CHAPTER 5: STRUGGLE FOR 2.

First Pampanga Revolt (1585)

RIGHTS AND FREEDOM - Cause: Abuses of Encomenderos
- Disgruntled by the way the
encomenderos administered,
1. Revolt of Lakandula and some brave Pampangueno
leaders connived with the people
Sulayman (1574) of Manila and the Borneans to
- Cause: Lavezaris’s Reversal of
rise in revolt.
Legazpi’s Policy
- According to their plan, they
- After the death of Legazpi on
would secretly enter the city of
August 20, 1572, Governor Manila one dark night and
Guido de Lavezaris no longer massacre the Spaniards.
exempted the native rulers and
- A native woman who was married
their descendants from paying
to a Spanish soldier happened to
tribute
learn it and warned the Spanish
- He ordered the confiscation of
authorities about it.
their patrimonial land
- The leaders were arrested and
properties.
executed without any fair trial.
- Because of the new policy,
Lakandula and Sulayman
decided to rise in arms.
3. The Tondo Conspiracy (1587-
- Taking advantage of Lim-Ah-
Hong’s attack in Manila in 88)
1574, the two chieftains - Cause: Regain Lost Freedom
proclaimed their revolt and - Attempting to restore freedom
gathered their warriors in and local leadership being
Navotas. enjoyed during the pre-colonial
- Juan de Salcedo and Fr. years.
Geronimo Marin were sent by - Agustin de Legazpi (nephew of
Lavezaris to persuade them not Lakandula) together with other
to carry out their plan. leaders like Martin Pangan
- They were given an assurance (gobernadorcillo of Tondo),
that all their grievances would be Magat Salamat (son of
remedied and those who took Lakandula), Juan Banal (another
arms would be pardoned. Tondo chief), Esteban Taes
- Governor Lavezaris did this (chief of Bolacan), Pedro
gesture to ask help from Balinguit (chief of Pandacan),
Filipino natives in driving away Pitonggatan (chief of Tondo),
Lim-Ah-Hong from the country. Felipe Salonga (chief of Polo),
and Geronimo Basi (brother of
Agustin de Legazpi) planned to
overthrow the Spanish rulers in
the country.
- Through a Japanese Christian, - Agustin de Legazpi and Martin
Dionisio Fernandez, Agustin de Pangan were brutally hanged.
Legazpi, and his fellow - Their heads were cut off and
conspirator contacted a placed in iron cages.
Japanese sea captain, Juan - The government seized their
Gayo, to get arms and Japanese properties. The sites of their
warriors to fight the Spaniards. homes were plowed and sown
- In exchange, he and his with salt to remain barren.
Japanese warriors would be - Dionisio Fernandez was hanged
given one-half of the tribute and his property confiscated.
collected in the Philippines - Also executed were Magat
- Aside from this, help would be Salamat, Geronimo Basi, and
secured from Borneo, Laguna, Esteban Taes.
and Batangas. - The rest were given lighter
- The conspirators with their punishments- heavy fines and
warriors would then assault the some years of exile from their
city of Manila ad start killing the town.
Spaniards. - Five of the leading members of
- Magat Salamat innocently the conspiracy were exiled to
revealed the plan to Antonio Mexico- Pedro Balinguit,
Surabao, a Cuyo native who was Pitonggatan, Felipe Salonga,
pretending to be a supporter. Calao, and Agustin Manuguit.
- Surabao later recounted this to
his master, Pedro Sarmiento (the
Spanish encomendero of 4. Magalat’s Revolt, Cagayan
Calamianes).
(1596)
- Immediately, Captain Sarmiento
- Cause: Tribute
rushed to Manila and informed
- During the rule of Governor
Governor General Santiago de
Francisco Tello, two brothers
Vera on Oct. 26, 1588, the
instigated the people of Cagayan
existence of a conspiracy against
to rise in arms against the
the Spanish government
colonial government because of
- Eventually, the governor ordered
the latter’s arbitrary levy
the arrest of all persons
collection.
implicated in the revolutionary
- One of the brothers was called
plot, including Dionisio
Magalat
Fernandez, a Japanese
interpreter. - The uprising was suppressed by
- All these suspects were the authorities
investigated and tried in court - He and his men were kept in
- They were given harsh penalties Manila as exiles.
- The Dominican missionaries of
Cagayan persuaded Governor
 Tello to pardon them, after 6. Revolt of the Irrayas, Northern
knowing the plight of the two
brothers.
Isabela in the Cagayan Valley
- The favor was subsequently (1621)
granted - Cause: Oppression of Spanish
