ANDROID APPLICATION DEVELOPING PROJECT

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED BY
Name Univ. Roll No.
NAYAN GHOSH 10801618015
MD.AQUIB 10801618016
NIKHIL RAJ 10801618014
JAYANT KR SHAW 10801618020
ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVA 10801618028
KUMAR RAMKRISHNAN 10801618017
SATYAM BANDHOPADHYAY 10801618007

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. DHARMBIR PRASAD

Assistant Professor

DEPERTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

ASANSOL ENGINEERING COLLAGE
AFFILIATED TO
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

JULY 2021
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ASANSOL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Vivekananda Sarani, Kanyapur, Asansol, West Bengal – 713305

Certificate of Recommendation

I hereby recommend that the preliminary thesis report entitled, “Android

Application Developing Project ” carried out under our supervision by the group of
students listed below may be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of “Bachelor of Technology in Electrical Engineering” of Asansol Engineering
College under MAKAUT.
Name Univ. Roll No.
NAYAN GHOSH 10801618015
MD. AQUIB 10801618016
NIKHIL RAJ 10801618014
JAYANT KR SHAW 10801618020
ABHISHEK SRIVASTAVA 10801618028
KUMAR RAMKRISHNAN 10801618017
SATYAM BANDHOPADHYAY 10801618007

…………………………………
(Dr. Dharmbir Prasad)
Countersigned: Thesis Supervisor

……………………………… ………………………………

(Dr. Rajan Sarkar) (Dr. Dharmbir Prasad)

Head of the Department U.G. Project Coordinator

Electrical Engineering, Dept. of Electrical Engineering,

Asansol Engineering College, Asansol Engineering College,

Asansol-713305 Asansol-713305

II
 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ASANSOL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
Vivekananda Sarani, Kanyapur, Asansol, West Bengal – 713305

Certificate of Approval

The forgoing thesis is hereby approved as creditable study of an engineering

subject carried out and presented in a manner satisfactory to warrant its acceptance as
prerequisite to the degree for which it has been submitted. It is understood that by this
approval the undersigned does not necessarily endorse or approve any statement made,
opinion expressed or conclusion drawn therein but approve the thesis only for the
purpose for which it is submitted.

…………………………………

(Dr. Dharmbir Prasad)

Thesis Supervisor

III
 Acknowledgement

It is our great privilege to express profound and sincere gratitude to our Project
Supervisor, Dr. Dharmbir Parsad for providing us a very cooperative and precious
guidance at every stage of the present project work being carried out under his/her
supervision. His valuable advice and instructions in carrying out the present study has
been a very rewarding and pleasurable experience that has greatly benefited us
throughout the course of work.

We would like to convey our sincere gratitude towards Dr. Rajan Sarkar, Head
of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Asansol Engineering College for providing
us the requisite support for time completion of our work. We would also like pay our
heartiest thanks and gratitude to all the teachers of the Department of Electrical
Engineering, Asansol Engineering College for various suggestions being provided in
attaining success in our work.

We would like to express our earnest thanks to our other colleagues along with
all technical staffs of the Department of Electrical Engineering, Asansol Engineering
College for their valuable assistance being provided during our project work.

Finally, we would like to express our deep sense of gratitude to our parents for
their constant motivation and support throughout our work.

………………………………… ……………………………
(Nayan Ghosh) (Kumar Ramkrishnan)

………………………………… ……………………………
(Md. Aquib) (Satyam Bandhopadhyay)

…………………………………
(Nikhil Raj)

…………………………………
(Jayant Kr Shaw)

…………………………………
(Abhishek Srivastava)

IV
 ABSTRACT

We are living in the modern 21st century where we are vastly using different
electrical appliances in our daily lifestyle. In this era of technology and innovation,
human needs are rapidly increasing and new ways to improve the efficiency or to
ease the process are constantly being invented. Mobile phones are one of the
most important invention ever created by people for many crucial reasons such as
communication, access to information and for emergencies, millions of mobile
applications really do make media and connections much more convenient and easy
to manage. In this project an android application is designed to help local electrical
technicians and their customers. The local electrical technicians are getting an easy
and simple business platform through their customers. In this android application
customers will have to register themselves for using this application with their name,
contact no, email id, address etc. After successfully register, they can contact with the
local technician. In this page they see a list of some electrical technicians’ profile
based on their various types of professional fields. The customers can make a
decision of which technician is good for his/her requirement. After that he/she will
send a request to the selected technician and in the other part technicians will make a
profile with their name, contact no, email id, address, experience, professional details
etc. After successfully registering he/her will get a notification for log in. After
creating the profile, he/she can also updates his/her profile .When he/her get a request
from the customer, after accepting the request both the customer and technician can
contact with each other. This app will make a good opportunity for the local
technicians, to build a good business area with smart way and customers will be also
benefited by finding their electrical services need on their hand.

