ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res.

9(03), 727-738

Journal Homepage: -www.journalijar.com

Article DOI:10.21474/IJAR01/12637
DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/12637

RESEARCH ARTICLE
NATURAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF MACALAYA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL,CASTILLA,
SORSOGONAN ASSESSMENT

Pedro A. Santonia JR.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Manuscript Info Abstract
……………………. ………………………………………………………………
Manuscript History This research aimed to determine the preparedness of the students of
Received: 25 January 2021 Macalaya National High School in Castilla, Sorsogon to natural
Final Accepted: 28 February 2021 disasters for the school year 2019-2020.The descriptive research was
Published: March 2021 used in the study using the one hundred eighty students of Macalaya
National High School as the respondents. A self-made questionnaire
and rubrics to describe the level of preparedness. Mean and standard
deviation and Pearson r correlation using an alpha level of .05 were
used as the statistical tools.The study revealed the following findings.
The students of Macalaya National High School preparedness to natural
disaster like typhoon has an overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard
deviation of 0.626 with a variance of 0.3924 was rated as Very Great
Extent. Landslide has an overall mean of 4.63 and has a standard
deviation of 0.617 with a variance of 0.3813 was rated as Very Great
Extent. Storm surge has an overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard
deviation of 0.632 with a variance of 0.3992 was rated as Very Great
Extent. Earthquake has an overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard
deviation of 0.630 with a variance of 0.3976 was rated as Very Great
Extent. The findings show that there is a “significant correlation
between the level of natural disaster and disaster preparedness of the
students of Macalaya National High School” at 0.05 level of
significance. It shows that the null hypothesis stating that “There is no
significant correlation between the level of natural disaster and disaster
preparedness of the students of Macalaya National High School” is
rejected. Thus, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. It inferred that
there is a “significant” correlation between them.It was recommended
that the School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council must
sustain the preparedness of the school. Constant reminders and
promotions about preparedness against natural disaster is a must. Also,
training and seminars must be included in the inset of the teachers with
the special participation of the student’s governing council.

Copy Right, IJAR, 2021,. All rights reserved.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
Introduction:-
Natural Disaster remains one of the main challenges faced by the developing country. It causes high mortality and
suffering in addition to damages of local infrastructures and loss of properties. Natural calamities like Typhoons,
landslides, storm surges, and earthquakes are the common and yet most destructive forces of nature.

Corresponding Author:- Pedro A. Santonia JR

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Disasters are bound to happen; Typhoons and storms are very common and almost part of our lives especially in the
coastal community. So, it is expected that everyone must have proper knowledge of what to do in case of natural
calamities.

Disaster preparedness is the process of ensuring that an organization has complied with the preventive measures, and
is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecast disastrous event to minimize loss of life, injuries, and
damage to properties. (PAHO, 2012).

The National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council or the NDRRMC is the Government agency responsible
for damage assessment and consolidated reports on government action. Furthermore, The NDRRMC was
established to pursue disaster prevention and risk reduction. It reports updates on the effects and preparedness
measures of disaster situations such as typhoons, earthquakes, and other calamities. (Philippine Official Gazette,
2013).

In addition, The Department of Social Welfare and Development or DSWD is the agency responsible for the
distribution of social services to the Filipino people. One of the methods used by the government to impart the
concept of the NDRRMC plan is to integrate it in school. In the Effectiveness of DepEd order No. 55 s. 2008, the
Disaster Risk reduction Resource Manual was formed to be used on concepts related to Disaster Risk Reduction
Management in public schools.

Lastly, According to The Annie E. Cassey Foundation, “No one is immune to the effects of a disaster and it is
important we take steps to prepare.”
,
Methodology:-
Research Design
This study analyzed the preparedness of the students of Macalaya National High School to natural calamities using
the descriptive research design. Finding the weighted mean was implemented by determining the preparedness of
the students of Macalaya National High School to natural calamities.