- After Magalat was released, he Officials
went back to Cagayan and - Fray Pedro de Santo Tomas, a
incited the people to continue the Dominican missionary, tried to
fight. convince the rebels to avoid an
- Many Spaniards and loyal natives uprising against the abusive
were killed by the rebels. Spanish officials
- Governor Tello sent Captain - The rebels led by Gabriel Dayag
Pedro de Chavez to quell the and Felix Cutabay refused to
revolt. heed the priest’s words of peace.
- Magalat, however, remained - However, they treated Fr. Santo
undefeated in open battle. Tomas and his missionary
- Later, the Spaniards decided to companions with respect.
hire native assassins. - They allowed the friars to leave
- Magalat was murdered in his own unmolested, with all their
house. ornaments and Jewels of the
churches.
- After the missionaries had left,
5. Revolt of the Igorots (1601) the Irrayas began their fight by
- Cause: Refusal to Accept New killing the oppressive
Religion encomenderos and burning their
- The Spaniards were determined houses
to convert the Igorots to - After this bloody incident, the
Christianity rebels went up to the Basili River
- They launched a crusade to and built their fortification on a
proselytize the highland natives rocky hill
of Luzon and to place them under - Fr. Santo Tomas returned and
Spanish authorities. exhorted the leaders to lay down
- A strong expedition was sent to their arms and promised them
the Igorot land to stop the natives that the government would
from resisting colonial pardon them and remedy their
subjugation. grievances.
- However, the Spaniards were - The revolt ended without a fight
only able to gain nominal political
and military control over them
7. The Revolt of Tamblot, Bohol
(1621-22)
- Cause: Return to Native Religion
 - In 1621, Tamblot, a babaylan Bankaw- one of the 1st local
(native priest), reported the leaders who received Miguel
appearance of a diwata who Lopez de Legazpi in 1565
promised the people a life of - Bankaw had been previously
abundance, without the burden of converted to Christianity and
paying tribute to the government became loyal to Spain.
or dues to the church. - But in his old age, Bankaw
- He persuaded the natives to together with his sons and a
abandon the Catholic religion and native priest named Pagali, led
rise against the Spaniards the people of Carigara, Leyte to
- Around 2,000 Boholanos rise in arms in defense of their
responded to Tamblot’s call old religion.
- They began the uprising at the - Soon they had the whole island
time when most of the Jesuit into armed resistance.
fathers, the spiritual - Fr. Melchor de Vera, a Jesuit,
administrators of the island, were went to Cebu and warned the
in Cebu celebrating the feast of Spanish authorities of the
the beautification of St. Francis uprising.
Xavier. - Alcalde Mayor Alcarazo sent a
- They burned the villages being fleet of 40 vessels, manned by
supervised by the Jesuits, as well hundreds of Cebuanos and some
as their churches Spanish arquebusiers to Leyte.
- They threw away all rosaries and - The rebels were offered peace
crosses they could find but they turned it down.
- News of the revolt reached Cebu. - The Spanish- Filipino forces
- Don Juan de Alcarazo, the pursued them in the hills and
alcalde mayor, sent immediately defeated them.
an expedition to Bohol, consisting - Bankaw, together with his son
of 50 spaniards and more than and Pagali perished in the battle.
1,000 natives from Cebu and - Soon his second son was
Pampanga. beheaded as a traitor
- In the midst of a heavy - His daughter was taken as
downpour, Tamblot and his captive
followers were crushed. - Bankaw’s head was placed on a
stake as a public warning, to
8. Bankaw’s Revolt, Leyte generate fear among the natives
(1622)
- Cause: Return to Native Religion
- Leader: 9. The Revolt of Ladia (1643)
Limasawa- aged chieftain - Cause: Spanish Oppression
- Pedro Ladia, a native of Borneo,
who claimed to be a descendant
 of Rajah Matanda, instigated the - Governor Diego Fajardo offered
people of Malolos, Bulacan to amnesty to the rebels to end the
rise in arms against the Spanish Northern Mindanao unrest
government. - However, the rebels who
- He was able to recruit a number surrendered were either hanged
of followers but before he could or enslaved or taken to Manila,
carry out his plan, Fr. Cristobal where they were sold to Spanish
