Engineering Conferences International
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Shotcrete for Underground Support XIV Proceedings
11-18-2019
Sika Waterproofing Solutions for Tunnels (Traditional Excavation)
Philippe Doriot
SIKA,
[email protected]Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.engconfintl.org/shotcrete_xiv
Part of the Engineering Commons
Recommended Citation
Philippe Doriot, "Sika Waterproofing Solutions for Tunnels (Traditional Excavation)" in "Shotcrete for
Underground Support XIV", Matthias Beisler, ILF Consulting Engineers Asia, Ltd., Thailand Preedee
Ngamsantikul, Thailand Underground and Tunneling Group (TUTG), Thailand Herbert Klapperich, TU
Freiberg, Germany Eds, ECI Symposium Series, (2019). https://dc.engconfintl.org/shotcrete_xiv/17
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Shotcrete for Underground Structures SUS XIV
17—20 November 2019, Nong Nooch Garden / Thailand
SIKA WATERPROOFING SOLUTIONS FOR TUNNELS (TRADITIONAL EXCAVATION)
Philippe Doriot
Civil Engineer Dip. HES
Key Projects Managers SEA
Infratructure Transport and Energy
Sika Thailand Limited
SIKA GROUP – BRIEF INTRODUCTION
SIKA GROUP, SWITZERLAND - WORLDWIDE MARKET PRESENCE
Headquarter in Baar, Switzerland
Founded in 1910
20,060 employees
Subsidiaries in 101 countries
(Honduras => 101st)
Over 200 factories
20,600 employees
Sales of CHF 7.09 billion (2018)
SIKA GROUP – BRIEF INTRODUCTION
SIKA FOCUSES ON 7 TARGET MARKETS
OUR CORE COMPETENCIES
BONDING, SEALING, DAMPING, REINFORCING AND PROTECTING
Concrete Waterproofing Roofing Flooring & Coating
Sealing & Bonding Refurbishment Industry
SIKA COMPETENCE IN TUNNELLING
VARIOUS APPLICATION POSSIBILITIES
TRADITIONAL EXCAVATION
SIKA COMPETENCE IN TUNNELLING
Rock consolidation
Rock bolting Shotcrete
Waterproofing In-situ
concrete
Protective
coatings
Refurbishment Injection
technologies
Fire protection
Drainage
TRADITIONAL EXCAVATION
WATERPROOFING
THERMOPLASTIC SHEET
CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR TUNNELS
WATERPROOFING WITH SHEET MEMBRANES
Mined tunnel Mined tunnel Artificial tunnel
Traditional excavation Mechanized excavation Cut and Cover concept
Partial waterproofing Partial waterproofing Partial waterproofing
Complete waterproong
Complete waterproofing Swelling strip Complete waterproofing
CONDITIONS
EXPOSURES AND STRESS
CONSTRUCTION METHOD FOR TUNNELS
WATERPROOFING WITH SHEET MEMBRANES
Partial waterproofing Full waterproofing
Resists percolating water Resists full water pressure
Lateral drainage systems required No drainage systems required
where membrane terminates
INTRODUCTION
OWNER’S PROJECT REQUIREMENT
BELOW GROUND WATERPROOFING
EUROPEAN STANDARDS / GUIDELINES
According to EN – 13491
Degree of Characteristic of Use of underground space Water
watertightness damp and infiltration in
moisture l /m2
within 24 h
1 vapour diffusion - clean air rooms and dry rooms 0
from outside not - prolonged presence of people
permissible - storage of moisture sensitive
goods (paper, foodstuff)
2 dry - civil defense installations and its wet rooms like 0
vapour diffusion toilets, showers etc.