V
 Contents
Certificate of Recommendation………………………………………………….. ii

………………..

Certificate of iii
Approval………………………………………………………………......................

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………................... iv
..................

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………... v
…………………

Contents……………………………………………………………………………… vi
……………..

1 Preface……………………………………………………………. VII

. …………………

1.1 Introduction……………………………………………………... VIII

……………
* Android introduction,* Android history *why Android?
*Android software
-Stack *Art vs Dalvik *Android Application components, Android
studio

1.2 Motivation of the project…………………………………. XVI

…………………..

1.3 Basic description of the project…………………………. XVII

……………………

1.4 Creating login page …………………………………. XXXVIII

………………………..
2 Literature Review
.

2.1 General……………………………………………………... XXXIX

……………………….

VI
 2.2 Review of challenge …………......….…... XL

………………………………………….

2.3 Overcome of challenges…………………………………... XLIII

……………...................

3 Android app creation and components description………….. XVII

. …………………………...

3.1 ………………….. XVII

……………………………………………………………………
3.2 …………………………………. XVIII

…………………………………………………….
3.3 ………………………………………………. XVIII

……………………………………….
3.4 ……………………………………………. XX

………………………………………….
3.5 ……………………………………………. XXI

………………………………………….
4 Discussion and Conclusion……………………………………. XLV
. ……………………………
4.1 Discussion…………………………………………………………………
………….
4.2 Future XLV
work………………………………………………………………………
……
.
4.3 XLVI
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………
…… XLVII

Reference…………………………………………………………………………
……………

INTROCUTION
In this project android app are vastly using different electrical appliances in our
daily lifestyle. To repair any faulty appliances need technicians in our place. In

VII
 this project designing an android application where the local electrical technicians
are getting an easy and simple business platform through their customers. In our
android application customers will have to register themselves for using this
application with their name, contact no, email id, address etcftware skate for
mobile devices that includes an operating system Here customers will register
themselves for using this application with their name, contact no, email id, address
etc. After successfully register, they can contact with the local technician. In this
page they see a list of some electrical technicians’ profile based on their various
types of professional fields. The customers can make a decision, which technician is
good for his/her requirement. After that he/she will send a request to the selected
technician. When the request is accepted then customer and technician both contact
with each other. : In this page ‘Technician ‘will make a profile with their name,
contact no, email id, address, experience, professional details etc. After successfully
registering he/her will get a notification for log in. After the creating profile he/she
can also updates his/her profile .When he/her get a request from the customer, after
accepting the request both the customer and technician can contact with each
other.This app will make a good opportunity for the local technicians, to build a good
business area with smart way and customers will be also benefited by finding their
electrical services need on their hand.

ANDROID INTRODUCTION
In recent years, the emergence of smart phones has changed the definition of mobile
phones. Phone is no longer just a communication tool, but also an essential part of the
people's communication and daily life. Various applications added unlimited fun for
people's lives. It is certain that the future of the network will be the mobile terminal.
Now the Android system in the electronics market is becoming more and more popular,
especially in the smartphone market. Because of the open source, some of the

VIII
development tools are free, so there are plenty of applications generated. This greatly
inspired the people to use the Android system. In addition, it provides a very
convenient hardware platform for developers so that they can spend less effort to
realize their ideas. This makes Android can get further development . As the smart
phones and Android system getting popular, the operations like listening to music,
watching videos, tweeting and some others can be moved from the computer to a
phone now. The applications on the market today are mostly commercial applications,
and contain a large number of built-in advertising. If the user prefers to remove the
built-in advertising, a certain price must be paid to reach that and this is not
convenient. Meanwhile, because of the unfair competition of IT, many applications built
illegal program to steal user information and cause some damage to user’s personal
privacy. Sometimes, users will pay more attention to the user experience of software.
Therefore, the development of the application can not only be limited to the function,
more attention should be paid to the user's experience. After studying some previous
Android applications and access to large amounts of materials, we utilize the Java
language, the Eclipse platform, Android ADT and the Android SDK to develop these
three mobile applications. These systems have a nice interface and smooth operation.
These Apps won’t steal any personal information, but can exclude useless information
and bring a wonderful user experience

ANDROID SOFTWARE STACK :-

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system

IX
X
ANDROID HISTROY AND VERSIONS:-

Fig. 02
WHY ANDRIOD?