Enriquez had already entreated household.
the people to remain loyal to
Spain
- Ladia was later on arrested and
sent to Manila to be executed.
11. Sumuroy’s Revolt, Samar
(1649-50)
- Cause: Forced Labor
10. The Revolt of Dabao (1650s) - Under Juan Sumuroy’s leadership, the
- Cause: Controversial Decree to people of Palapag, Samar rose in arms
Send Carpenters to the Cavite against the government.
Shipyard They resented Governor Diego
- To move freely among fellow Fajardo’s order, which involved the
Christians, Dabao, a Manobo sending of men to Cavite Shipyards.
chieftain in Northern Mindanao
allowed himself to be baptized to Hostilities began on June 1, 1649, with
the Catholic faith the killing of the curate of the town
- He convinced some new converts - The re volt spread to Albay and
to join him in his plan to kill the Camarines, Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin,
religious and all the Spanish and as far as Northern Mindanao
soldiers in the fort
- Dabao’s opportunity to carry out - Sumuroy won several victories over
his plot came as natives who the Spanish-Filipino forces.
stole a quantity of maize and rice - At one time, the Spanish commander
were being hunted down. offered a large sum of money in
- He offered himself to catch them exchange of Sumuroy’s head.
- He took his men to act as
prisoners. - The rebels sent him the head of a pig
- Just when the men were going to instead
be set in the stocks for their - In July 1650, under cover of darkness
punishment, Dabao attacked the and rainfall, the government forces
captain and the supposed staged an assault on the natives’ fort
prisoners joined him by taking out
their concealed weapons - The rebels were caught by surprise
- All Spaniards in the garrison were - Sumuroy’s mother perished in the
killed battle
- The revolt ended with individual due to unpaid rice purchases from the
surrenders bandala system
- The rebels themselves killed Sumuroy - The Spaniards tried to end the
and brought his head tp the Spanish rebellion immediately because they
commander knew that the Pampanguenyos had
been trained in military art
- Governor Manrique de Lara began his
12. Maniago’s Revolt, Pampanga maneuver with a show of force, by
(1660) bringing with him 300 men in Macabebe
- Causes: Frequent recruitment of Men - Seeing the well-armed Spaniards, the
to cut timber in the Mountains and Pampanguenyos showed cordiality
Bandala
- This caused other rebels to waver and
- Pampanga’s rice production suffered distrust one another
exceedingly from the disruptive effects
- Governor Lara called for Juan
of polo.
Macapagal, chief of Arayat, to a
- One thousand Pampanguenyos had discussion
been working for eight months as timber
- De Lara treated him well and assured
cutters
him rewards if he would side with the
- To show their sentiments against the government
government, the workers mutinied and
- Macapagal consequently accepted the
set their campsite on fire
offer
- They chose Don Francisco Maniago, a
-He went back to Arayat and organized
chief from the Village of Mexico to be
a force to repress the rebels
their leader.
- His defection discouraged other chiefs
- The armed rebels gathered in Lubao
under Maniago and another group made Parish priests as well as mercenary
preparations in Bacolor. soldiers were also employedto
demoralize the rebels
- They closed the mouths of rivers with
stakes - The governor general moreover,
proposed a partial payment of 14,000
- Letters to other chiefs in Pangasinan,
pesos on the total amount of 200,000
Ilocos, Cagayan were sent, asking them
pesos that the government owed to the
to join the uprising against the
Pampanguenyos
Spaniards and later elect a king of their
own - The Spaniards concluded an
agreement with Maniago, which brought
- By the time the province of Pampanga
about peace in Pampanga
revolted, the government owed the local
inhabitants more than 200,000 pesos
- For fear that the Pangasinenses would - To extend his sovereignty, Malong
strike back, the Pampanguenyos sent 6,000 men to Pampanga and 3,000
themselves demanded two Spanish men to Ilocos and Cagayan, leaving
garrisons in the province, one in Lubao 2,000 men with him in Pangasinan.
and another in Arayat. From then on,
- But this depleted his forces
they never revolted against the Colonial
government. - The government troops led by Don
Felipe de Ugalde and Don Francisco
Esteban outmaneuvered his army in
Pangasinan
