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Chemistry Group 5 (Glass and Ceramics)

This document discusses glass and ceramics. It describes the composition and production of different types of glass such as fused glass, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and lead crystal glass. It also discusses the properties and uses of ceramics, which are made from clay and hardened through heating. Ceramics can withstand high temperatures and are used for building materials, household items, medical supplies, and electrical insulation due to their strength, chemical inertness, and heat resistance.

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Muhammad Faizan
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85 views18 pages

Chemistry Group 5 (Glass and Ceramics)

This document discusses glass and ceramics. It describes the composition and production of different types of glass such as fused glass, soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, and lead crystal glass. It also discusses the properties and uses of ceramics, which are made from clay and hardened through heating. Ceramics can withstand high temperatures and are used for building materials, household items, medical supplies, and electrical insulation due to their strength, chemical inertness, and heat resistance.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Faizan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHEMISTRY

GROUP 5

CHAPTER 9.5

[Glass And Ceramics]


Glass
~ Glass is made from sand.
~ Glass is normally referred to a transparent , shiny
substance that breaks rather easily.
~ Evidence has shown that glass has been used for
more than 3000 years ago.
~ The major component of glass is silica or silicon
dioxide , SiO2.
~ Glass can be made by heating a mixture of silicon
dioxide and metal carbonates to a temperature above
1500 c.
Type And Uses Of Glass

4 types of glass that are


commonly used namely
fused glass , soda-line glass ,
borosilicate glass and lead
crystal glass.
Fused Glass
~The simplest type of glass is fused glass. It consists mainly of silica.

~Fused glass is made by heating silica to a molten liquid. The liquid is


then cooled rapidly to form an amorphous solid.

~During fast cooling , the SiO4 tetrahedras do not


have time to crystallise out to form a highly regular
structure. Thus, the structure resembles that of a
liquid state. Hence, glass is a super-cooled glass.

~Fused glass is expensive because exceptionally


high temperature must be maintained during its
manufacturing.
Soda-lime glass
~Soda-lime glass is the most common and earliest used
glass.
~It is made by heating sand (silica) with
limestone (CaCO3) and sodium carbonate
(Na2CO3) at around 1 500 c and cooling it
quickly.
~Soda-lime glass is a mixture of sodium
silicate and calcium silicate. The presence
of sodium silicate makes the glass melts at
a lower temperature.
Borosilicate glass
 When boron oxide, B2O3 is added to soda-lime glass,
borosilicate glass is formed.
 Borosilicate glass has a lower thermal expansion
coefficient.
 It is about 3 times as heat-resistant as soda-lime
glass.
 It is also more resistant to chemical
Lead Crystal Glass
 Lead crystal glass is normally called crystal or lead glass,
PbO for calcium oxide , CaO and often for part of the silica,
SiO2 used in soda-lime glass.
 Lead crystal glass is soft and easy to melt.
 It is more expensive than soda-lime glass.
 Lead crystal glass is used for the finest tableware, lead
crystal glassware and art objects.
 Lead crystal glass is suitable for fine crystal because it is
optically transparent and contain much more lead.
Ceramics
 Pieces of broken ceramics from more than 6000
years ago have been found by archaeologists.
 Pottery is the oldest form of ceramic products.
 Ceramics are made from clay such as kaolin .Kaolin
is rich in kaolinite (hydrated aluminosilicate,
Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O).
 When the clay is heated to a very high
temperature, it undergoes a series of chemical
reactions and is hardened permanently to form
ceramics.
 These chemical change are not reversible and the
ceramic cannot be melted and remouled.
Properties And Uses Of Ceramics
 General properties of ceramics are as follows.
(a) Very hard and strong
(b) Brittle
(c) Chemically inert and does not corrode
(d) Good insulator of electricity and heat
(e) Very high melting point
(f) Resist compression

* Unlike glass, ceramics can withstand high


temperature and do not melt easily.
Uses of Ceramics
Properties Uses Examples
Hard and strong Building materials Tiles, bricks , roofs, cement,
abbrasive for grinding
Attractive, easily Decorartive pieces and household Vases, porcelain ware,
mouled and glazed items sinks, bathtubs

Chemicaaly inert Kitchenware Cooking pots, plates,


and non-corrosive bowls

Very high melting Insulation Lining of furnase, engine


point and good parts
insulator of heat.
Electrical Insulating parts in eletrical Spark plugs, insulators in
insulators appliances ovens and electric cables

Inert and non- Medical and dental apparatus Artifical teeth ang bones
compressible

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