HANDBOOK ON FIRE SAFETY

AND
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS

NATIONAL FIRE SERVICE DAY

 VISION

To raise the level of Prevention and Preparedness so as to

minimize loss of life and property from fire and non-
fire emergencies and to inculcate safety consciousness among
the public.

MISSION

Develop Fire and Emergency Service as a Service Provider for

reaching help to the people in distress, for all hazard purpose for
community safety and to enrich the members of the profession
through training and education for preventing and mitigating the
fire loss to facilitate improved public safety.
 CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE

Marking & Materials Suitable Portable

Classification Appliances

Class „A‟ Fires involving ordinary combustible Fire appliances

materials (such as Wood, Cloth, Rubber expelling water,
and many plastics) requiring the heat (Water Gas type fire
absorbing (cooling) effects of water, extinguisher or water
water solution, or the coating effects of stored pressure type.)
certain dry chemicals which retard
combustion.

Class „B‟ Fires involving flammable or Fire extinguisher

combustible liquids, flammable gases, discharging Foam,
greases and similar materials where Carbon dioxide or Dry
extinguishment is most readily secured Chemical Powder.
by excluding air (oxygen), inhibiting
the release of combustible vapours or
interrupting the combustion chain
reaction.

Class „C‟ Fires involving gaseous substances Fire Extinguisher

under pressure where it is necessary discharging Dry
to dilute the burning gas at a very fast Chemical Powder or
rate with an inert gas or powder. Carbon Dioxide /
Halogenated
Extinguisher.

Class „D‟ Fires involving certain combustible Fire Extinguisher

metals (such as Magnesium, Titanium, discharging special
Zirconium, Sodium, Potassium etc.) Dry Chemical
requiring a heat absorbing Powder.
extinguishing medium not reactive with
burning metals.
 HOW TO USE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Pull out safety

device of fire
extinguisher

Pull the pin or safety clip. This will allow you to

discharge the extinguisher.

Aim nozzle at
base of fire

Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the flames

(which is frequently the temptation), the extinguishing
agent will fly right through and do no good. You need to
hit the fuel.

Squeeze top lever

of fire
extinguisher

Squeeze/open the top handle or lever. This

depresses a button that releases the pressurized
extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.

Direct discharge
at fire using
sweeping motion

Sweep from side to side until the fire is completely

out. Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance
away, then move forward. Once the fire is out, keep an
eye on the area in case it reignites.
 FIRE SAFETY

Fires can cause major disaster and loss of lives in

buildings such as Offices, Hotels, Shopping Centres,
Hospitals, Schools and Homes. Such disaster can be
avoided if proper fire safety practice are observed.

The best prevention is to eliminate fire hazards.

Therefore as a responsible citizen, you need to know what

fire hazards are and what you should do to remove them
from your home or work place.

If you discover a fire hazard you may report to Fire

Control Room or Call Toll Free Line 101.

Remember : Readiness is your only Protection

 TIPS FOR HOME

Don‟t leave
cooking When Preparing Food
unattended Do not leave any cooking unattended. Turn off all
cooking appliances and unplug them when not in
use.
Dress appropriately when cooking Avoid clothes
with long loose sleeves when working near heat
sources.

Don‟t overload When using Electrical Appliance

plug points Do not overload electrical outlets
Check the condition of the wiring (electrical
appliances and decorative lights etc.) Frayed or
cracked cords should be repaired by licensed
technicians.

Put out burning Housekeeping

embers Do not throw smouldering charcoal embers into
rubbish chutes without extinguishing them first.
Keep the stove top clean and clear at all times.
Never store combustibles near heat sources.
Do not leave unused items outside homes. These
should be disposed of, otherwise, they may pose a
fire hazard.

Keep fire Prevent Children from Starting Fires

hazards away
Always keep matches, lighters and candles out of
from children
young children’s reach and do not allow them to
play with these items. Instead, educate them on the
dangers and hazards of fire.
Children playing with sparklers must be supervised
by parents/adults.

Fire protection Smoke Detectors and Fire Extinguishers

for homes Having smoke detectors and fire extinguishers at
home could save lives.
The portable battery-operated detector emits a very
loud, piercing alarm when smoke is detected and is
useful because it gives early warning of any fire.
BASIC PRECAUTIONS FOR
USE OF LPG AT HOME

Retain safety cap with nylon thread

attached to cylinder. Fix the cap on the
valve to stop leak, if any. Fix safety cap on
the valve, when cylinder is not connected.