13. Andres Malong’s Revolt,
Pangasinan (1660-61) - He was pursued into the mountains
- Causes: Spanish Oppression and the and was caught alive
desire to replace the Spaniards as - He was executed together with Vera,
personal rulers of the people Pacadua, and Macasiag in 1661 in
- spurred by the Pampanguenyo Banalatongan.
rebellion, the natives of Pangasinan also
rose in arms against the Spanish
government in Lingayen on December 14. The Revolt of Gumapos
16, 1660.
(1661)
- Several Spaniards were killed, - Cause: Continue Andres Malong’s
including an alcalde mayor Revolt
- Inspired by the growing number of their - Pedro Gumapos and his army of
followers and their early successes, Zambals killed many Spaniards in Ilocos
Malong proclaimed himself a King and
directed his military leaders to place the - The Ilocanos did not join them; for their
province under rebel control with his loyalty was to their property
defenses at the capital town of - During the Zambal invasion, they hid
Bonalatongan. their valuables in the Bishop’s house
- He appointed Pedro Gumapos as and buried other properties
count, Francisco Pacadua as judge, and - The bishop assembled the Zambals
Jacinto Macasiag, and Melchor de Vera and threatened them with
as army generals. excommunication the moment they get
- Letters were sent to the people of anything from the churches or from his
Ilocos, Zambales, Pampanga, and house
Cagayan, inviting them to rise against - But the bishop’s words fell on deaf
the Spaniards ears
- The Pampanguenyos under Maniago - Gumapos’s campaign ended after an
did not join because they had already encounter with the Spanish forces
made their peace with the Spaniards
- Four hundred rebels were slain and - Their corpses were impaled on stakes
Gumapos himself was taken prisoner
and was later hanged in Vigan
17. Dagohoy’s Revolt, Bohol
(1744-1829)
15. The Revolt of Almazan - Cause: Refusal to give his brother a
(1660s) christian burial
- Cause: Personal ambitions
- Father Gaspar Morales denied
- The flames of rebellion soon spread in Francisco Dagohoy’s brother a Christian
Ilocos with Pedro Almazan as the burial because the latter died in a duel
defiant leader.
- Dagohoy argued that his brother’s
Almazan, a rich chief of San Nicolas, burial was the responsibility of the Jesuit
crowned himself King of Ilocos during priest because he had died carrying out
the wedding ceremony of his son to the the missionary’s order, to arrest an
daughter of another chief apostate.
- He wore the crown of the Queen of - The priest refused to bury Dagohoy’s
Angels taken from the church, which the brother unless the proper limosnas, or
rebels sacked church offering were given.
- The rebels were gaining some - The body was left decomposing for
headway at the start but the Spaniards three days.
eventually suppressed them
- Humiliated by this tragic incident,
Dagohoy got mad and incited the
natives of Bohol to revolt.
16. Tapar’s Revolt, Panay (1663) - He took around 3,000 men and women
- Cause: Found a new religion under to the uplands of Talibon and Inabangan
native supervision
- He set up a self-sustaining community
- The prevalent misdemeanor of far from the Spanish authorities
Spanish friars alienated countless
natives from the Catholic faith - Dagohoy’s community grew in number
as more people fled to the hills to avoid
- Tapar, a native of Panay, wanted to being recruited by the government to
establish a religious cult in Oton join its expeditions in Northern
- He attracted many followers with his Mindanao as well as to avoid the harsh
stories about his frequent conversations impositions of the government.
with a demon - Dagohoy and his men raided the Jesuit
- Tapar and his men were killed in a estate of San Javier
bloody fight against the Spaniards,
along with native volunteer soldiers
- They they killed the Italian Jesuit 18. Silang’s Revolt (1762-63)
curate in Jagna, Father Guiseppe - Causes: His imprisonment, abusive
Lamberti in 1744 government officials, heavy taxation
- Because of the killing, the Spanish - The Ilocanos had already been
authorities tortured and killed Dagohoy’s complaining about the anomalous
future father-in-law and the porter of the collection of tribute and the abuses
church of the slain priest alcaldes mayores in the exercise of
- The death of the innocent porter drove indulto de comercio (the right to
more people to join Dagohoy’s group participate in trade)

