ENGLISH PREPARATIONS

FOR
MUSIC STUDENTS

1. Common irregular verb forms (page 1)

2. Present tenses (pages 2-3)
3. Past tenses (pages 4-5)
4. Future tenses (page 6)
5. Modals (page 7)
6. Affirmative/Negative sentences (pages 8-10)
7. Passive voice (pages 11-12)
8. Interrogative sentences (pages 13-16)
9. Pronunciation (pages 17-20)
Common Irregular Verb Forms in Alphabetical Order
(Source: englishforeveryone.org)

BaseForm SimplePast Participle BaseForm SimplePast Participle BaseForm SimplePast Participle

awake awoke awaken go went gone shrink shrank shrunk
be was/were been grind ground ground sing sang sung
beat beat beaten grow grew grown sink sank sunk
begin began begun hang hung or hung or sit sat sat
bend bent bent hanged hanged sleep slept slept
bet bet bet have had had slide slid slid
bid bid bid hear heard heard sling slung slung
bind bound bound hide hid hidden slink slunk slunk
bite bit bitten hit hit hit slit slit slit
bleed bled bled hold held held sow sowed sown
blow blew blown hurt hurt hurt speak spoke spoken
breed bred bred keep kept kept spend spent spent
break broke broken know knew known spin spun spun
bring brought brought lay laid laid split split split
build built built lead led led spread spread spread
burst burst burst leave left left spring sprang or sprung
buy bought bought lend lent lent sprung
cast cast cast let let let stand stood stood
catch caught caught lie lay lain steal stole stolen
choose chose chosen light lit or lit or stick stuck stuck
cling clung clung lighted lighted sting stung stung
come came come lose lost lost stink stank stunk
cost cost cost make made made stride strode stridden
creep crept crept mean meant meant strike struck struck or
cut cut cut meet met met stricken
do did done pay paid paid string strung strung
deal dealt dealt put put put strive strove striven
dig dug dug quit quit quit swear swore sworn
dream dreamt or dreamt or read read read sweep swept swept
dreamed dreamed rend rent rent swell swelled swollen
draw drew drawn rid rid rid swim swam swum
drink drank drunk ride rode ridden swing swung swung
drive drove driven ring rang rung take took taken
dwell dwelt dwelt rise rose risen teach taught taught
eat ate eaten run ran run tear tore torn
fall fell fallen say said said tell told told
feed fed fed see saw seen think thought thought
feel felt felt seek sought sought thrust thrust thrust
fight fought fought sell sold sold tread trod trodden
find found found send sent sent wear wore worn
flee fled fled set set set weave wove woven
fling flung flung sew sewed sewn wed wed wed
fly flew flown shake shook shaken weep wept wept
forget forgot forgotten shed shed shed wet wet wet
forgive forgave forgiven shine shone or shone or win won won
freeze froze frozen shined shined wind wound wound
get got gotten shoot shot shot wring wrung wrung
give gave given show showed shown write wrote written

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 Present Tenses
Present Simple Tense
Form Use
Subj. +V (1) s/es in third person We use the present simple to talk about:
I / You / We / They start. 1. regular habits and routines. Our lessons start at 8 o’clock.
2. permanent situations. We live in this city.
He / She / It starts.
3. scientific facts. The earth goes round the sun.

Adverbs and expressions of frequency

Adverbs of frequency Expressions of frequency
Adverbs of frequency usually go after the verb to be Expressions of frequency usually go at the end of
or just before main verbs. the clause/ sentence.
 John is always late.  I play tennis once a week.
 We usually go to school by bus.
Present Continuous Tense
Form Use
Subj. +am/are/is+ verb +ing We use the present continuous with time expressions such as now,
We are working. currently, etc. to talk about:
1. actions that are happening now or near the moment of speaking.
I can’t come out. I’m doing my homework now.
2. temporary actions and situations. I’m walking to school this week.
changing situations. He’s getting good at playing tennis.
3. actions that happen very often and annoy the speaker.
My sister is always taking my clothes.
State and action verbs
Some verbs are not usually used in the present continuous because they describe states not actions. These
are usually:
1. verbs of feeling: like, love, hate, want, prefer, need
2. verbs of thinking: know, understand, believe, remember, mean, think(=have an opinion),
see(=understand)
3. verbs of the senses: look, seem, sound, hear, see, smell, feel, appear
4. verbs of possession: have, own, belong
Be careful because some verbs have different meanings. One can describe a state and the other an action.
I have two sisters. (state) I’m having a great time. (action)
You look angry. (state) What are you looking at? (action)