Check Rubber tubes regularly for cracks, if

any. Change rubber tube at least once in
two years.

Strike the match first….. Then open the

burner knob of your stove.

Always use cotton apron while cooking. Do

not Place cylinder inside a closed
compartment.

Keep c cylinder in upright position

Always keep the gas stove on a plat form

above the cylinder level.

Self repair is unsafe. Call distributor’s

mechanic.
 TIPS FOR PUBLIC PREMISES

Avoid exceeding
the permissible
occupant load
As owners, operators and managements of
supermarkets, shopping centres and public
entertainment premises, you should avoid
exceeding the permissible occupant load of
your building. Regulate the crowd and
sensitize them to the risk of overcrowding.

Don‟t remove any

fire fighting
equipment
Avoid removing any vital fire fighting
equipment like hose reels and fire
extinguishers from where they are installed.

Maintain fire safety

equipment
regularly
Service the fire extinguishers and test the
voice communication (PA system), fire alarm
and other fire safety systems on a regular
basis.

Don‟t obstruct exit

routes at all times
Avoid stacking goods along common
corridors, escape passageways or staircases.

Do not lock up the exit doors when the

premises are occupied/being used.
 WHAT TO DO IF A FIRE BREAKS OUT

Evacuate premises

Get everyone out

Contain fire
Close the door to contain the fire.

Turn gas mains off

and call for help
Turn off the gas mains if you can reach it, Call
101.

Fight fire without

endangering self Fight the fire if you can, but ONLY do so without
endangering yourself or others.

Escaping
If you have to escape through smoke, keep low
through Smoke by crawling on your hands and knees.

In a fire, smoke will naturally rise leaving some

fresh air about 30 cm to 60 cm off the floor.
Crawling keeps your head in this safety zone, a
way from the smoke’s toxic content.
 IF YOU ARE TRAPPED IN A FIRE

Move to a safe
room
Enter a safe room, preferably one that overlooks
a road.

Seal door
opening Shut the door behind you. Cover the gap at the
bottom of the door with a blanket or rug to
prevent smoke from entering the room

Shout for help

Shout for help from the window or other openings
to alert passers by. Then wait for rescue to
arrive.

Call 101 and give

location & fire details

If you have a handphone, call 101 and inform the

operator of your location (room
number/position), floor level, what is on fire and
how many persons are trapped

Don‟t panic, help

is on the way
Do not attempt to jump out of the building. Help
will be on the way very soon.
 IF YOU'R CLOTHING CATCHES FIRE

In the event that your clothing catches fire, remember to Stop,

Drop and Roll.

Stop

• Stop. Do not panic and run.

Drop
• Whether indoors or outdoors, drop down
immediately, covering your face with your hands.

Roll
• Roll over and over to put out the flames.

• Rolling smothers the flames by removing the

oxygen.

• Covering your face with your hands will prevent the

flames from burning your face and help keep fumes
and smoke from reaching your lungs and eyes.
 FIRE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
AGAINST ELECTRICITY

About 60% fires are of electric origin on account of electric short

circuit, overheating, overloading, use of non-standard
appliances, illegal tapping of electrical wires, improper electrical
wiring, lack of proper earthing, carelessness and ignorance etc.
It can lead to serious fire and fatal accidents, if proper
instructions are not followed. Such incidents may be minimized
to a great extent if adequate fire precautions are observed.
Electrical fires spread rapidly especially in buildings and cause
loss of life and property. It is, therefore, necessary to act fast.
Raise an alarm for help. Switch off power supply to de-energize
the equipment. Use dry sand, CO2, dry powder or insert gas
(extinguishers).

Do‟s

Use I.S.I. Certified appliances. The little extra cost can save your
life.
Use good quality fuses of correct rating, miniature circuit breakers
and earth leakage circuit breakers.
Use one socket for one appliance.
Switch off the electric supply of the fire affected areas.
Fuses and Switches should be mounted on metallic cubicles for
greater safety against fire.
Replace broken plugs and switches.
Keep the electrical wires away from hot and wet surfaces.
Switch off appliance after use and remove the plug from the socket.
Switch off the ‘Main’ switch when leaving home for a long duration.

Don‟ts

Don’t use substandard fixtures, appliances.