Fig 03

XI
 Fig 04

ART VS DALVIK/ ADT VS JIT :-

Android app are deployed in dalvik bytecode, which is portable ,unlike native code .In
order to be able to run the app on a device ,the code has to be compiled to machine code
Dalvik is based on JIT(just in time)compilation ,it means that each time you an app, the
Part of the code required for its execution is going to be translated (compiled) to machine
code at that moment .As you progress through the app , additional code is going to be
compiled and cached, so that the system cam resuse can the code while the app is
running since JIT compiles only a part of the code ,it has a smaller memory foot printed
uses less physical space on the device .ART, on the order hand, compiles the
intermediate language, Dalvikbytecode,into a system-dependent binary. The whole code
of the app will be pre-compiled during Installation (ones), Thus removing the lag that we
see when we open an app on our device .With on need for JIT compilation ,the code
should execute much faster ,excpect for the potential speed increase ,the use of ART can
provide am important secondary benefit . As ART runs app machine code rusults in less
battery drain , which is big plus for portable devices in general.

XII
ANDROID APPLICATION COMPONENT:-

Fig 05

Activities – An activity represents a singles screen with which a user can interact with.
An application can have more one activity and each activity operates independently ,But
can be linked to one another and each activity you create must be defined in your
Application main fest file . Each activity in android will be subclass of activity class
defined in android SDK

Services:-

A services is an application component that can perform long-running operations in the

background. It does not provide a user interface. Once started, a service might continue
running for some time, even after the user switches to another application. Additionally,
a component can bind to a service to interact with it and even perform interprocess
communication (IPC). For example, a service can handle network transactions, play
music, perform file I/O, or interact with a content provider, all from the background.

XIII
Broadcast receivers:-

They handle communication between android OS application. For e.g. the notification
that the device battery is low, the sin of earphone as soon as you Plug the headset
.Although broadcast receivers don’t display a user interface, they may create a status bar
Notification to alert the user when a broadcast event occurs.

Content providers- Content providers are used to share data between the application In
android the data cant be share directly between the two application.

ANDROID STUDIO :-

Android Studio provides a unified environment where you can build apps

for Android phones, tablets, Android Wear, Android TV, and Android Auto.
Structured code modules allow you to divide your project into units of functionality that
you can independently build, test, and debug. Android Studio is the official integrated
development environment (IDE) for Google's Android operating system, built on Jet
Brains' IntelliJ IDEA software and designed specifically for Android development. It is
available for download on Windows, mac OS and Linux based operating systems or as a
subscription-based service in 2020. It is a replacement for the Eclipse Android
Development Tools (E-ADT) as the primary IDE fAndroid Studio was announced on
May 16, 2013 at the Google I/O conference. It was in early access preview stage starting
from version 0.1 in May 2013, then entered beta stage starting from version 0.8 which
was released in June 2014. The first stable build was released in December 2014, starting
from version 1.0. In Android studio most of us using “java” as the primary language and
our project Made up of with the help of “java” On May 7, 2019 Java as Google's
preferred language for Android app development. Java is a high-level, class-based,
object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation
dependencies as possible. So we use java Features

XIV
The following features are provided in the current stable version:

Gradle- based build support, Android-specific refactoring and quick fixes Lint tools to
catch performance, usability, version compatibility and other problems, Ro Guard
integration and app-signing capabilities, Template-based wizards to create common
Android designs and components.