Exercise 1: Put the words in the correct order to make sentences.

1. always/early/Sue/arrives/. ________________________________________________________
2. dinner/we/have/always/at 6.30/._________________________________________________________
3. television/Tim/watches/never/.__________________________________________________________
4. a lot of/stay/at/it/money/luxury/to/costs/hotels/. ____________________________________________
5. patients/look after/nurses/hospital/in __________________________________________________
6. 1:00/usually/she/lunch/with/has/customers/at/. _____________________________________________
7. are/in/the/playing/children/park/the/moment/at/the/. _________________________________________
8. watching/she/television/is/. _____________________________________________________________
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Exercise 2: Put the verbs given in the present simple or present continuous.

Sarah: Hey, Sam. Why (a) ________ you ________ (wear) a jacket and a tie? You (b) ______ (not usually wear)
such smart clothes.
Sam: I (c) _______________ (get ready) for a job interview. I (d) __________ (start) to get bored this summer,
sitting at home doing nothing.
Sarah: My sister and I are bored too, but that’s because we (e) __________ (work) every summer.
We (f) ___________ (save) up money to buy a new computer.
Exercise 3: Choose the correct alternative.

1. Can we stop at the bank? I need / am needing some money.

2. How are you? Do you have / Are you having a good time?
3. What’s the problem now? You don’t seem / aren’t seeming happy.
4. I don’t know who this dog belongs / is belonging to.

Present Perfect Simple

Form Use
Subj. + have/has + past participle We use the present perfect simple to talk about:
(V3) 1. an experience in someone’s lifetime, without saying the exact
time when the event occurred. I’ve travelled around Europe.
2. recent events which have a result in the present.
She’s bought a new house. (=She has a new house now.)
3. actions or situations that began in the past but continue in the
present.
Mark’s lived here for ten years. (=He still lives here now.)
Present Perfect Simple with ever, never, for, since, just, already, yet
 Have you ever been to London?
 I’ve never lived in a big city.
 I’ve lived in this area for three years / since March.
 I have just seen Jenny.
 I have already been to Japan.
 Have you bought a flat yet? I haven’t bought a flat yet.
Exercise 4: Write sentences in present perfect simple.
1. they / ask / a question - ________________________________________________________________
2. he / speak / English - _________________________________________________________________
3. I / be / in my room - __________________________________________________________________
4. we / wash / the car - ____________________________________________________________________
5. Annie / forget / her homework - ___________________________________________________________
6. I / lose / my passport - ___________________________________________________________________
7. they / just / arrive - _____________________________________________________________________
8. Stephanie / has / many different jobs - ______________________________________________________
9. I / live / in Paris / since / 2001 - ___________________________________________________________
10. you / hear / the song / 100 times - __________________________________________________________

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 Past Tenses
Past Simple Tense
Form Use
Subj. + V2 We use the past simple to:
1. Describe finished actions or situations in the past. I flew to London last year.
2. Say that one thing happened after another. When the train arrived, we got on it and sat
down.
Past Continuous Tense
Form Use
Subj. + was/ were + V.1 –ing We use the past continuous to:
1. Talk about activities in progress at a moment in the past.
At four o’clock this morning we were sleeping.
2. Describe scenes in a story or description.
The old woman was wearing a long coat and she was carrying a big, heavy
bag.
3. Talk about an activity in progress when another, short activity
happened or interrupted it.
I was talking to Cathy when suddenly I heard a loud noise.
4. We often use while and as with the past continuous.
While/ As I was walking to school, I heard somebody call my name.
Past Perfect Simple
Form Use
Subj. + had + past participle (V3) 1. We use the past perfect to talk about actions that happened before
another action or actions in the past.
When I had brushed my teeth, I got into bed.
2. We often use time expressions such as when, after, by the time
as, as soon as … with the past perfect.
I had finished my lunch by the time he arrived.