Never have temporary or naked joints on wiring.
Don’t lay wires under carpets, mats or doorways. They get crushed,
resulting in short circuiting.
Don’t allow appliance cords to dangle.
Don’t place bare wire end in a socket.
 EVACUATION DRILL GUIDELINES
FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING

In case of fire in a high-rise building safe evacuation of its

occupants may present serious problems unless a plan for
orderly and systematic evacuation is prepared in advance and all
occupants are well drilled in the operation of such plan. The Fire
Exit Drills are absolutely necessary in all public Institutions
Hotels, Boarding Houses, Hospitals, Factories and especially in
Schools and Colleges. Properly conducted they not only secure
the orderly and rapid evacuation of the building but teach self-
control as well.

Fire Drills shall be conducted, in accordance with the fire safety

plan, at least once every three months for initial two years.
Thereafter fire drills shall be conducted once every six months.
For School buildings fire drills should be held once per term,
preferably at the commencement of each term or school year.

All occupants of the building shall participate in the fire drill. A

written record of such drills shall be kept on the premises for
three years period and shall be readily available for fire brigade
inspection. In case you need assistance or guidance call
Fire Prevention Cell through 101 .
 FIRE SAFETY FOR DISABLED PEOPLE

WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE

If possible, close the door of the room, where the fire is Close al l
the doors behind you as you leave. This will help delay the spread
of fire and smoke.
Before opening a closed door use the back of you hand to touch it.
Don’t open, if you feel hot-the fire will be on the other side.
Get everyone out, as quickly as possible. Don’t try to pick up
valuables. Make your way out, as safely as you can and try not to
panic. It will help you to plan your escape route now rather than
waiting until the fire reaches you.
Contact the fire brig ad e. Clearly state the address of the place o n
fire.
Never go back into the house until a fire officer has told you it is
safe to do so.

IF YOU ARE CUT OFF BY FIRE

Try to remain calm.

If you are unable to use the door because of flames or smoke,
close the door and use towel or bed sheet to block any gaps. This
will help stop smoke spreading into the room.
Try to make your way to the window. If the room becomes smoky,
crawl along the floor where it is easier to breathe.
Open the window and try to attract the attention of others who can
alert the fire brigade Help will arrive in a matter of minutes.

HOW TO PREVENT FIRES

Unplug all electrical appliances not designed to stay on.

Make sure no cigarettes are still burning.
Before emptying ashtrays make sure that the contents are cold.
Put a guard around open fires.
Switch off portable room heaters.
Close the doors of unoccupied rooms.
 FIREWORKS SAFETY

Traditionally Fireworks form an integral part of celebrating Diwali,

marriage ceremony and other such happy occasions. But in
many cases, happy occasions become gloomy and laughter
turns to tears due to indiscriminate use of fireworks without
taking safety precautions. Some carefulness and some safety
cautiousness could help in saving such odd events to make the
celebration more bright and purposeful. Some safety precautions
while using Fireworks/Crackers shall be as under :-

Do‟s

Carefully read the fire safety instructions and precautions written on

fireworks.
Always keep a bucket of water and sand ready while igniting fireworks.
Always immerse the used/exhausted fireworks like sparklers, Rockets into a
bucket of water or dry loose sand.
Close the windows and openings of your house properly to prevent ingress
of lighted flying crackers.
Elders supervision is a must when children play with firecrackers.
It is safe to play firecrackers in open grounds and open places
Rockets, Flowerpots and other flying crackers should not be displayed near
thatched house and hay stacks.
Wear tight cotton clothes while playing firecrackers.
If you receive burn injuries accidentally, pour cold water until pain subsides
and consult a doctor.

Dont‟s

Never allow children to light fire works in absence of elders.

Don’t re-light fireworks that fail to ignite.
Don’t light fireworks very close to the buildings.
Don’t leave lighted oil lamps, agarbattis or candles on the floor or near
fireworks.
Don’t allow fire works display inside the house.
Don’t hold flowerpots, hand bombs etc. in hand during display.
Don’t allow children near dangerous and high sounding firecrackers.
Don’t display fireworks near crackers shop.
Don’t throw lighted fire crackers indiscriminately into open.
 FIRE SAFETY IN HOTELS

Fire safety in hotels can be achieved by considering the following

aspects.

MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY : This includes issue of

written statement of its Policy regarding fire safety to its
employees, training staff in handling & operation of First aid
fire fighting equipments, assigning responsibilities to its
specific persons, planning evacuation drills & practice.

CONTAINMENT OF SMOKE : This can be achieved by Fire

resistant construction & compartmentation.

PROVISION OF SAFETY ESCAPE ROUTES : By providing

continuous & unobstructed way to exit from any point in the
hotel to public way or open area or Assembly point.

EMERGENCY POWER SUPPLY & LIGHTING : Stand by

power supply arrangements shall be made to illuminate
corridors, staircases, basement, exit signage, operating of
fire lifts, fire pump etc.

FIRE SAFETY/FIGHTING EQUIPMENTS : Adequate

number of fire detection & suppression equipments shall be
provided in the buildings irrespective of height Viz: Internal
Hydrant system, Automatic detection cum Alarm system,
portable fire extinguisher etc.
 IMPORTANCE OF FIRE SAFETY
TRAINING IN INDUSTRIES

Fire safety start with Fire Prevention and for that it is important to
have certain basic knowledge of combustion, Fire hazard
properties & potentially dangerous processes in area of work. An
employee who is present on the spot is the most important Fire
Fighter who can prevent & extinguish the fire in the earliest stage
thereby minimizing the loss of life and property. But to do so he
must have the knowledge and training

IMPORTANT FACTORS OF FIRE FIGHTING TRAINING :

Build up the right attitude amongst the employees.

Basic and clear information of the phenomenon of Fire

combustion which is useful in tackling Fire surely and
safely.

Information of Fire risks in respective industry / work area.

Information on the correct Fire Fighting Techniques.

Information of First Aid and Rescue Techniques.

Knowledge of the Emergency Plan of the industry which

should be known and simulated. Fire Drill should also be
planned during training.

Analysis of case histories of relevant Fire accidents which

helps in correlating the importance of fire safety.

The only way to keep the increasing risk of fire under control is to
have knowledgeable & safe workers with the right attitude.
INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIRE SAFETY IN RESPECT OF
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES / PANDALS

The height of the ceiling of the pandal should not be less

than 3 meters.

No synthetic materials or synthetic ropes should be used

in such structures.

Margins of at least 3 meters should be kept on all sides-

way from any pre-existing walls or buildings, line.

No structure should be erected underneath any live

electrical line.

Structure should be erected reasonably away from railway

lines, electric sub-stations, furnaces or other hazardous
places.

Exits on all sides of pandals shall be kept sufficiently wide

(minimum 1.5 meters).

First-aid fire extinguishers and water buckets must be

installed at strategic points inside and outside of the
pandal.

There should be provision of an emergency standby light.

No combustible material like wood shavings, straw,

flammable and explosive chemicals and similar materials
should be permitted to stored in the vicinity or inside the
pandal.

No fireworks display with open flames of any kind should

be permitted close to the temporary structure / pandal.

Kitchen must be segregated by providing separation walls

of non-combustible materials (G.I. Sheets) from the
remaining area of the temporary structure.
 TRAPPED IN A LIFT

When a lift breaks down with people trapped inside, the greatest
danger is from panic.

Do‟s

Stay calm and try to reassure anyone who shows sign of

panic.

Instill confidence and explain that you are not in danger, that
help can be summoned in several ways, and that there is no
possibility of the lift falling out of control down the shaft.

Use the alarm button or the telephone inside the lift to call for
help.

If there is no alarm system, bang on the door and shout for

help.

Once you contact someone outside, explain what has

happened and ask him to get expert help at once.

Tell your contact to dial 101 (Fire Brigade).

Stay calm and wait, you may get hungry, thirsty and worried,
but you will survive.

Dont‟s

Never try to escape from the lift without help from an expert
outside.

Do not try to force the inner lift doors open.

Do not be tempted to climb out of any hatch there may be in
the lift’s ceiling.
 FIRST - AID

When a disaster strikes, there will probably be many casualties.

The injured will have to go to a hospital, clinic or medical centre
for treatment. When a case is non-emergency in nature. Medical
advice should be sought from a family doctor or hospital, using
your own transport or the public transport system. If you can
render first aid on the spot before medical help is available, you
will certainly help to alleviate the pain and suffering of the
injured.

HOW TO STOP BLEEDING

Place the palm or

fingers over the
bleeding point and
apply direct pressure

Bleeding or hemorrhaging is simply blood escaping from its

vessels.