According to Enriquez (2005), descriptive research is characterized as a survey or normative approach to the study
of condition, which is an essential guide to one’s thinking. It is used to describe the characteristics of a population or
phenomenon being studied.

Research Locale
The study was conducted in Macalaya National High School, in the Municipality of Castilla, Province of Sorsogon,
Philippines.

Instrumentation
The researcher finds the weighted mean to determine the preparedness of the respondents to natural calamities. The
questionnaire consisted of one hundred (100) questions divided into four categories that measure the following
natural calamities: typhoon, storm surge, landslides, and earthquakes.

Results and Discussions:-

This chapter presents the findings of the study and their corresponding analysis together with the interpretation of
the statistical treatment of data and interpretation of the results.

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Table 1 shows the overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard deviation of 0.626 with a variance of 0.3924 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of 1.3934 and kurtosis of 0.7620shows that the
level of Natural Disaster in terms of Typhoon has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies
with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 1:- Level of Natural Disaster in terms of Typhoon.

Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation

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Monitor the news for weather updates, warnings and advisory 4.59 0.65 Strongly Agree
Check the integrity of your house and repair weak parts. 4.62 0.62 Strongly Agree
Prepare your family’s GO BAG containing items needed for survival. 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
Stay calm, indoors and tuned in to the latest news and weather 4.61 0.64 Strongly Agree
updates.
Turned off the main electrical switch and water valve 4.59 0.67 Strongly Agree
Using flashlights or emergency lamps. Cautious in using candles and 4.65 0.58 Strongly Agree
gas lamps.
Stay away from a glass window 4.56 0.67 Strongly Agree
Wait for the authorities to declare that it is safe to return home. 4.61 0.65 Strongly Agree
Stay away from falling trees, damaged structures and power lines. 4.53 0.62 Strongly Agree
Check for wet and submerge electrical outlets and appliances before 4.66 0.58 Strongly Agree
turning on the electricity.
Weighted Mean=4.62
SD=0.626
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 2 shows the overall mean of 4.63 and has a standard deviation of 0.617 with a variance of 0.3813 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.4195 and kurtosis of 0.8626 shows that the
level of Natural Disaster in terms of Landslide has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies
with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 2:- Level of Natural Disaster in terms of Landslide.

Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Know the landslide-prone areas and learn early signs of impending 4.57 0.67 Strongly Agree
landslides.
Prepare your family’s GO BAG containing items needed for survival. 4.62 0.62 Strongly Agree
Know the location of the evacuation site and the fastest and safest 4.64 0.59 Strongly Agree
way to go there
When notified, immediately evacuate to safer ground. 4.62 0.64 Strongly Agree
When inside a house or building and evacuation is not possible, stay 4.66 0.60 Strongly Agree
inside and get under the table.
When driving, do not cross bridges and damaged roads 4.69 0.54 Strongly Agree
Avoid landslide affected areas 4.56 0.67 Strongly Agree
Watch out for possible flash floods due to clogging of creeks or river 4.61 0.65 Strongly Agree
Know if your area has a potential threat of storm surge 4.63 0.62 Strongly Agree
When notified, immediately evacuate to higher safer ground. 4.66 0.58 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.63
SD=0.617
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

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Table 3 shows the overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.632 with a variance of 0.3992 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3526 and kurtosis of 0.6427 shows that the
level of Natural Disaster in terms of Storm surge has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies
with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 3:- Level of Natural Disaster in terms of Storm surge.

Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Move away from the seashore 4.59 0.65 Strongly Agree
Stay indoor and stay tuned for the latest news and weather updates. 4.61 0.64 Strongly Agree
Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in 4.61 0.61 Strongly Agree
floodwater.
Seek first aid if you or someone was injured 4.59 0.66 Strongly Agree
Bring the injured person to the nearest hospital 4.57 0.69 Strongly Agree
Leave the evacuation area only when the authorities say it is safe, 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
Check your house for possible damages and repair as necessary. 4.54 0.68 Strongly Agree
Make sure that the food and water for drinking are not contaminated 4.61 0.63 Strongly Agree
by floodwater.
Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in 4.63 0.61 Strongly Agree
floodwater
Check for a missing person and report to the authority 4.67 0.56 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.61
SD=0.632
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 4shows the overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard deviation of 0.630 with a variance of 0.3976 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3405 and kurtosis of 0.7778 shows that the
level of Natural Disaster in terms of Earthquake has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies
with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 4:- Level of Natural Disaster in terms of Earthquake.