Exercise 5: Choose the correct alternative. (Past simple and Past continuous)
1. We were travelling fast when the train suddenly stopped / was stopping .
2. I saw an old friend of mine when I waited / was waiting to buy my ticket.
3. My friends and I put / were putting our coats on and left the house.
4. You looked sad yesterday because you cried / were crying.
5. He dropped / was dropping the plate and it broke.
6. It didn’t rain / wasn’t raining when I got / was getting up.
7. Nobody paid attention to me when I arrived because they watched / were watching something on TV.
8. We had / were having a wonderful dinner last night to celebrate our 25th wedding anniversary.
9. Last Sunday while Sandy cleaned / was cleaning out the closet, she found/ was finding her
grandmother’s wedding dress.

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Exercise 6: Complete the sentence with the past simple or the past continuous.

1. Yesterday David (cross) _______________ a street when a truck (turn) _______________the corner very
fast and almost (hit) _______________ him.
2. Yesterday we had a houseful of children for my son’s sixth birthday party. In the middle of the party, the
phone (ring) _______________, so I had to leave the children alone for a moment. When I (come)
_______________ back into the room, most of the children (play, still) _______________ together nicely.
But over in the corner, Bobby (pull) _______________ Annie’s hair. I quickly (run) ________________
over and (tell) ________________ Bobby to stop.
3. Two days ago I (visit) ________________ my friends Ann and Andy at their apartment. They (wash)
_______________ the dishes when I (come) _____________. They (finish) ______________ quickly, and
we all (sit) _______________ down and (talk) _______________ about old times.
4. It (rain) _______________ when we (go) ________________ out.
5. Jack (read) ________________ a book when the phone (ring) ____________________.
Exercise 7: Decide which action happened first and then join the two sentences with a time expression.
Put one of the verbs in the past perfect.

1. She started driving. She got into the car.

She __________________________________________________________________________________
2. He finished using the computer. He switched it off.
When ________________________________________________________________________________
3. We ate our meal. We paid the bill.
When ________________________________________________________________________________
4. She did her homework. She went to bed immediately after.
As soon as ____________________________________________________________________________
5. The police identified the criminal. They arrested him.
After ________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 8: Circle the correct option. Past simple or past perfect.

1. He walked into the bus station only to find that the bus left / had left.
2. When Scott woke up, his mother had already prepared / prepared breakfast.
3. I knew / had known him for a long time before I met / had met his family.
4. It had been / was cloudy for days before it finally had begun / began to rain.
5. The teacher had corrected / corrected the tests we had written / wrote.
6. I gave / had given them some of the candies I bought / had bought.
7. My friend ate / had eaten up all the biscuit we baked / had baked.

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 Future Tenses
Be going to Will

Form: Form:
Subj. + am/are/is going to + V.1 Subj. + will + V.1

We use be going to to: We use will to:

1. talk about plans and intentions which we have 1. make general predictions about the future. We
already decided to do in the future. often use think, hope, expect, etc with will and
We’ve decided that we’re going to order a pizza. won’t to express our opinion
2. make predictions about the future, particularly I think the future will be amazing.
when we have evidence for the prediction 2. do something at the moment of speaking
The waiter isn’t very strong. I think he’s going to A: I can’t do this exercise.
drop all those plates. B: I’ll help you.
3. talk about the future when it is an objective truth
It’s her birthday next month. She’ll be sixteen.
4. say how certain we think something is
Well definitely like the food. The food definitely
won’t be bad.