There are varying degrees of seriousness.

The main method of arresting the blood flow is by applying

direct pressure or a tourniquet.
 APPLYING DIRECT PRESSURE

This is one of the most effective ways of stopping severe

bleeding in almost any part of the body.

Place the palm or fingers over the bleeding point and apply
direct pressure.

The bleeding will usually stop after a while.

Do not use the method if there is a foreign body in the

wound or if a fracture is suspected.

With this method, there is also a slight risk of introducing

germs into the wound. To prevent this, place a clean piece
of material like lint or gauze over the wound before
applying pressure.
 TREATING BURNS AND SCALDS

Burns and scalds are injuries to body tissue

caused by heat, chemicals or radiation.

Reduce the spread of heat, pain and swelling

by placing the burnt area under cold running
water or immersing it in cold water for at least
10 minutes.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or
constricting clothing from the injured area
before it starts to swell.
Cover the injured area with clean, preferably
sterile, non-fluffy material.
A burnt face may be covered with a gauze
mask, with holes cut into it to assist the victim
in breathing.

Do not break
blisters or remove
anything that is
sticking to a burn.
Do not apply lotions,
Do not apply ointments or fat to
lotions, ointments the injured area
or fat to the injured
area.
 TREATING FRACTURES

What is Fracture ?
A fracture is a broken or cracked
bone. There are a number of signs
and symptoms which can indicate
that a person has a fracture :
Pain.
The injured part cannot be
moved normally.
The injured part may have an
unnatural shape or position.
There is swelling and
sometimes bruising.
There is loss of strength.
There may be an irregularity or
shortening of the affected limb.

First Aid for Fractures Treat severe bleeding & breathing

difficulties first & only then immobilize
Treat severe the injured part
bleeding and
difficulty in breathing
first.
Treat on the spot.
Avoid unnecessary
movement.
Immobilise the
injured part; splint
the joint above and
the joint below the
injury.
 TRANSPORTING CASUALTIES
WITHOUT USING A STRETCHER

Where stretchers are not available or cannot be improvised, you

may have to transport casualties the ‘manual’ way. There are
several methods you can use depending on the situation :

Victim can walk Human Crutch

with some
assistance This method is used to move victims who are
conscious and able to walk with some assistance.

Hold him firmly around the waist and use your

shoulders to support his arm, while he rests his body
weight on you.

Victim is Fireman‟s lift

lightweight
This is suitable for victims who are lightweight, either
conscious or unconscious.

Stoop low, bend the victim over your shoulders and lift
him up. For more stability, wrap your arm around his
leg as you holds his arm over your chest.

Victim is lightweight & Pick-a-back

conscious
If the victim is conscious, lightweight and able to hold
on using her arms, this is an excellent method to
transport her.

You should ensure stability in this position by firmly

grasping the victim behind the knees, with her arms
held together securely across your chest.
Victim is a child / Cradle Method
lightweight adult
Use this method if the victim is a child or a lightweight
adult.

The victim will be in the most comfortable position if

you slip your arms under her thighs and shoulders.
 PEACE TIME EMERGENCIES

Emergencies do not come with a warning. To handle emergency

situations of any magnitude the community is required to know
the basics of various types of emergencies to ensure quick
action and safety knowledge and practice of the various types of
peace time emergencies would make the community familiar and
alert to face any eventuality.

FLOODS

Evacuate & move to If You are at Home

higher ground
Stay put but be ready to evacuate
immediately if the Police/Fire Service
advise you to do so.
If you think it is dangerous to remain at
home, contact the Police/Fire Service
(giving name & address) for assistance
and evacuate immediately.
Move to higher ground away from open
areas, streams and storm drains.

Switch on the portable radio for updates

from the State or Dist. authorities.

Abandon stalled car in If You are in a Car

rapidly rising waters
Be alert to signs of flooding.
Do not drive around barricades as they
are put up for your safety.
If your car stalls in rapidly rising waters,
abandon it immediately and try to get to
higher ground.
Call the 101 or 100 if help is needed.
 LIGHTNING

When a thunderstorm threatens your area, get inside a home,

building or automobile and stay away from metal objects and
fixtures.