Statements Mean SD Interpretation
Know the earthquake hazard in your area 4.59 0.66 Strongly Agree
Follow the structural design and engineering practices when 4.63 0.62 Strongly Agree
constructing a building
Familiarize yourself with the exit routines 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
Stay away from the windows and lamps 4.60 0.65 Strongly Agree
Do a duck, cover and hold 4.59 0.67 Strongly Agree
Stay calm and do not panic 4.65 0.59 Strongly Agree
Stay away from the building wall and power supply 4.58 0.66 Strongly Agree
Move away from the steep slopes which may be affected by 4.60 0.66 Strongly Agree
landslide
Be prepared for the aftershocks, once the shaking stops, take the 4.64 0.61 Strongly Agree
fastest and safest way out of the building
Keep updated on disaster prevention instruction from a transistor 4.66 0.59 Strongly Agree
radio
Weighted Mean=4.62
SD=0.630

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Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent

Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 5shows the overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.626 with a variance of 0.3870 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3578 and kurtosis of 0.6964 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of Typhoon as to response
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 5:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of typhoon as to
response.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Monitor through radio or other reliable sources the latest official 4.67 0.55 Strongly Agree
report of PAGASA
Gather the students in the most stable strong and safe school building 4.54 0.67 Strongly Agree
when it is no longer safe for them to go home
Advise the students to stay indoor 4.60 0.65 Strongly Agree
Coordinate with the proper school officials on possible immediate 4.61 0.63 Strongly Agree
evacuation measures
Ensure that students will remain calm by keeping them informed of 4.63 0.61 Strongly Agree
the latest development.
Weighted Mean=4.62
SD=0.630
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 6shows the overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard deviation of 0.627 with a variance of 0.3869 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.4117 and kurtosis of 0.8286 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of recovery/rehabilitation as
to response has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 6:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of typhoon as to
recovery/rehabilitation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Attend to victims immediately 4.57 0.67 Strongly Agree
Check the classroom for damages and losses 4.62 0.62 Strongly Agree
Coordinate with the Brgy. LGU’s for assistance 4.64 0.59 Strongly Agree
Prepare the necessary documents to effect replacement of damaged 4.62 0.64 Strongly Agree
buildings and other school properties
Continue to listen to the radio or local television and return home 4.66 0.60 Strongly Agree
only when the authorities indicate it is safe to do so
Weighted Mean=4.62

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SD=0.627
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 7shows the overall mean of 4.60 and has a standard deviation of 0.636 with a variance of 0.3973 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3463 and kurtosis of 0.6370 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of mitigation as to response
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 7:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of typhoon as to
mitigation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Establish and maintain coordination with the Brgy disaster 4.64 0.58 Strongly Agree
coordinating council
Ensure that the school building can withstand heavy rains and strong 4.57 0.67 Strongly Agree
winds
Switch off electricity and lock the rooms after the students have gone 4.57 0.67 Strongly Agree
out
Have a handy survival kit 4.61 0.62 Strongly Agree
Participate actively in the school disaster response drill 4.63 0.61 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.60
SD=0.636
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 8shows the overall mean of 4.65 and has a standard deviation of 0.576 with a variance of 0.3224 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.4072 and kurtosis of 0.9931 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as to response
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 8:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as
to response.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Direct the students to move higher grounds upon detection of the 4.62 0.61 Strongly Agree
sign of probable storm surge
Advise the students to be alert and stay away from steep, high coastal 4.66 0.56 Strongly Agree
areas which are prone to landslide
Switch off the power supply 4.65 0.55 Strongly Agree
Advise the students to stay inland side away from the potential flow 4.66 0.58 Strongly Agree
of water
If caught in the storm surge, advise the students to take hold of large 4.68 0.53 Strongly Agree

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boulders which can protectthem from the force of water.