A rich layout editor that allows users to drag-and-drop UI components, option to preview
layouts on multiple screen configurations

Support for building Android Wear apps

Built-in support for Google Cloud Platform, enabling integration with Firebase Cloud
Messaging (Earlier 'Google Cloud Messaging') and Google App Engine Android Virtual
Device (Emulator) to run and debug apps in the Android studio. Android Studio supports
all the same programming languages of IntelliJ (and CLion) e.g. Java, C++, and more
with extensions, such as Go; and Android Studio 3.0 or later supports Kotlin and "all
Java 7 language features and a subset of Java 8 language features that vary by platform
version." External projects backport some Java 9 features.While IntelliJ states that
Android Studio supports all released Java versions, and Java 12, it's not clear to what
level Android Studio supports Java versions up to Java 12 (the documentation mentions
partial Java 8 support). At least some new language features up to Java 12 are usable in
Android.

Once an app has been compiled with Android Studio, it can be published on the Google
Play Store. The application has to be in line with the Google Play Store developer
content policy.

XV
Why java ?

Java is the favourite language for many Android Developers because the android was
only Written in java itself. Java is a programming language which produces software for
the various software development organizations, when the programmer writes a java
program compiled code also known as the byte code runs on various operating systems
including Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.

JAVA Features :-

Java is easy to learn and understand Java is an object-oriented programming language as

everything we write in java is an object. It is Flexible as it works on java as its SDK
contains many java libraries. It is accelerated assembly within Grad. Java is also known
for its security as with in java we develop virus free software. Java is also a dynamic
language. It always supports the loading of classes

Drawbacks of java:-

Java has limitations which can cause a problem with Android API design. As Java is a
verbose language Java requires writing code which can cause chances of the risk of
errors and bug. It is slower as compared to many other languages. It requires a lot of
memory.
XVI
MOTIVATION OF PROJECT

The main motivation behind this application is to help many jobless local technicians
who get no contact with their customers. Besides local technicians there are many
engineers and technical students are also there who are interested for freelancing, they
will also be benefited by this application. the point of a mobile application is to
seamlessly connect and interact with customers, making it a valuable tool for the modern
business. Nowadays the covid-19 pandemic has left thousands of Indians unemployed,
India's unemployment rate is now at a record high of 27.1%, according to the Centre for
Monitoring the Indian Economy (CMIE).  Experts predict that many small and medium
businesses are likely to shut shop altogether, it is hoped that this application will help
them in any way. Many customers are demanding a phone call to solve their issue.But
they don’t offer phone support and/or aren’t able to call them for Lack of
communication. This android application is made to get a new method of communication
or allow people to do something that was difficult before, that is the main motivation of
this project. In these days mobile apps are transforming healthcare and education and
many other fields for the better. Customers are calling out for mobile apps because they
quickly connect them to businesses they most commonly want or need, businesses are
using apps to improve their processes and increase the level of accessibility their
customers to have them. Building this android application helps us to get a sense of
satisfaction through the work. As we know smart phones changed everyone's lives. This
android application will help many technician and customers in their need. This
application will change the way of communication between customers and technicians.
In a list of some electrical technicians. The customers can make a decision. which
technician is good for his/her requirement by observing all the information about all
technician.They simplify communications by securely, instantly and directly massaging
customers, apps reduce staff workload by information requests and phone calls.
Customers will able to know technician’s rating as per, skills, good communication
skills, experiences, reviews etc of each technician. And skilled technician can
communicate with their customers easily and they will get more work opportunity from
this application. the motive of this application is to create something useful for people to
give them more benefit and satisfaction.

XVII
 Description of the project

Project Title: Electrical Maintenances and Services System

Category: Application Development, Enterprise

Objective: The main objective of this system is to design an android application when
the local electrical technicians are getting a easy and simple business platform through
their customers.

Purpose: This project consists of two parts –

a) Customers.
b) Technicians.

Customers:Here customers will register themselves for using this application with their
name, contact no, email id, address etc. After successfully register, they can contact with
the local technician. In this page they see a list of some electrical technicians’ profile
based on their various types of professional fields. The customers can make a decision,
which technician is good for his/her requirement. After that he/she will send a request to
the selected technician. When the request is accepted then customer and technician both
contact with each other.

Technicians: In this page ‘Technician ‘will make a profile with their name, contact no,
email id, address, experience, professional details etc. After successfully registering
he/her will get a notification for log in. After the creating profile he/she can also updates
his/her profile .When he/her get a request from the customer, after accepting the request
both the customer and technician can contact with each other.

This app will make a good opportunity for the local technicians, to build a good business
area with smart way and customers will be also benefited by finding their electrical
services need on their hand.

XVIII
Hardware Requirements:

 Android mobile with a minimum version 2.2.