Don‟t talk on If you are at Home :

corded phones
Avoid showering or bathing. Plumbing and
bathroom fixtures can conduct electricity.
Avoid using a corded telephone, except for
emergencies. Cordless & cell phones are safe to
use.
Unplug appliances and other electrical items such
as computers and turn off all air-conditioners.
Power surges from lightning can cause serious
damage.

Take shelter If you are outside:

Take shelter in a building or vehicle.

In open areas or forests, seek shelter in a low area
such as under a thick growth of small trees.
If you are in an open area, crouch into a ball on the
ground.
In open water, head for shore.
If you are on a bicycle, motorbike or golf cart, get
off.
People in a group should spread out.

Get ashore Avoid doing these when lightning occurs :

Using the telephone, electrical appliances and

electronic equipment.
Standing under tall trees.
Staying in the open or on high ground.
Holding metal objects.
Being near metal fences, pipes or rails.
 WHEN AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS

Be cautious of
Gas leaks

Do not use candles, matches or other naked

flames during and after the earthquake, as there
might be a gas leak.

Take cover
Keep calm.
Take cover under a desk, table or against interior
walls. Stay away from windows, doors, walls,
display shelves and anything that could fall and
hurt you, like lightnings, furniture or fixtures.

Don‟t be alarmed
by activation of
fire safety
devices
Do not be alarmed if the electricity is cut off or
fire sprinklers and alarms are activated.

Keep away from

buildings If you are outdoors, stay away from buildings and
overhead electrical cables.
Remain in the open until the earthquake stops.

Stop vehicle and

remain inside If you are driving, stop as quickly as safety
permits. Stay in your vehicle.
Avoid stopping near or under trees, buildings,
bridges, overpasses or overhead electrical
cables.
 AFTER THE EARTHQUAKE STOPS

Leave in an
orderly manner
Do not rush for the exit or it may start a stampede

Don‟t touch
damaged wiring
Do not touch any damaged electrical wiring. Also,
report any gas leaks.
Give help to those who are injured or require your
assistance. Call the 101 / 100, if necessary.

Check for Check your home for any structural defects and inform
structural defects Municipality, Panchayat (Local Bodies) for assistance.
 ENHANCING YOURS SURVIVABILITY IF
TRAPPED UNDER DEBRIS / RUBBLE

General Guidelines if you are trapped:

Stay put and protect your head and face from shattered glass or falling objects by
grabbing a coat, blanket, newspapers, box etc.
Move away from hazardous areas or unstable objects, and if possible, put on a
pair of sturdy shoes to protect your feet from broken glass.
Brace yourself against walls without glass windows or mounted shelves. Crawl
under a sturdy table, desk or bed as that will provide you with air space and
protection against falling objects.
If you are in a safe area, stay there. Do not attempt to use the stairs or elevators
as there are dangers like falling debris, damaged stairways or exits, and power
outages in elevators and stairwells.
Use a flashlight to attract attention. Do not turn on light switches, or light
matches, fires or gas stoves etc. unless you are sure there is no danger of a gas
leak.
If you are pinned down by debris, periodically move your fingers and toes to
ensure blood circulation and prevent blood clots.
Maintain a high morale by thinking of your loved ones. This will keep your guest
for survival and fighting spirits high.
Keep calm, be alert and respond to rescuers’ calls. Do not shout unnecessarily
as you may weaken yourself.
Attract rescuers’ attention with a flashlight or by calling out if you are sure
someone is around.
Consume food and water from the refrigerator if it is near you. If you need to eat
and drink from an open source, beware of shattered glass and other debris in it.
Moderate your consumption to enable the food to last longer.
 TSUNAMI

Destructive nature of a What is a Tsunami ?

tsunami
A tsunami is a series of enormous waves
formed in the sea or near the coast generated
by violent undersea disturbances such as
earthquakes, induced movement of the ocean
floor, landslides and underwater volcanic
eruptions.

Most tsunamis are caused by earthquakes in

the sea that induce movements in the sea floor.
From the area where a tsunami originates,
waves travel in all directions over great
distances. In deep waters the tsunami wave is
not noticeable but when it approaches the
shore, it increases in height.

All tsunamis are potentially dangerous and can

be extremely violent and damaging when they
hit the shore.

Sea recedes suddenly Warning Signs to Look Out For

If you are at the beach or near the ocean
and feel the earth shake, run immediately
to higher ground. Do not wait for a
tsunami warning to be given.