Weighted Mean=4.65
SD=0.576
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 9shows the overall mean of 4.60 and has a standard deviation of 0.644 with a variance of 0.4069 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3493 and kurtosis of 0.6137 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as to
recovery/rehabilitation has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great
extent.

Table 9:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as
to recovery/rehabilitation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Clean all mud and debris immediately 4.56 0.68 Strongly Agree
Advise the students not to eat fresh food that came in contact with 4.58 0.65 Strongly Agree
floodwaters
Check the structural damage of the classroom to ensure that there is 4.62 0.60 Strongly Agree
no danger of structure collapse
Drinking water should be submitted to proper authorities for testing 4.61 0.65 Strongly Agree
Check classroom for electrical damage and open wires 4.64 0.61 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.60
SD=0.644
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 10shows the overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.636 with a variance of 0.3991 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3616 and kurtosis of 0.6675 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as to
mitigation has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 10:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of storm surge as
to mitigation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Know the storm surge risk zone and recommended for relocation of 4.59 0.65 Strongly Agree
the school
Obstruction of seawalls and storm surge breakers to protect the 4.59 0.64 Strongly Agree
buildings from storm surge strikes
Warn students to stay off the beach when weather disturbance exists 4.62 0.61 Strongly Agree
Ensure that everyone is familiar with identified escape routes of the 4.60 0.65 Strongly Agree

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school
Established evacuation plans and procedure 4.63 0.62 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.61
SD=0.636
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 11shows the overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.636 with a variance of 0.3991 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3616 and kurtosis of 0.6675 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to response
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 11:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to
response.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Keep The student calm and update the situation and safety reminders 4.59 0.65 Strongly Agree
on what to do in case of evacuation
Advise students to avoid areas prone to flash flooding and be 4.59 0.64 Strongly Agree
cautious of water covered roads, bridges and creeks
Evacuate the school community immediately if warned of an 4.62 0.61 Strongly Agree
impending landslide
Advise the students to stay away from the path of landslide debris 4.60 0.65 Strongly Agree
Get out of the school building as soon as possible when rumbling 4.63 0.62 Strongly Agree
sounds are heard from upstream
Weighted Mean=4.61
SD=0.636
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 12.shows the overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.633 with a variance of 0.3959 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3780 and kurtosis of 0.7169 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to
recovery/rehabilitation has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great
extent.

Table 12:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to
recovery/rehabilitation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Avoid affecting areas 4.59 0.64 Strongly Agree
Stay away from the landslide-prone area 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
Report broken utility lines immediately to the proper authorities 4.64 0.60 Strongly Agree

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Ensure that electrical appliances are checked by a competent 4.64 0.61 Strongly Agree
electrician
Continue to listen to radio or television and return home only when 4.64 0.60 Strongly Agree
the authorities indicate it is safe to do so
Weighted Mean=4.61
SD=0.633
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 13.shows the overall mean of 4.63 and has a standard deviation of 0.609 with a variance of 0.3694 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.4120 and kurtosis of 0.8847 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to mitigation
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 13:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of landslide as to
mitigation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Know the flood warning system in the school 4.59 0.64 Strongly Agree
Prepare the students for evacuation upon the direction of the proper 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
school authority
Switch off the electricity and lock the door after the students have 4.64 0.60 Strongly Agree
gone out
Have a handy survival kit 4.64 0.61 Strongly Agree
Plan grasses to cover slopes to prevent soil erosion 4.64 0.60 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.63
SD=0.609
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 14.shows the overall mean of 4.64 and has a standard deviation of 0.576 with a variance of 0.3324 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3755 and kurtosis of 0.8818 shows that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as to response
has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 14:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as
to response.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Direct the students to stay inside a structurally sound building 4.63 0.58 Strongly Agree
Advise the students to protect their body from falling debris by 4.63 0.58 Strongly Agree
bracing themselves in the doorway
Stay away from powerlines, post walls and other structures that may 4.66 0.55 Strongly Agree