 The processor is not less than 500MHZ.
 RAM is not less than 2048MB.
 SD card with a minimum of 512MB.
 Resolution is not less than 480*800pixs.

Software Requirements:

1. Mobile Operating System: Android 2.2 or Later

2. Server Operating System: Windows XP or Later
3. Tools (IDE): Android Studio
4. Code Behind: JAVA
5. Internet: Yes

Introducing to Firebase :-

The Firebase Realtime Database is a cloud-hosted NoSQL database that lets you
store and sync data between your users in real-time. Firebase is a mobile platform
from Google offering a number of different features that you can pick ‘n mix from.
Specifically, these features revolve around cloud services, allowing users to save and
retrieve data to be accessed from any device or browser. This can be useful for such
things as cloud messaging, hosting, crash reporting, notifications, analytics and even
earning money through Ad Mob – which I discussed in a previous post. Firebase
handles the backend online element for your apps, allowing you to focus on the front-
end UI and functionality. All this is done through a single SDK with easy-to-use
APIs and excellent integration into Android Studio. This removes the need to create
your own server-side script using PHP and MySQL, or a similar set-up. This is
‘Backend as a Service’ or ‘BaaS’, and essentially this means that anyone really can
make that ambitious social app. It works with Android apps, iOS apps and web apps
and best of all: it’s free!

XIX
Why firebase used

Firebase manages real-time data in the database. So, it easily and quickly exchanges
the data to and from the database. Hence, for developing mobile apps such as live
streaming, chat messaging, etc., we can use Firebase. Firebase allows syncing real-
time data across all devices - iOS, Android, and Web - without refreshing the screen.
Firebase provides integration to Google Advertising, AdMob, Data Studio, Big
Query DoubleClick, Play Store, and Slack to develop our apps with efficient and
accurate management and maintenance. Everything from databases, analytics to
crash reports are included in Firebase. So, the app development team can stay
focused on improving the user experience. Firebase applications can be deployed
over a secured connection to the firebase server. Firebase offers a simple control
dashboard.

Features of fires base:-

Firebase has several features that make this platform essential. These features include
unlimited reporting, cloud messaging, authentication and hosting, etc. Let's take a
look at these features to understand how these features make Firebase essential

App Development Made Easy.

With Firebase, we can focus our time and attention on developing the best possible
applications for our business. The operation and internal functions are very solid.
They have taken care of the Firebase Interface. We can spend more time in
developing high-quality apps that users want to use.

XX
It offers a number of useful services to choose from.

Key features of Cloud Fires base include:

1. Authentication

It supports authentication using passwords, phone numbers, Google, Facebook, Twitter,

and more. The Firebase Authentication (SDK) can be used to manually integrate one or
more sign-in methods into an app. Firebase auth has a built in email/password
authentication system. It also supports OAuth2 for Google, Facebook, Twitter and
GitHub. We’ll focus on email/password authentication for the most part. Firebase’s
OAuth2 system is well-documented and mostly copy/paste. If you’ve ever written an
authentication system, let’s commiserate for a moment. Custom authentication is terrible.
I will never write an auth system again for as long as I live. I fell in love with Firebase
Auth at first sight, and the flame has never wavered. Sometimes I get frustrated.
Sometimes we fight. But I never forget the cold, dark abyss of a custom auth system. I
count my blessings. Oh, and Firebase Auth integrates directly into Firebase Database, so
you can use it to control access to your data. I’m writing this as if it’s an afterthought.
It’s not. It’s the second reason that you will love Firebase Auth.

2. Realtime Database

Data is synced across all clients in realtime and remains available even when an app goes
offline.

3. Hosting

Firebase Hosting provides fast hosting for a web app; content is cached into content
delivery networks worldwide. Firebase includes an easy-to-use hosting service for all of
your static files. It serves them from a global CDN with HTTP/2. And to make your
development particularly painless, Firebase hosting utilizes Super static, which you can
run locally for all of your testing. I run Super static as Browser Sync middleware. The
following implementation uses Gulp, but Gulp is purely optional.

XXI
4. Test lab

The application is tested on virtual and physical devices located in Google’s data centers.

5. Notifications

Notifications can be sent with firebase with no additional coding. We can manage
information campaigns very easily, including the ability to set and schedule messages to
engage users at the right time of day. These notifications are completely free. These are
unlimited for both iOS and Android. There is only one dashboard to worry about, and if
we integrate with Firebase Analytics, we can use various user segmentation features.

