Scribd
Upload
103 views6 pages

Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Process Equipment Design

The document provides an introduction to fundamentals of chemical engineering process equipment design. It discusses process design objectives, categories of process equipment, and outlines key considerations and data needed to establish the design basis for a chemical process.

Uploaded by

Omar Al-Kubasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
103 views6 pages

Fundamentals of Chemical Engineering Process Equipment Design

The document provides an introduction to fundamentals of chemical engineering process equipment design. It discusses process design objectives, categories of process equipment, and outlines key considerations and data needed to establish the design basis for a chemical process.

Uploaded by

Omar Al-Kubasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Fundamentals of Chemical

Engineering Process Equipment


Design
by

Omar Mustafa Hussein Al-Kubaisi

A lecture note
presented to the University of Anbar
in
Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department

Anabr, Iraq 2020

c Omar Mustafa Hussein Al-Kubaisi 2020


�
Scope

The success of every company depends of each employee’s understanding of the busi-
ness’s key components. Employee training and development will unlock the com-
panies’ profitability and reliability. When people, processes and technology work
together as a team developing practical solutions, companies can maximize prof-
itability and assets in a sustainable manner.
It is strategically important that your operations team understands the funda-
mentals of process unit operations concepts. This is the difference between being in
the best quartile of operational ability and being in the last quartile. There is vast
difference in the operational ability of operating companies and most benchmarking
studies have confirmed this gap in operational abilities.
Whether you have a team of new or seasoned employees, an introduction or
review of these concepts is very beneficial in closing the gap if you are not in the best
quartile, or maintaining a leadership position. Most studies show that a continuous
reinforcement of best practices in operational principles is the most effective way to
obtain the desired results. Training and learning should be an on going continuous
life long goal.

ii
Course Objectives

Course Objective This course will guide the participates to develop key concepts
and techniques to design, process equipment in a process plant. These key concepts
can be utilized to make design and operating decisions. Training and development
is an investment in future success - give yourself and your employees the keys to
success. A course such as these should almost be a requirement for young engineers
and can be utilized as a refresher for engineers with experience. Understanding the
practical applications of basic design engineering principles is a challenge for fresh
graduates. Young engineers within the first year should be able to perform task such
as;

• Understand the content of process flow diagrams (PFD).

• Understand the content of piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID).

• Understand pump sizing and develop a pump data sheet.

• Understand heat transfer and heat exchanger sizing and develop a heat exchanger
data sheet.

• Understand mass transfer equipment design such as heat exchangers, distillation


column, and absorption column.

iii
Chapter 1

Introduction

1.1 Process design


Process design establishes the sequence of chemical and physical operations; operat-
ing conditions; the duties, major specifications, and materials of construction (where
critical) of all process equipment (as distinguished from utilities and building auxil-
iaries); the general arrangement of equipment needed to ensure proper functioning
of the plant; line sizes; and principal instrumentation. The process design is summa-
rized by a process flowsheet, a material and energy balance, and a set of individual
equipment specifi-cations. Varying degrees of thoroughness of a process design may
be required for different purposes. Sometimes only a preliminary design and cost
estimate are needed to evaluate the advisability of further research on a new process
or a proposed plant expansion or detailed design work; or a preliminary design may
be needed to establish the approximate funding for a complete design and construc-
tion. A particularly valuable function of preliminary design is that it may reveal
lack of certain data needed for final design. Data of costs of individual equipment
are supplied in this book, but the complete economics of process design is beyond
its scope.

1.2 Equipment
Two main categories of process equipment are proprietary and custom-designed:
1- Proprietary equipment is designed by the manufacturer to meet performance
specifications made by the user; these specifications may be regarded as the process

1
design of the equipment. This category includes equipment with moving parts such
as pumps, compressors, and drivers as well as cooling towers, dryers, filters, mixers,
agitators, piping equipment, and valves, and even the structural aspects of heat
exchangers, furnaces, and other equipment.
2- Custom design is needed for many aspects of chemical reactors, most ves-
sels, multistage separators such as fractionators, and other special equipment not
amenable to complete standardization.

1.3 Design basis


Before a chemical process design can be properly embarked on, a certain body of
information must be agreed upon by all concerned persons, in addition to the ob-
vious what is to be made and what it is to be made from. Distinctions may be
drawn between plant expansions and wholly independent ones, so-called grass roots
types.The needed data can be classified into specific design data and basic design
data, for which separate check lists will be described. Specific design data include:

1 Required products: their compositions, amounts, purities,toxicities, temperatures,


pressures,and monetary values.

2 Available raw materials: their compositions, amounts, toxicities, temperatures,


pressures, monetary values, and all pertinent physical properties unless they
are standard and can be established from correlations. This information about
properties applies also to products of item 1.

3 Steam and condensate: mean pressures and temperatures and their fluctuations at
each level, amount available, extent of recovery of condensate, and unit costs.

4 Electrical power: voltages allowed for instruments, lighting and various driver
sizes, transformer capacities, need for emergency generator, unit costs.

5 Compressed air: capacities and pressures of plant and in-strument air, instrument
air dryer.

6 Plant site elevation.

7 Soil bearing value, frost depth, ground water depth, piling requirements, available
soil test data

2
8 Climatic data. Winter and summer temperature extrema, cooling tower dry bulb
temperature, air cooler design temperature, strength and direction of prevailing
winds, rain and snowfall maxima in 1 hr and in 12 hr, earthquake provision.

9 Blowdown and flare: What may or may not be vented to theatmosphere or to


ponds or to natural waters, nature of required liquid, and vapor relief sys-
tems.Drainage and sewers: rainwater, oil, sanitary.Buildings: process, pump,
control instruments, special equipment. Paving types required in different ar-
eas.

10 Pipe racks: elevations, grouping, coding.

11 Battery limit pressures and temperatures of individual feedstocks and products.

12 Codes: those governing pressure vessels, other equipment, buildings, electrical,


safety, sanitation, and others.

13 Miscellaneous: includes heater stacks, winterizing, insulation, steam or electrical


tracing of lines, heat exchanger tubing size standardization, instrument loca-
tions.

You might also like