- Shortly afterwards, Father Morales - Diego Silang appealed to Don Antonio

was killed in cold blood Zabala, the provincial governor of Ilocos
to consider the demans of the natives
- Bishop Miguel Lino de Espeleta of
Cebu tried to pacify the rebels through - Regarding him an agitator, Zabala had
negotiations Silang incarcerated

- The plan to send secular priests to - Silang’s followers and friends

Bohol was not carried out successfully worked for his release

- A 20-year deadlock set in. - Taking advantage of the Spanish

preoccupation with the British in Manila,
- The community continued to subsist Silang led to the revolt of the Ilocanos
without outward sign of rebellion and made Vigan the capital of his
- Twenty Spanish governors from independent government
Gaspar de la Torre (1739-45) to Juan - His defiance of the Spaniards lost him
Antonio Martinez (1822-25) tried to stop support of many principals (members of
the rebellion but failed the principalia- The principalía or noble
class[1](p331) was the ruling and usually educated
- In the 1740s and the 1750s, the
upper class in the pueblos of the Spanish
Spanish government was preoccupied
Philippines)
with the Muslim raids
- He ordered that those principals who
- In 1829, the rebellion finally ended
were opposing him be arrested and
when Governor Mariano Ricafort
brought to him
pardoned 19,420 survivors and
permitted them to live in the new - Should they resist, they were to be
villages slain
- Nothing has been heard on how - He also imposed a fine of 100 pesos
Dagohoy died. on each priest but lowered it to 80 pesos
on their petition
- His autonomous community lasted for
85 years. - Property of the church was also taken
- Bishop Bernardo Ustariz of Vigan - Another battle was fought at Cabugao,
issued an interdict against Silang and but this time the rebels were beaten.
his followers
- Cariño perished in action
- He exhorted the Ilocanos to withdraw
- Gabriela and her warriors fled to Abra
support for the rebels’ cause
and organized a new army of Ilocanos
- In retaliation, Silang imprisoned all of and Tingguians
the latter’s followers
- With her newly reorganized battalion,
- Finally, Spanish Governor Simon de Gabriela marched towards Vigan
Anda sent Silang an ultimatum.
- She rode on a fast horse and led her
(ultimatum-a final demand or statement
troops into the combat.
of terms, the rejection of which will result
in retaliation or a breakdown in - The loyal archers of the Spanish
relations.) government repulsed her attack.
- Fearing that Anda was planning to - Once more, she went back to the
march to Ilocos, Silang decided to seek mountains of Abra with her followers
the protection of the British.
- Don Manuel de Arza, lieutenant
- Shortly thereafter, he accepted the governor of Northern Luzon and his
British offer of friendship to fight against Cagayan warriors followed her trail
the Spaniards
- With the aid of Apayaos and Kalingas,
- However, Silang’s leadership ended they captured her and her surviving
with an assassin’s bullet followers.
- Miguel Vicos, a Spanish mestizo who - On September 20, 1763, Gabriela and
wished to take revenge on Silang and her companions were executed in
Pedro Becbec, a trusted aide of Silang Vigan, Ilocos Sur.
conspired to kill the rebel leader in
exchange of a large monetary reward
- Vicos shot Silang in the latter’s house 19. Palaris’s Revolt (1762-65)
- Gabriela Silang, Diego’s wife, - Causes: Tribute, Spain’s Loss of
continued the fight Prestige due to the British Occupation of
Manila
- Nicolas Carinyo, Silang’s uncle,
temporarily took command of the forces. - Simultaneous with the Silang revolt
was an uprising in Pangasinan.
- He and Gabriela attacked the town of
Santa in Ilocos Sur and won over the - The local inhabitants wanted the
government forces abolition of the tribute and the removal
of Joaquin Gamboa, alcalde mayor of
- After the battle, Grabriela went to the the province for irregularities in tax
forests of Abra and recruited the collection
Tingguians (Itnegs)
- The rebellion began on Novermber 3, - The Spanish alcalde mayor, who was
1762 at the town of Binalatongan under residing in Vigan, sent a force of 36
the leadership of Juan de la Cruz soldiers and two columns of civilian
Palaris. guards with a cannon to attack Badoc.
- From Binalatongan, the spirit of - However, on September 28, 1807, the
insurrection spread to other towns of the alcalde mayor together with a strong
province force of regular troops attacked them at
San Ildefonso and quelled at the revolt.
- Palaris urged the people to fight since
the Spaniards were very weak because
of their defeat at the hands of the British
in Manila 21. Revolt in Defense of the
- For over a year, he succeeded in Spanish Constitution (1815)
driving the Spaniards and friars out of - Cause: Abolition of the LiBERAL
the rebel towns Spanish Constitution
- The Dominican friars tried to pacify the - The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was
rebels, but failed very much influenced by the ideals of
the French Revolution – Liberty,
- In March 1764, Don Mariano de Arza Equality, and Fraternity
together with 3,000 loyal Ilocano
soldiers suppressed the Revolt of - This democratic constitution granted
Palaris in Pangasinan human rights to both Spaniards and
Filipinos
- Palaris was publicly hanged
- It was promulgated by the Spanish
Cortes (Parliament) and approved and
signed by 184 delegates of Spain and
20. Basi Revolt (1807) her colonies (including the Philippines).
- Cause: Wine Monopoly of 1786
- One of its signatories was Ventura de
- Due to the wine monopoly of the los Reyes, a Filipino.
government, the Ilocanos were
prohibited to drink homemade basi - Upon knowing that this constitution
(wine fermented from sugarcane) was abolished on May 4, 1814 by the
despotic ruler King Ferdinand VII, an
- They were compelled to buy wine from explosion of violence in the country
government stores against the principals took place
- On September 16, 1807, the Ilocanos - The masses suspected that the
of Piddig, Ilocos Norte, rose in arms in principals were behind this, since they
defense of their favorite wine, basi. had been presumed aiding the Spanish
- The rebellion spread to the authorities to perpetuate in power
neighboring towns, Badoc and Santo - On March 3, 1815, more than 1,500
Domingo Ilocanos of Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, under
the leadership of Simon Tomas rose in which was dominated by the
arms in defense of the Spanish peninsulares.
Constitution of 1812
- The plot was to be carried out on April
- The Ilocanos plundered the houses of 17, 1822 at dawn
rich Spanish and pro-Spanish natives
- A few days before April 17, the plan of
- They also looted the churches and the Bayot conspiracy was discovered
killed some friars and officials
- Governor Mariano de Folgueras
- The Spanish government rushed alerted the Queen’s Regiment and
infantry and cavalry forces to the surrounded the barracks of suspected
rebellious towns in the Ilocandia rebels with loyal troops and 15 cannons
- The revolt ended on March 6, with the - The Bayot brothers were imprisoned
surviving leaders of the rebellion after a trial
severely punished.

