Chemistry: A.C.E.

Pace 1124
Study online at quizlet.com/_1cey6x

1. published the Periodic Table of the Elements Mendeleev 24. an ion with a negative charge anion
2. determined the positive charge of an atom Moseley 25. an atom or groupof atoms with an overall + ion
or - charge
3. proposed the law of octaves Newlands
26. the general name for the attractive force chemical
4. where the First International Congress of Karlsruhe
that holds atoms together in compounds bond
Chemists was held
27. energy required to break a chemical bond bond
5. organized elements into triads Dobereiner
energy
6. presented a new method for determining Canizzaro
28. bond created by attraction of ions ionic bond
atomic masses
29. bond created by sharing electrons covalent
7. most chemically active metals alkali
bond
metals
30. bond formed with metal ions and free metallic
8. most reactive nonmetals halogens
electrons bond
9. A set of metallic elements found at the transition
31. molecule containing only two atoms diatomic
center of the periodic table; have a complex elements
molecule
electron arrangement that sets them apart
from other metallic elements. (Groups IIIB 32. simplest unit indicated by the formula of any formula
through IIB) compound unit
10. elements with a stable octet of duet noble 33. shows the types and number of atoms in a molecular
gases single molecule formula
11. the f-block elements with atomic numbers 58 lanthanide 34. pair of electrons that enters into a covalent shared pair
through 71 series bond
elements
35. pair of electrons that does not enter into a unshared
12. f-block elements with atomic numbers 90 actinide covalent bond pair
through 103 series
36. ions joined by ionic bonds are called .... ionic
elements
compounds
13. a pattern of regularly recurring properties periodicity
37. a symbolic representation of the composition chemical
14. the number of protons in the nucleus of each atomic of a compound using elemental symbols and formula
atom number numerical subscripts to show both the kinds
of elements that compose the compound and
15. the vertical columns of the Periodic Table of groups
the proportion of atoms of each element in
the Elements
the compound
16. the horizontal columns of the Periodic Table periods
38. a group of two or more atoms joined by molecule
of the Elements
covalent bonds and able to exist
17. a set of elements with similar properties family independently
18. a complete s and p sublevel in the highest stable 39. the distance at which attraction is greatest bond
occupied energy level octet and potential energy is least length
19. elements with both metal and nonmetal metalloids 40. a covalent bond in which the bonding nonpolar
properties, also called semi-metals. electrons are shared equally by both atoms covalent
20. the orbitals of equal energy are each Pauli bond
occupied by one electron before any is exclusion 41. a covalent bond in which the bonding polar
occupied by a second electron principle electrons are unequally shared by both covalent
21. the physical and chemical properties of the periodic atoms bond
elements are periodic functions of their law 42. another name for a polar covalent molecule dipolar
atomic numbers molecule
22. the orbitals of equal energy are each Hund's rule 43. a covalent bond resulting from two share double
occupied by one electron before any is pairs of electrons between to atom bond
occupied by a second electron
44. a molecule containing only two atoms diatomic
23. an ion with a positive charge cation molecule
45. electronegativity values are based on fluorine 63. the degree to which a bond is ionic or covalent ionic
the electronegativity of this element character
46. the measure of the power of an atom in electronegativity 64. the forces of attraction between molecules inter-
a molecule to attract electrons to itself molecular
forces
47. one-half the distance from the nucleus atomic radius
of one atom to the nucleus of an 65. Energy of an object in motion, calculated by kinetic
adjacent, identical atom in a molecule the equation KE = 1/2mv² given in the SI unit energy
Joules (J)
48. any process that results in the formation ionization
of an ion
49. the energy required to cause a gaseous ionization
atom or ion to release an electron energy
50. the amount of energy involved when an electron affinity
electron is acquired by a neutral
gaseous atom
51. elements tend to react chemically to octet rule
form compounds so that each atom, by
gaining, losing, or shairing electrons,
achieves a stable octet in its highest
occupied energy level
52. all objects within a closed system tend second law of
to move toward a state of greater thermodynamics
stability but lower potential energy
53. the energy required to dislodge a second
second electron from an atom or ion ionization
energy
54. intermolecular attractions resulting from London
electron motion and the creation of dispersion
instantaneous dipoles forces
55. forces of attraction between dipoles of dipole-dipole
polar covalent molecules forces
56. inter-molecular forces stronger than hydrogen bonds
dipole-dipole forces
57. cloud of delocalized mobile electrons electron sea
58. permanent change in shape deformation
59. collective name for all inter-molecular Van der Waals
forces forces
60. used to predict the shape of molecules: VESPR Theory
states that electrostatic repulsion (Valence Shell
between valence level electron pairs Electron Pair
surrounding an atom causes these pairs Repulsion)
to be oriented as far apart as possible
61. used to predict the shape of molecules: Hybridization
the combining of atomic orbitals of Theory
similar energies on the same atom to
provide special orbitals of equal energy
for the purpose of bonding
62. is composed of positive and negative ionic compound
ions combined so that the positive and
negative charges are balanced