Exercise 9: Complete the sentences with will or be going to

1. A: Excuse me, waiter! This isn’t what I ordered. I ordered a chicken salad.
B: Sorry, sir. I ______________ take this back and get your salad.
A: Thank you.
2. A: Would you like to join Linda and me tomorrow? We ________________ visit the natural history
museum.
B: Sure. I’ve never been there.
3. A: I need some help.
B: What can I do, Andy?
A: I _________________ go to a job interview this afternoon, and I don’t have a decent tie to wear.
B: I _________________ lend you one of mine.
A: Thanks.

Exercise: 10: Choose the best alternative.

1. A: What are you going to do this weekend?
B: I ‘ll have / ‘m having a party at my house. I’ve invited fifty people!
2. A: What are you going to do this weekend?
B: I haven’t made any plans. I know! I ‘ll call/ ‘m calling my friends. We can go out together.
3. A: I can’t go out with you on Saturday. I ‘ll go/ ‘m going to my grandmother’s house.
4. Look at the sky! It ‘ll rain/ ‘s going to rain.
5. Oh dear! It’s 9 o’clock and I’m not ready.
I ‘ll be/ ‘m going to be late.

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 Modals
The modal verbs include can, must, may, might, will, would, should. They are used with other verbs to express
ability, obligation, possibility, and so on. Below is a list showing the most useful modals and their most common
meanings:
Form Use
Subj. + modals + V.1 Modal Meaning Example
can to express ability I can speak a little Russian.
can to request permission Can I open the window?
may to express possibility I may be home late.
may to request permission May I sit down, please?
might to express possibility It might rain this afternoon.
must to express obligation I must go now.
must to express strong belief She must be over 90 years old.
should to give advice You should stop smoking.
would to request or offer Would you like a cup of tea?

Exercise 11: Complete the sentence with correct modal verbs.

1. It’s a hospital. You ___________ smoke.
2. __________ you stand on your head for more than a minute? No, I ____________.
3. Drivers ___________ stop when the traffic lights are red.
4. __________ I ask a question? Yes, of course.
Perfect Modals

Form Use
Subj.+modal+have+past participle (V3) Meaning Example

obligation Your house looks great. You must have spent a

lot of time painting it.
advice You should have seen a doctor.
prohibition You mustn’t have smoked here.
certainty He must have been rich. He had a big house and
an expensive car.
possibility I guess it might have been Scott on the phone.

Exercise 12: Complete the following sentences with correct perfect modals.

1. Michael went running in the rain. He ______________ gotten sick.

2. It was so dark that I fell down the stairs. I ________________ fixed the light.
3. I called his apartment and nobody answered. He ________________ gone out.
4. Jim looks happy. I think _______________ gotten a new job.
5. My bicycle is broken. I never _______________ ridden it down the stairs.
6. He ________________ stolen the car. He was with me all the time.

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 5 Basic Sentence Structure
- Subject + Verb
-S+V+O
- S + V + adj.
- S + V + adv.
- S + V + N (complement)

Affirmative Sentences
Subject + main verb (intransitive)
Ex. The children sleep.
She was sick yesterday.
That old man walks very slowly.

Subject + auxiliary/ helping verb/ modal + main verb (intransitive)

Ex. My mom was working when I arrived.
Most of the guests have gone.
Her daughter can swim.

Subject + main verb (transitive) + Object

Ex. We held a birthday party for John last week.
Jane always buys new clothes every month.

Subject + helping verb/ modal + main verb (transitive) + Object

Ex. All participants were attending the meeting.
The students have already done their exercises.
You can rearrange your appointment any time.

Underline subject and circle verb of each sentence.

1. Maria called me last night.
2. We have finished our assignments on time.
3. Our new classmate lives here.
4. The desserts tasted wonderful.
5. Her experiences match our requirements.
6. In his two months in the job he has developed his skills a lot.
7. It costs a lot more than I think.

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8. What we should do is to follow the directions.
9. The customer’s complaint was heard.
10. The feeling of disappointment can lead to frustration.

Choose the correct verb in each sentence.