Optimized for app development

Managing app data is still hard; you have to scale servers, handle intermittent
connectivity, and deliver data with low latency. Firebase optimized for app development,
so anyone can focus on delivering value to their users and shipping better apps, faster.

Synchronizes data between devices in real-time –

Our Android, iOS, and JavaScript SDKs sync your app data almost instantly. This makes
it incredibly easy to build reactive apps, automatically sync data across devices, and
build powerful collaborative features and if you don't need real-time sync, one-time reads
are a first-class feature.

Uses collections and documents to structure and query data –

This data model is familiar and intuitive for many developers. It also allows for
expressive queries. Queries scale with the size of your result set, not the size of your data
set, so you'll get the same performance fetching 1 result from a set of 100, or
100,000,000.

Enables offline data access via a powerful, on-device database –

This local database means your app will function smoothly, even when your users lose
connectivity. This offline mode is available on Web, iOS and Android.

Enables serverless development- Cloud Firebase client-side SDKs take care of the
complex authentication and networking code you'd normally need to write yourself.
Then, on the backend, providing a powerful set of security rules so you can control
access to your data. Security rules let you control which users can access which
documents, and let you apply complex validation logic to your data as well. Combined,
these features allow your mobile app to connect directly to your database.

XXII
Integrates with the rest of the Firebase platform –

You can easily configure Cloud Functions to run custom code whenever data is written,
and our SDKs automatically integrate with Firebase Authentication, to help you get
started quickly.

Putting the 'Cloud' in Cloud Firebase

This means it's a fully managed product, built from the ground up to automatically scale.
Cloud Fires base is a multi-region replicated database that ensures once data is
committed, it's durable even in the face of unexpected disasters. Not only that, but
despite being a distributed database, it's also strongly consistent, removing tricky edge
cases to make building apps easier regardless of scale. It also means that delivering a
great server-side experience for backend developers is a top priority. Providing SDKs for
Java, Go, Python, and Node.js today, with more languages coming in the future.

Creating Login Page Using Android Studio

The following steps must be followed in an order to create an Android app in Android
Studio. We will create a simple login page and password interface using Android
Studio.Thegood, easy, and the best way is Android Studio with Java because Java is
platform-independent and we can run Java applications.

Installation :-

Installation JDK and JRE in your system

Launch android studio.exez

XXIII
 Fig no06

Fig no.07

Fig no, 08
Step 1-
Open
Android
Studio –

Then, select
Start a New
Project.

Fig no 09

Step 2:
XXIV
Fill application Name and package name and click next

Fig 10

XXV
Step 3:

Select Empty activity and click next.

Fig 11

XXVI
Step 4

The picture shows that my app's name is Chat. It is displaying "Welcome to the chat" as
the text View which can be dragged from the toolbar on the left side.

Fig 12

Step 5

Add the Text View label from Toolbar and change the default text to log in. (fig 13)

XXVII
Step 6

 Now, add the Email label and Password label from the toolbar to insert, by dragging and
dropping intomainactivity design page

Fig 14

XXVIII
Step 7

Then, add a button to mainactivity as the Login button. Here, we have created the button
as Login by drag and drop.

Fig15

XXIX
Step 8
 Now, we need to execute our Login page interface in our virtual device. It’s an emulator
that enables us to run our Android Operating System in Android Studio to run our apk
file created.

Fig 16

XXX
 Literature Review
Android application Developing project

Before the project starts, existing knowledge on app design should be researched. A app
Will be designed, made and released into the market for this project. In order to
increaseChances of success the principles of app design will be examined, and taken into
account During The design process of the app. Android Development is a book written
by DavidGriffith. we’ll learn how to structure app design interfaces, create database,
make app work They also suggest app are often made under the assumption that all
people use easily. Android Programming for Beginners is written by John Horton, This
book has introduced all the fundamental concepts of programming in an Android
context, basic Java knowledge,Java Development Kit (JDK), the Android Application
Programming Interface (API), and how we use them through Android Studio.Android
App Development For Dummies is written by Michael Burton is also a book which has
given the information about the latest programming techniques that take advantage of
the new features of the Android operating system.Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is
conducted to highlight development and testing estimation process for
software/application. The goal of the present literature survey is to identify and compare
existing test estimation techniques for traditional mobile software/application. The
characteristics that make mobile software/application different from traditional software
are identified in this literature survey.

