x 103 c=- 6.903 x 101

Q112) Find out whether ' + ' is associative or not for a, b and c ? (i.e. you have to find out whether
(a+b)+c = a+(b+c) or not ?

Q113) Solve the following system of equations, using partial pivoting :

— 3X 1 + 5X2 — x3 = 1

5X 1 — 4X2 + 2X3 = 3

X 1 + X2 — 2X3 = 0

Q114) For solving a system of linear equations :

A11X1 + a12X2 + a13X3= b1

a21X1 + a22X2 + a23X3 = b2

a31X1 + a32X2 + a33X3 = b3 by iterative Gauss-Jacobi Method, with initial approximations, X 1 =0=x2=x3,
give formulas for next approximations of X1, x2 and x3.

Q115) What are the advantages of iterative methods over direct methods for solving a system of
linear equations.

Q116) For f(x) = 7x2 — 3x + 11, find ∆3f(x).

Q117) Construct a difference table and mark the forward differences for the following data :

x 1 2 3 4 5
F(x) 7 15 20 26 35
Q117) Given f(x) = sinx, F(0.1) =0.09983 f(0.2) =0.19867; use the method of linear interpolation to
find f(0.17).

Q118) The values of y = √ x are given below for x = 1.5 (0.5) 3.5

X 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5

√x 1.2247 1.4142 1.5811 1.7320 1.8708
Find y' at x = 2.20 using FD formula.
3
dx
Q119) Find approximate value of ∫ 2
using trapezoidal rule using n = 1.
2 1+ x
Q120) We are given the Initial Value Problem (IVP) y'=1-2xy, y(0.2) =0.1948 with h=0.2, using Euler's
Method, find y(0.4). The independent variable is x.