1. All students ______ listening carefully to the teacher. (is/ are/ have/ do)
2. The earthquake ______ caused a lot of damage. (does/ has/ can/ are)
3. Most of my employees ______ along well with one another. (is getting/ has got/ get/ gets)
4. 70% of the people in town _______ to the election last week. (go/ are going/ went/ can go)
5. Mathematics _______ too hard for my little children. (is/ are/ do/ does)

Negative Sentences
1. With the word “not”
Affirmative Negative
Subject + main verb
She brings an umbrella. =>
We have breakfast together. =>
He went to the cinema last night. =>
They did a satisfactory job. =>

Subject + Verb to be
I am your assistant. =>
She was sick yesterday. =>

Subject + auxiliary/ helping verb + main verb

We are working together. =>
Mary has won the competition. =>

Subject + modal + infinitive

They can do the exercises. =>
You should follow the instructions. =>
The patient might want a new treatment. =>

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2. With negative words : no one, nobody, nothing, nowhere, none, neither
Ex. No one was there.
Sandy bought nothing after spending hours in the mall.
None of my relatives live near me.
My little sister likes neither fruits nor vegetables.

3. With some adverbs of frequency : never, rarely, hardly, scarcely, seldom

Ex. These students rarely miss the class.
He has never disappointed us.

Change these negative sentences into affirmative.

1. She didn’t send us the documents.

………………………………………………….......
2. Her opinion has not been accepted.
………………………………………………….......
3. The girl couldn’t find her wallet.
………………………………………………….......
4. That old man doesn’t walk properly.
………………………………………………….......
5. We have never been there before.
………………………………………………….......
Correct these sentences.

1. He doesn’t lives in this apartment.

………………………………………………….......
2. We don’t hardly arrive on time.
………………………………………………….......
3. She can’t do nothing about the problem.
………………………………………………….......
4. The mails have arrived yet.
………………………………………………….......
5. He doesn’t believe neither his parents nor his friends.

………………………………………………….......

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 Passive Voice

Decide if the sentences are active (A) or passive (P).

1._____ Kate is cooking dinner.

2._____ Anna’s car was stopped by the police.

3._____ Andy has prepared the tea.

4._____ Dinosaurs existed millions of years ago.

5._____ New species of insects are discovered every year.

Active Subject + Verb + Object

1 4 3 2
Passive Subject + be* + V3 (by+Object)

1. “Object” in Active => “Subject” in Passive

2. “Subject” in Active => “Object” after the word “by” in Passive
3. Main verb => V3
4. Change “be*” according to the tense in Active

Example: Past simple Example: Present perfect

Active - Paul wrote that play. Active - Paul has written that play.
Passive - That play was written by Paul. Passive - That play has been written by Paul.
Passive (Q)- Was that play written by Paul? Passive (Q)- Has that play been written by Paul?
Example: Future simple Example: Present continuous
Active - Paul will write that play. Active - Paul is writing that play.
Passive - That play will be written by Paul. Passive - That play is being written by Paul.
Passive (Q)- Will that play be written by Paul? Passive (Q)- Is that play being written by Paul?
EXERCISE 1: Change the active to the passive.
1. Tom buys a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
2. Tom is buying a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
3. Tom has bought a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
4. Tom bought a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
5. Tom was buying a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
6. Tom had bought a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
7. Tom will buy a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
8. Tom is going to buy a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
9. Tom should buy a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
10. Tom has to buy a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.
11. Tom can’t buy a piano. A piano ……………………………… by Tom.

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EXERCISE 2: Change the above 11 sentences into the question form (yes/no question) of active
and passive.
ACTIVE PASSIVE
1. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
2. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
3. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
4. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
5. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
6. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
7. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
8. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
9. ……………………….……………..? ……………………………………………..?
10. ………………………………………? ……………………………………………..?
11. ………………………………………? ……………………………………………..?