XXXI
 >>Introduction: -

This system is intended to help local electrical technicians and their customers. the
local electrical technicians are getting a easy and simple business platform through
their customers by this android application. Various information will be given
customer’s name, contact no, email id, address etc. And for customers various
choices will be given with technician’s name, contact no, email id, address,
experience, professional details etc. customers will send a request to the selected
technician. When the request is accepted by the technician then customer and
technician both contact with each other.

>>Implementation Analysis and Discussion; this android application offers-

 Increased Audience Reach. ...

 Direct Engagement with the Target Segment. ...

 Low Cost & Effective. ...

 No Additional Cost for Paid Advertising. ...

 Increased Web Traffic. ...

 Better & In-depth Analytics. ...

 Android application for free…..

>> Challenges faced by us to make a Android App

Fragmentation
>> Challenges Faced By us to make a Android App :
Fragmentation:-
Software Fragmentation: From Cupcake and Donut to Orio and Pie, the Android has
various versions (nearly 17 versions until now). Every version has diverse features,
technology, and enhancements. Besides, not everyone uses the same version. They use
different versions. By keeping this in mind, the developers have to design an application
that supports every version and gives the same UX for all versions. It is somewhat a
tough job for them because of its diversity in features in all versions.

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Device Fragmentation: Device diversity is another issue. There are thousands of various
different Android devices that come with sundry screen resolutions and unique
ecosystems. Google allows manufacturers to customize the OS based on their
requirements. The hardware features may vary in terms of display, buttons, keyboard
formats, resolution, storage, and authentication system (passwords, fingerprint, and other
bio-metrics), etc. Creating an app that perfectly works for all devices is another big
challenge for app developers.
Testing Fragmentation: Every device has its unique testing environment and the testers
are needed to follow different testing strategies every time. Though there are test
automation tools to provide testing automatically, testing strategies depend on the design
of an app that is built by app developers
JAVA or KOTLIN?:-
These two programming languages are used in app development. Choosing one of them
is again a challenge as both have their pros and cons.
JAVA – It is a very easy language but needs a bulk amount of code and more storage. It
is helpfull in building apps fast and it works well with both native and cross-platform
apps. The Android itself in java and developers can use its libraries in app development.
KOTLIN – As it is the modern language, developers need to learn this complex coding
though it lessens the number of code lines than java. Kotlin can also use java libraries.
These apps can be built faster than java without any errors, but it has slow compilation
speed.
API incompatibility:-
APIs are made for making the app development easier. Not every function can be
developed from scratch. Some need additional APIs to meet business-based unique goals
such as authentication and maps. Building separate APIs or adopting third-party APIs is
the way to provide a more personalized experience. However, sometimes there will be an
incompatibility between APIs and the device features .Developing an intuitive app by
overcoming the issue is a challenging one for developers

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Storage and battery capacity challenge:

The performance of the app shouldn’t affect the battery life and the storage shouldn’t
exceed the device storage capacity. If it consumes much battery and starts overheating,
there is a chance to lose the customers since no one will be willing to use your app
because of these two reasons.

Security issues:-

As Android is an open-source OS, it is more vulnerable to security issues. Despite its

protection, there is a chance for the entry of malware into the apps that may redirect
the users to other URLs without developers’ consent.

Visibility issues in the Play Store:-

As mobile app development has become popular, more and more apps are being built.
The developers need to design unique apps to stand out amid bottleneck competition.

Copyright issues:-

The infringements of laws of copyrights and patents make it challenging to provide

impeccable security in tune with the updates from Google’s copyrights.

Overcome : It's no wonder that, the app development process is informative

There have been lots of steps and processes to follow, and many decision making
mechanism are involved as well. But, we have tried our best to cover multiple scenarios
and possibilities you might encounter. after having a amount of research to overcome all
the challenges.

1.we decided to use JAVA instead of KOTLIN because . JAVA is the best choice for
mobile developers working on Android applications because it is convenient and
relatively easy to use. And also JAVA gives the best option for development of mobile
applications that are based on Android, as Android consist of its own APIs and JAVA
libraries. So, for Android applications, you use android APIs as well as JAVA to write
code for Android apps. As Android itself is written in Java . It protects you from many of
the problems inherent in native code, like memory leaks, bad pointer usage,

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etc. Java allows them to create sandbox applications, and create a better security model
so that one bad App can't take down your entire OS.