permissible - energy supply rooms
- general purpose underground space
3 dry - storage and otherwise commercialized rooms < 0,001
- metro stations
4 almost dry - road tunnels highway < 0,01
- road tunnels in frosty zones
- high speed train tunnels
5 capillary soaking - parking areas < 0,1
- road and pedestrian tunnels
6 light dripping - regional railways < 0,5
- metro lines
7 dripping water - sewage tunnels < 1,0
BELOW GROUND WATERPROOFING
SWISS STANDARDS / GUIDELINES
Extract from SIA 272 (Swiss standard) 2009 – recommended waterproofing systems
BELOW GROUND WATERPROOFING
SWISS STANDARDS / GUIDELINES
Extract from SIA 272 (Swiss standard) 2009 – recommended waterproofing systems
Application field •Open pits Mined Pit& Water Swimming- Water Sewage Upcom-
•Cut&cover tunnel Ponds canals pools reservoirs plants ming
•Galeries humidity
according standard B1.1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 E
SIA 270, table 3 B1.2
Watertightness class of the 1 or 2 1 or 2 2 or 3 2 or 3 1 or 2 2 2 1
whole structure
rigid
3.1 watetight concrete x x x x x x
3.2 watertight mortar x x x x x x
3.3 fluid asphalt x x
flexible
3.4 polymer-bitumen x x1 x
3.5 plastic sheet membrane x x x x x x x
3.6 bentonite layer x x
3.7 liquid applied membrane x x1 x x x x
3.8 polymer- mod. bituminouse x
coatings
1 lower-ranked (subordinated) application fields (e.g. canal lining, emergency escape tunnel) X recommended
DURABILITY OF WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
WITH + 40 YEARS SERVICE
DURABILITY OF WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
WITH + 40 YEARS SERVICE
Tunnel built in 1970
PVC membrane installed
in 1971
600m long twin tubes, 3
lanes each tube
Recently upgraded for
new EU safety & security
regulations
Inspection & testing of
the membrane became
possible
DURABILITY OF WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
WITH + 40 YEARS SERVICE
DURABILITY OF WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
LEADING INT. TUNNEL STANDARDS - TUNNEL GUIDELINE ÖBV
Guideline incorporating the latest know-how
in tunnel waterproofing for closed (NATM
and TBM) and cut-and-cover tunnels
First standard to define test methods and
limits for durability requirements, to achieve
>100 years for PVC and TPO membranes
(Table 4.6)
Describes additional durability requirements
for harsh conditions similar to the Gotthard
base tunnel (NEAT) specification (Table 4.7)
Describes environmental and health aspects
(REACH) to be met
Includes requirements for system
components (e.g substrate, installation,
fixing, welding, flexibility, quality control,
inspection & joint design).
ÖBV DESCRIPTION OF THE WATERPROOFING SYSTEM
DURABILITY OF WATERPROOFING MEMBRANES
Extract from the 2015 Austrian Tunnel Durability tests for an expected service life of 100+ years, acc.
ÖBV Table 4.7
Waterproofing Guideline ÖBV Table Behavior after EN 14415 Reduction of tensile strength and
storage in hot elongation: ≤ 25%
4.7 water Change of mass: ≤ 7%
(=Leaching) Reduction of impact load (drop
States performance after long 360 days at 70°C height): ≤ 40%
term accelerated ageing tests on
membrane properties Behavior after EN 14415 Reduction of tensile strength and
storage in elongation: ≤ 25%
saturated Change of mass: ≤ 7%
If durability of >100 years is truly limewash Reduction of impact load (drop
360 days at 50°C height): ≤ 40%
the main focus, the project Behavior after EN 1847 Reduction of tensile strength and
storage in 5-6% elongation: ≤ 25%
specifications should include sulphurous acid Change of mass: ≤ 4%
these performance tests 120 days at 23°C Reduction of impact load (drop
height): ≤ 30%
Behavior after EN 1847 Reduction of tensile strength and
Manufacturers should provide storage in 0.5% elongation: ≤ 25%
sulphuric acid Change of mass: ≤ 7%
test data to PROVE durability 360 days at 50°C Reduction of impact load (drop
Not just a manufacturers letter height): ≤ 40%
“confirming 100 years durability”!!!