23. Religious Revolt of Hermano

22. Revolt of the Bayot Brothers Pule
(1822) - Cause: Religious Freedom
- Cause: Feeling of distrust between the
- In 1839, Apolinario de la Cruz went to
Peminsulares and the Creoles
Manila to pursue priestly vocation under
- The Insulares in the Philippines, as the Dominican order
well as the creoles in other colonies of
- He was not accepted on the ground
Spain resented the extra privileges
that he was an indio (native).
given to the peminsulares.
- At the time, all religious orders were
- The feeling of distrust and antagonism
closed to indios
between peminsulares and the creoles
became intense in the early decades of - In June 1840, Apolinario, better known
the 19th century as Hermano Pule returned to Lucban,
Tayabas Province (now Quezon
- Inspired by the achievements of the
Province), and founded the Confradia
creole liberators in Latin America from
de San Jose (Confraternity of St.
1808 to 1826 and influenced by the
Joseph), a nationalist fellowship, which
ideals of the French Revolution (1789-
fostered the practice of Christian virtues
1799), the three Bayot brothers-
Manuel, Jose, and Joaquin- sons of - Hermano Pule sought the recognition
Colonel Francisco Bayot, a prominent of his religious brotherhood
creole of Manila, conspired with other
creole officers of the Battalion Real - However, Governor General Marcelino
Principe, to overthrow the government, Oraa and Archbishop Jose Segui upon
the recommendation of the Spanish
friars, banned his confraternity
- Undaunted by the intolerance of the
government authorities, he carried on
his religious movement at Barrio
Isabang of Mount Banahaw, then later
moved his camp at Alitao, at the foot of
Mount Cristobal
- His brotherhood attracted thousands of
followers in Tayabas, Laguna, and
Batangas
- On Novermber 1, 1841, Lt. Col.
Joaquin Huet, a veteran Spanish
combat commander, launched a
massive assault at Alitao, killing
hundreds of defensless old men,
women, and children.
- Hermano Pule was captured the
following evening at Barrio Ibanga and
was executed on November 4, 1841
- The Spanish soldiers paraded his
chopped body from Tayabas nearby
Lucban, his birthplace

- Enraged by the merciless killing in

Alitao, the non-commissioned officers
and soldiers of the Tayabas Regiment
secretly planned to rise in arms under
the leadership of Sergeant Irineo
Samaniego
- After a few hours of fighting at Fort
Santiago, Samaniego and his men were
routed, captured and shot to death at
Bagumbayan at sundown of January 21,
1843