The sudden draw down of the sea level

resulting in a receding shoreline,
sometimes by a kilometer or more, is a
sign of a preceding or in-between crest of
Do not stay and tsunami waves. Head for high ground as
investigate quickly as possible.

Do not approach the beach to

investigate.

If you are advised to evacuate, do so

immediately.
 WHAT YOU SHOULD DO IF YOU
ARE CAUGHT IN A TSUNAMI

Move quickly to
higher ground •
Homes and buildings located in low lying coastal
areas are not safe.

• Do not stay in such buildings if there is a tsunami

warning.

• Move quickly to higher ground.

Seek shelter in
reinforced
buildings
•
The upper floors of high multi-storey, reinforced
concreted buildings can provide refuge if there is no
time to quickly move inland or to higher ground.

Move out to
deeper waters
• If you are on a boat or ship and there is time, move
your vessel out to deeper waters.

•
If there is severe weather, it may be safer to leave
the boat at the pier and move to higher ground.

Wait for the

“ALL CLEAR ”
signal •
Stay away from the area until it is safe.

•
Do not be fooled into thinking that the danger is
over after a single wave – a tsunami is NOT a
single wave but a series of waves that can vary in
size.
 CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS TIPS

PREVENTION TAKEN BEFORE A CYCLONE HITS:

Check that your home is in a sound condition.
Trim away any tree branches hanging over your roof.
Clear your property of any loose items (eg. Sheet iron, wood etc.)
Know your Community Disaster Plan.
Prepare an Emergency Kit containing:-
Portable radio, Torch, Fresh water, Canned Food, Matches, Fuel
lamp, Cooking Utensils, Portable Stove, Water-proof bags, and
First Aid Kit.
Keep list of emergency pho ne numbers handy, like Police, Fire,
Ambulance, Gas and Electricity.
Find out how and where to turn off power, gas and water supplies.
Store you important documents in a fire/water-proof container.
Get your Household and Contents insured.

PREVENTION AT THE TIME WHEN CYCLONE HITS:

Store all your loose items inside.
Find your car and park it under solid cover.
Close all the Doors, windows and shutters.
Disconnect all electrical appliances and turn off the Gas.
Stay inside and shelter inside the strongest part of the building.
Continue to listen to your portable Radio for updates and advice.
If wind suddenly drops, don’t assume that the cyclone is over,
violent winds will soon resume from the opposite direction.
Wait for the official ALL-CLEAR SIGNAL.

PREVENTION AFTER CYCLONE:

Don’t go outside until officially advised it is safe to do so.
Check for any Gas Leaks.
Don’t use electrical appliances if Wet.
If evacuated, don’t return to your home until advised it is safe to do so.
Beware of fallen Power lines, damaged bridges, buildings and trees.
Don’t enter flood waters.
Continue to listen to your local radio for official warnings and advice.
 OPERATIONAL FACTS

You should know that –

About 600 liters of water flow through a nozzle in a minute.

A water tender carries 4500 liters of water only.

If two nozzles are used to throw water on to the fire, it

takes only 4 minutes to empty a water tender.

No objection certificate from AP Fire and Emergency

Service is not a guarantee against the outbreak of fire.

Availability of fire fighting equipment in the premises does not

prevent out break of fire. They help in minimizing the
losses due to fire if maintained and operated immediately,
effectively and efficiently.

Non-informing fire service about the fire incident may keep

the risk of fire open. Do report every fire incident to the
nearest Fire Station. Call 101.

In case of fire dial

101
 TELEPHONE NUMBERS OF FIRE
STATIONS IN HYDERABAD/SECUNDERABAD

Fire Control Room 101, 23442942

Madhapur Fire Station 23442950/ 101

Sanath Nagar Fire Station 23442946/ 101

Gowli guda Fire Station 23449214/ 101

Secunderabad Fire Station 23449227/ 101

Punjagutta Fire Station 23449224/ 101

Film Nagar Fire Station 23442953/ 101

Musheerabad Fire Station 23449216/ 101

Moulali Fire Station 23449218/ 101

Malakpet Fire Station 23449213/ 101

Moghalpura Fire Station 23449226/ 101

Chandhulal baradhari Fire Station 23449219/ 101

Secretariat Fire Station 23442947/ 101
Jeedimetla Fire Station 23449212/ 101
Malkajigiri Fire Station 23449225/ 101