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
DRAINAGE WATERPROOFING (UMBRELLA)
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
SUBSTRATE PREPARATION
Requirement of membrane flexibility in connection with shotcrete
eveness
Eveness of shotcrete ≈ 1:5 ≈ 1:10 ≈ 1:15
Section elasticity module E1-2 ≤ 20 N/mm2 ≤ 70 ≤ 100 N/mm2
acc. ISO 527 of membrane N/mm2
Roughness of shotcrete (NEAT/ SIA 272)
Definition Requirement Method of
measurement
Roughnes Depth Max. value 4-16 mm Sandfill as per ZTV-
s SIB measured at Ø
250 mm
Small waves (R 200 mm)
RKW Radius Min. value Manual
(mm) BA at BT =1 Measurement of
Eveness BA: BT Ratio = 10:1 substrate at negative
form
Large waves (R 200 mm)
RKW Radius Min. value Measurement of
(mm) BA at BT =1 substrate with
BA: BT Ratio = 10:1 profilometer
21
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
COMPLETE SYSTEM
1.Preliminary waterproofing with Sika® FlexoDrain
2.Drainage , protection layer with Sika® Geotextile or Sika®Drain
3.Synthetic waterproofing membrane Sikaplan® WP
4.Lateral drainage pipe with gravel package, connection with Sikaplan® W Drainage Angle (optional)
5.Main collector pipe, connected every ~100m with lateral drainage
6.Niche for inspection and cleaning of lateral drainage pipe
7.Shaft for inspection and cleaning of main drainage
8.Invert drainage with gravel
9.Separation layer, PE-Foil 0.3mm
(Invert drainage pipe and protection sheet not shown in the picture.)
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION OF DRAINAGE LAYER
Mobile Scaffolding Unrolling and fixing
Sika WP geotextile
Discs
Working platform
Shotcrete
Drainage
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
DISC FIXATION
24
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION OF MEMBRANE WATERPROOFING
Welding of Sikaplan
onto Sika WP Discs by
hot air welding Unrolling and
Installed positioning of Sikaplan
geotextile
Sika WP
Discs
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
MEMBRANE POSITIONING
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
MEMBRANE POSITIONING
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
INSTALLATION SEQUENCE SUMMARY
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
FIXATION AT SIKAPLAN WP DISCS
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
LONGITUDINAL SHEET MEMBRANE SEAM WELDING
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
SEAM WELDING
Double seam welding with automatic heat welding machine
Welding-temperature and -speed
adjusted to the climatic conditions on site Machine supplier:
(welding test prior to work mandatory) www.leister.com
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
DOUBLE SEAM TESTING
Seam testing with compressed air:
• 2 bars for 20min
• Target pressure loss <10%
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE ACCESSORIES
Sika®Drain Dimpled Sheet
Sikaplan® W Tundrain drainage mesh:
Other solutions such as geocomposites or
waffles can be an alternative supplied by
Sika.
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
CONNECTION TO DRAINAGE PIPE
Backfilling of Sika Drainage angle Connection with membrane
with gravel by spot-welding
-> high drainage capacity
OPTIONS FOR SECOND LINING REALIZED BY SHOTCRETE
INNER SHOTCRETE ONTO SIKAPLAN
Inner Shotcrete onto Membrane
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
JOINTS SYSTEMS SIKA® OVERVIEW
Technology Brand Base Application Location
Waterstop
Waterbars PVC
Movement Internal
Tricosal Rubber, SBR Non movement External
Greenstreak PVC
Adhered
Combiflex TPO Movement External
Dilatec PVC Non movement
Hydrophilic
SikaSwell PU Polymer Non movement Internal
Hydrotite Rubber
Injection hoses SikaFuko PVC Non movement Internal
SIKA JOINT WATERPROOFING SYSTEMS
WATERPROOFING MEMBRANE SHEET INSTALLATION
SUCCESSFUL PROJECT ACHIEVEMENT
Definition and control of substrate
evenness -> contractor
Product and system specifications
according to leading European
tunneling standards (ZTV-ING, OEBV,
SIA)
Specification of details like drainage,
shafts, rebar fixation etc.
Application know-how
THANK YOU VERY MUCH FOR YOUR ATTENTION