Active-Passive voice exercises

Put the verbs into the correct forms. Decide whether you have to use active or passive.
1. The Statue of Liberty (give) ………………………….. to the United States by France.
2. It (be) …………………….. a present on the 100th anniversary of the United States.
3. The Statue of Liberty (design) ………………………. by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.
4. It (complete) ………………………….. in France in July 1884.
5. In 350 pieces, the statue then (ship) …………………………….. to New York, where it (arrive)
…………………………. on 17 June 1885.
6. The pieces (put) ………………………………… together and the opening ceremony (take)
……………………………… place on 28 October 1886.
7. The Statue of Liberty (be) ……………………… 46 m high (93 m including the base).
8. The statue (represent) …………………………… the goddess of liberty.
9. She (hold) ………………………… a torch in her right hand and a tablet in her left hand.
10. On the tablet you (see / can) ……………………………… the date of the Declaration of
Independence (July 4, 1776).
11. Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) …………………… by many people from all over the world.

A: There was a storm on the coast last night.

B: ……………………………………………………….. ? (anything/damage)
A: Yes. Some trees fell on cars. Fortunately, nobody was killed.
B: How many cars ……………………………….. during the storm? (crush)
A: Three or four.
B: …………………………………………………………… ? (the trees/remove/yet)
A: Yes, they have. But the cars are still there.
B: When ……………………………………………… ? (the cars/remove)
A: Tomorrow, I hope.
B: ………………………………………………………………… ? (the cars/badly/damage)
A: Yes, they are. One of them is completely destroyed.

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 Interrogative Sentences

Question Forms in English

There are 2 main basic question forms:
 Yes/No questions : when the answer expecting is "yes or no"
 Question begin with Question-word: when we need "information" answer

Yes/No questions
Sometimes the only answer that we need is simply yes or no.

auxiliary verb subject main verb answer: yes or no

Do you like your new teacher ? Yes, I like her/him.

Yes, I do.
No, I don't like her/him.
No, I don't.

Can you drive? Yes, I can./

No, I can't.

Has Jenny finished her homework? Yes, she has.

Did they go home? No, they didn't.

Note !! Main verb (v. to be >> is, am , are // was, were) in Present Simple & Past simple:

answer:
main verb (verb to be) subject yes or no

Are you Hungry ? Yes, I am. / No, I am not.

Is Adele British? Yes, she is.

Was Mom at home? Yes, she was.

No, she wasn't.

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Question-word questions

Sometimes we want more than just "yes or no" for an answer. When asking for information, we usually place a
question-word at the beginning of the sentence. The question-word indicates the information that we want, for
example:

what (อะไร) where (ทีไ่ หน), when (เมือ

่ ไร่), why (ทำไม), who (ใคร), which (อันไหน) how (อย่ำงไร)

question auxiliary main answer:

word verb subject verb information

What do you want ?

Where do you live? In Paris.

When will we have lunch? At 1pm.

Why do Tara move to Because she loves the weather

LA.? there.

Who(m) did she meet? She met Adam.

Who* has run out? Taylor has run out.

*When the question-word is who, it acts as the subject.

**In Present Simple and Past Simple tenses, there is no auxiliary verb with who.

Note !! Main verb (v. to be >> is, am , are // was, were) in Present Simple & Past simple:

question word main verb (verb to be) subject

Where is Bombay?

How was she?

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Choice questions

Sometimes we give our listener a choice. We ask them to choose between two possible answers, so their
answer is (usually) already in the question. Look at these examples:

answer:
auxiliary verb subject main verb or in question

Do you want tea or coffee? Coffee, please.

Will we meet John or James? John.

Note !! Main verb (v. to be >> is, am , are // was, were) in Present Simple & Past simple:

main verb be subject OR

Is your new i-phone white or rose gold?

Were they $15 or $50?

Exercise : Arrange the words below to make questions.

