ENSC-371 – Summer 2017 Assignment#2: Due Date 13 June 2017

Note: Provide Detailed solutions and not just final answers. Final Answers only will get a mark of zero.

Problem-1:
Assume that the RTT between a client and the local DNS server is TTl,
while the RTT between the local DNS server and other DNS servers is
RTTr. Assume that no DNS server performs caching.
a. What is the total response time for the scenario illustrated in top figure on
the right?
b. What is the total response time for the scenario illustrated in bottom figure
on the right?
c. Assume now that the DNS record for the requested name is cached at the
local DNS server. What is the total response time for the two scenarios?

Now suppose the HTML file references eight very small objects on the same
server. Neglecting transmission times, how much time elapses with the
following conditions:

d. Non-persistent HTTP with no parallel TCP connections?

Solution:
ENSC-371 – Summer 2017 Assignment#2: Due Date 13 June 2017
Note: Provide Detailed solutions and not just final answers. Final Answers only will get a mark of zero.

Problem-2:

Solution:
 For calculating the minimum distribution time for client-server distribution, we use the
following formula: Dcs = max {NF/us, F/dmin}

 Similarly, for calculating the minimum distribution time for P2P distribution, we use the
N
following formula: DP 2 P  max{F/us, F/d min, NF/(u s   ui )}
i 1

Where, F = 15 Gbits = 15 * 1024 Mbits; us = 30 Mbps; dmin = di = 2 Mbps

Note, 300Kbps = 300/1024 Mbps.

Client Server
N
10 100 1000
300 Kbps 7680 51200 512000
u 700 Kbps 7680 51200 512000
2 Mbps 7680 51200 512000

Peer to Peer
N
10 100 1000
300 Kbps 7680 25904 47559
u 700 Kbps 7680 15616 21525
2 Mbps 7680 7680 7680
ENSC-371 – Summer 2017 Assignment#2: Due Date 13 June 2017
Note: Provide Detailed solutions and not just final answers. Final Answers only will get a mark of zero.

Problem-3:
Part-a:

Part-b:

Solution:
Part-a:
Yes, you can configure many browsers to open multiple simultaneous
connections to a Web site. The advantage is that you will you potentially
download the file faster. The disadvantage is that you may be hogging the
bandwidth, thereby significantly slowing down the downloads of other users who
are sharing the same physical links.

Part-b:
For an application such as remote login (telnet and ssh), a byte-stream oriented
protocol is very natural since there is no notion of message boundaries in the
application. When a user types a character, we simply drop the character into
the TCP connection.
In other applications, we may be sending a series of messages that have inherent
boundaries between them. For example, when one SMTP mail server sends
another SMTP mail server several email messages back to back. Since TCP does
not have a mechanism to indicate the boundaries, the application must add the
indications itself, so that receiving side of the application can distinguish one
message from the next. If each message were instead put into a distinct UDP
segment, the receiving end would be able to distinguish the various messages
without any indications added by the sending side of the application.
ENSC-371 – Summer 2017 Assignment#2: Due Date 13 June 2017
Note: Provide Detailed solutions and not just final answers. Final Answers only will get a mark of zero.

Problem-4:
Suppose Bob (not your instructor) joins a Bit-Torrent torrent, but he does not want to upload any
data to any other peers (so called free-riding).
a. Bob claims that he can receive a complete copy of the file that is shared by the swarm. Is
Bob’s claim possible? Why or why not?
b. Bob further claims that he can further make his “free-riding” more efficient by using a
collection of multiple computers (with distinct IP addresses) in the computer lab in his
department. How can he do that?

Solution:
a. Yes. His first claim is possible, as long as there are enough peers staying in the swarm for
a long enough time. Bob can always receive data through optimistic un-choking by other
peers.

b. His second claim is also true. He can run a client on each host, let each client “free-ride,”
and combine the collected chunks from the different hosts into a single file. He can even
write a small scheduling program to make the different hosts ask for different chunks of
the file. This is actually a kind of Sybil attack in P2P networks.
ENSC-371 – Summer 2017 Assignment#2: Due Date 13 June 2017
Note: Provide Detailed solutions and not just final answers. Final Answers only will get a mark of zero.

Problem-5:
Suppose you installed (don’t actually install – You can if you want but not required) and compiled Python
programs TCPClient and UDPClient on one host and TCPServer and UDPServer on another
host.

a. Suppose you run TCPClient before you run TCPServer. What happens? and Why?
b. Suppose you run UDPClient before you run UDPServer. What happens? and Why?
c. What happens if you use different port numbers for the client and server sides?

Solution:
a) If you run TCPClient first, then the client will attempt to make a TCP connection with a
non-existent server process. A TCP connection will not be made.

b) UDPClient doesn't establish a TCP connection with the server. Thus, everything should
work fine if you first run UDPClient, then run UDPServer, and then type some input into
the keyboard.

c) If you use different port numbers, then the client will attempt to establish a TCP connection
with the wrong process or a non-existent process. Errors will occur.