2. Each app supports for specific Android version and newer versions. because Android

has various versions (nearly 17 versions until now). We have decided to make our
android application could run in Android 2.2 or Later android versions. So that we can
reach to maximum users.

3.We are using android studio software to create this android application because
Android Studio provides a complete IDE, including an advanced code editor
and application templates. It also contains tools for development, debugging, testing,
and performance that make it faster and easier to develop applications  Additionally, it
also help build files that you will be needing in the Android mobile application
development process and offers the basic form of layouts..

a. there are thousands of various different Android devices that come with sundry
screen resolutions. At present, we do not have any mobile applications for less
than 480*800pixs.So we are making this application which can run 480*800pixs
or letter screen resolutions android devices.

b. Android is more often targeted by hackers, too, because the operating system
powers so many mobile devices today. The global popularity of
the Android operating system makes it a more attractive target for cybercriminals.
So security is a big issue in now days so the following

3.1Write a Secure Code. Write

3.2 Encrypt All Data.

3.3 Be Extra Cautious With Libraries.

3.4 Use Authorized APIs Only.

3.5 Use High-Level Authentication.

3.6 Use the Principle of Least Privilege.

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3.7 Deploy Proper Session Handling.

3.8 Test repeatedly

Android app creation and components :-

Step 1

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Step 2 :- Enter your name

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Step 3 :- login

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Future work /discussion-

The vision of Digital India programmer is inclusive growth in areas of electronic

services, products, manufacturing and job opportunities. It is centered on three key areas
– digital infrastructure as a utility to every citizen, governance and services on demand,
and digital empowerment of citizens. Propelled by the falling cost and rising availability
of smartphones, high-speed connectivity, and the many Government policies, India is
already home to one of the world's largest and fastest-growing bases of digital
consumers. In fact, the nation is digitising faster than many other mature and emerging
economies. The number of internet users in India increased by 47 million (+8.2%)
between 2020 and 2021. Internet penetration in India stood at 45.0% in January 2021.
Now most small business owners don’t realize how much untapped potential lies in this
marketing medium. Yes, even for small businesses. And especially for local businesses.
And there are many local businessman also who invested time and resources into
building an amazing mobile website or application so their customers are covered when
customers want info on the go about your business. Because mobile apps allow you to
resolve customer questions, makes them aware of the discounts or offers you are
providing, gives a platform to directly interact with the company and suggest services the
way they want. Mobile apps make customer service a simpler and more efficient process
for businesses. Besides small businessman there are some engineers and technical
students are also there who are interested for freelancing. Now days freelancing is one
of the best ways you can earn money, as you can adjust the projects according to your
own time and get decent pay as well. So many college students and people will get help
from our application and it will be also very helpful for those people who know work
without any technical degree. those who doesn’t want to work under
company,partnership or liability they can work with their own self dependent business
platform by our end devour. customers and workers both will get benefit from our
application. We will be able to connect all state workers and customers of India with
each other in their need. In this pandemic situation it will have a great impact for many
people. For the future of this application we are looking forward to work on designing,
convenient, better performance, security etc of this application.

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Conclusion
Android as a full, open and free mobile device platform with its powerful function and
good user experience rapidly developed into the most popular mobile operating system.
This report gives an overview of the different challenges and issues faced in android app
development .The experience of developing an android app is quite challenging
motivating as well as satisfying. We are designing an android application when the local
electrical technicians are getting a easy and simple business platform through their
customers. In our android application customers will have to register themselves for
using this application with their name, contact no, email id, address etc. This app will
make a good opportunity for the local technicians, to build a good business area with
smart way and customers will be also benefited by finding their electrical services need
on their hand.

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References

1.Headfirst Android Development is a book written by David Griffith. we'll learn how to
structure our app, design interfaces, create a database, make your app work

2.Android Programming for Beginners is written by John Horton. The book will
introduce you to all the fundamental concepts of programming in an Android context,
from the basics of Java to work with the

3.Android Programming for Beginners is a book written by John Horton.

4.Android App Development For Dummies is written by Michael Burton. In this book,
you will find the latest programming techniques that take advantage of the new features
of the Android operating system.

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