Present Simple

1. you / to be / from Paris _______________________________

2. you / to go / to the cinema _______________________________

3. she / to have / friends _______________________________

Past Simple
4. you / a song / sing _______________________________

5. Rob / the door / lock _______________________________

6. Paula / happy / be _______________________________

7. they / Japan / visit _______________________________

Present Perfect
8. you / have / breakfast _______________________________

9. how often / we / sing / this song _______________________________

10. ever / you / be / to London _______________________________

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Exercise : Please form questions by using wh-words.
1. Tom is my teacher.
……………………………………………………………………..
2. She will take the red one.
……………………………………………………………………..
3. There are about 60 students in my class. (how many)
……………………………………………………………………..
4. Your word made mom cry yesterday. (when)
……………………………………………………………………..
5. They apply to study at Silpakorn University. (where)
……………………………………………………………………..
6. I came here to meet you. (why)
……………………………………………………………………..
7. They are doing their exercises in the room, (what)
……………………………………………………………………..
8. The midterm examination will take place in August, (when)
……………………………………………………………………..
9. We were very late because it rained, (why)
……………………………………………………………………..
10. This drum set costs about Baht. 50,000.
……………………………………………………………………..
Exercise : Ask for the bold part of the sentence.
1. Britney is now studying for her admission exam. ………………………………………………………..
2. Manny is leaving home at 6 o'clock. ……………………………………………………………………..
3. The band play in the garden. ……………………………………………………………………..
4. Bob drives his sport car carefully. ……………………………………………………………………..
5 . Ronaldo comes from Portugal. ……………………………………………………………………..
6. Nan runs with her dog every day. ……………………………………………………………………..
7. Nan runs with her dog every day. ……………………………………………………………………..
8. The police caught the thief. ……………………………………………………………………..
9. I opened the door. ……………………………………………………………………..
10. The teacher checked our assignment. ……………………………………………………………………..

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 Pronunciation สุภาวดี อุดมชัยรัศมี
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
1. WORD : Sound + Ending Sound + Stress

/f/ - /v/
victory, province, cover, slave, valley, value, volume, vintage, village

Vera visited several villages last November. That volcano is covered all over with lava.

/r/ - /l/
ring, run, roll, drill, large, practice, car, smile, really, cloud - crown - clown - crowd

/s/ - /z/
/z/ - zip, zoo, zone, jazz, easy, disease, desire, design, example, exactly

/s/ - pizza, except, expand, expect

/ / - / / th
theme, through, thought, something, faith, truth, thriller, thousand, therapy

the, this, that, these, those, there, though, another, mother, father

cloth - clothes breath - breathe He thought this was the last month. The Theory of Everything

/ /-/ /-/ / ch - sh - s
choice, chance, chicken, child she, chef, push, cash, dish, trash, pressure

pleasure, treasure, illusion, vision, explosion, Asia, Malaysia

S + /p/ , /t/ , /k/

s+p=ป Spain, speak, spy, spill, spoil, spa palm tree, popular, poster, pound

s+t=ต state, still, stone, steal, star, style tutor, pretty, little, ton

s+k=ก discuss, discover, sky, skill, scare hockey, cookie, kilometer, kilogram

American Accent /t/ ที่อยูก่ ลางคา บางครัง้ จะออกเสียงเป็ น /d/ เช่น bottle, water, daughter, better, butter

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 Ending Sound
might, mine, mind, mile, mice fight, file, fine, find sign, sigh, size, site, side film

……….s / es

*** s, ss, sh, ch, z, g, ce, ge + s, es = / / *** establishes, dances, relaxes, changes, Alice's work

p, t, k, f, gh, th +s = /s/ stops, looks, cats, laughs

b, d, g, v, m, n, ng, l, r, th, เสียงสระ +s = /z/ describes, begs, words, loves, calls, dreams

…….ed

*** t, d + ed = / / *** wanted, needed, United States, devoted

p, k, f, th, s, ss, ch, x, gh, sh + ed = /t/ walked, watched, missed, kissed, worked, asked

b, g, v, z, m, n, l, th, เสียงสระ + ed = /d/ loved, closed, breathed, smiled, planned, called

EXCEPTION - / / naked, wicked, learned, beloved

STRESS
1. มี 2 พยางค์ พยางค์ท้ายลงเสียง เออะ stress จะลงที่พยางค์แรก nature, paper, sector
2. ลงเสียงหนัก ที่พยางค์หน้า suffix เหล่านี้

….ion education, evacuation, decision ….ian musician, politician, mathematician

….ity university, ability, facility ….ual intellectual, annual

….ify terrify, notify, classify …ious delicious, courageous

…itive competitive, initiative …able, ..ible capable, terrible

….ic economic, pacific, ironic

3. พยางค์ ลงท้ายด้วย ..ate , ….ize ลงเสียงหนักที่พยางค์ที่ 3 นับจากข้างหลัง

appreciate, exaggerate, illustrate organize, recognize, symbolize

4. บางคา part of Speech เปลี่ยน Stress เปลี่ยน

family familiar familiarity economy economic

decrease (n.) decrease (v.) increase record progress

5. คาประสม ลงเสียงหนักพยางค์แรก the White House, book shelf

6. stress พยางค์สุดท้าย unique, occur, prefer, refer, event

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 2. SENTENCE : Intonation + Speed

Intonation Speed

1. Statements ลงเสียงต่าที่ทา้ ยประโยค คาที่ไม่สาคัญ ไม่คอ่ ยมีความหมาย เช่น

2. Wh.. Questions ลงเสียงต่าที่ทา้ ยประโยค verb ช่วย, preposition, pronoun

3. Yes-No Questions ขึน้ เสียงสูงที่ทา้ ยประโยค ลดเสียงลงครึง่ หนึง่ หรือ ลงเสียงต่า

Hello, my name is Paula. What's your name? How do you feel about it?

Are you happy? Can you tell me the way to the beach? Is it safe to go swimming there?

Karen was promoted to a sales position of World Trek travel agency. Jennifer was applying for the
management position.

ประโยคบอกเล่า แต่เป็ นคาถาม ขึน้ เสียงสูง : Really? It wasn't boring? Seriously? Promise?

Series : My favorite fruits are apples, oranges, grapes, and watermelons.

คาถามให้เลือก : Would you like coffee or tea?

ประโยคยาว หยุดโดยขึน้ เสียงสูงค้างไว้ หรือ ทาเสียงกลางๆ แต่ไม่ลงเสียงต่า

Actually, there's no right or wrong way to make a decision, but by understanding our own decision-
making styles, we can make more effective, well-informed, and conscious decisions.

พูดเน้นความหมาย เน้นเสียงให้ชดั ขึน้ พูดให้ชา้ ลง

According to UNICEF, each day, 25,000 children under the age of five die of starvation or preventable
infectious disease.

พูดใส่อารมณ์ : He's so gorgeous! It's marvelous! The food was amazing!

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 Frequently Used Words
education, graduate, procedure

reality, seniority

quay, pier

try, tried, tired, tire

sword, island, bias

agriculture, develop, atmosphere, experience, challenge, elephant, eleven

proposal, purpose, process, project, recent, relevant, requirement

chocolate, vanilla, berry, ferry

above, event, report, support, special effect, southern

efficient, sufficient, efficiency, sufficiency

balance, creature, culture, environment

ceremony, tradition, parents, democracy, victory, monument, history

amateur, mature, interesting, consider, marriage

Amazon, Toyota, Ferrari, Porsche, Microsoft, Ethan, Adam

บรรณานุกรม
ปรารมภ์รตั น์ โชติกเสถียร. การออกเสียงสระและเสียงพยัญชนะในภาษาอังกฤษ. กรุงเทพฯ: สานักพิมพ์แห่งจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2550

พิณทิพย์ ทวยเจริญ. การพูดภาษาอังกฤษตามหลักภาษาศาสตร์. กรุงเทพฯ: สานักพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์, 2534

เศรษฐวิทย์. พาไปดูฝรั่งเขาออกเสียง. กรุงเทพฯ: โรงพิมพ์เม็ดทราย, 2544

Joan Saslow and Allen Asher. Top Notch. Pearson Education, 2015

Kenton Harsch and Kate Wolfe-Quintero. Impact Listening. Pearson Education, 2007

http://www.pronuncian.com/Lessons/default.aspx?Lesson=129

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