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fall
Direct the students to move to an open area when they are outside the 4.63 0.60 Strongly Agree
building
Do not attempt to cross bridges that may have been damaged. 4.66 0.58 Strongly Agree
Weighted Mean=4.64
SD=0.576
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 15.shows the overall mean of 4.67 and has a standard deviation of 0.542 with a variance of 0.2918 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.3446 and kurtosis of 0.8476 show that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as to
recovery/rehabilitation. has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very
great extent.

Table 15:- Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as
to recovery/rehabilitation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Avoid affected areas 4.65 0.55 Strongly Agree
Get out calmly and in an orderly manner 4.68 0.51 Strongly Agree
Report broken utility lines immediately to the proper authority 4.65 0.54 Strongly Agree
Check the surrounding of the school 4.67 0.56 Strongly Agree
Continue to listen to the radio and local television and return home 4.68 0.54 Strongly Agree
when it is safe.
Weighted Mean=4.67
SD=0.542
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 16.shows the overall mean of 4.65 and has a standard deviation of 0.576 with a variance of 0.3224 indicating
how the data scores are homogenous to each other. The skewness of -1.4072 and kurtosis of 0.9931 show that the
Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as to
mitigation. has a highly symmetrical distribution with concentrated scores lies with 4-5 with a very great extent.

Table 16;-Assessment Level of Disaster Preparedness of the Students of Macalaya NHS in terms of earthquake as to
mitigation.
Statements Mean SD Verbal
Interpretation
Avoid affected areas 4.62 0.61 Strongly Agree
Get out calmly and in an orderly manner 4.66 0.56 Strongly Agree
Report broken utility lines immediately to the proper authority 4.65 0.55 Strongly Agree
Check the surrounding of the school 4.66 0.58 Strongly Agree

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Continue to listen to the radio and local television and return home 4.68 0.53 Strongly Agree
when it is safe.
Weighted Mean=4.65
SD=0.576
Verbal Interpretation =Very Great Extent
Legend
Scale Range Description Interpretation
5 4.20-5.00 Strongly Agree Very Great Extent
4 3.40-4.19 Agree Great Extent
3 2.60-3.39 Moderately Agree Moderately Extent
2 1.80-2.59 Disagree Low Extent
1 1.00-1.79 Strongly Disagree Very Low Extent

Table 17:- Correlation between the level of Natural Disaster and Disaster Preparedness of the students of Macalaya
NHS.
Natural 95% CI Degrees of
Disaster Assessment Correlation lower higher P-value Correlation
Response very low
Typhoon Recovery 0.097 -0.361 0.518 0.0683 correlation
Mitigation
Response slight
Landslide Recovery -0.385 -0.707 0.069 0.0093 correlation
Mitigation
Response very low
Storm surge Recovery -0.190 -0.584 0.276 0.0422 correlation
Mitigation
Response very low
Earthquake Recovery -0.161 -0.563 0.303 0.0499 correlation
Mitigation
Scale Interpretation
±0.00 No correlation, no relationship
±0.01 - ±0.20 Very low correlation,
±0.21 - ±0.40 Slight correlation,
±0.41 - ±0.70 Moderate correlation,
±0.71 - ±0.90 High correlation,
±0.91 - ±0.99 Very High correlation, very dependable relationship
±1 Perfect correlation, perfect relationship

Based on the data, it is shown that there is a “significant correlation between the level of natural disaster and disaster
preparedness of the students of Macalaya NHS” at 0.05 level of significance. It shows that the null hypothesis
stating that “there is no significant correlation between the level of natural disaster and disaster preparedness of the
students of Macalaya NHS” is rejected. Thus, the alternative hypothesis is accepted, it can infer that there is a
“significant” correlation between them.

Conclusion:-
The level of assessment against natural disasters of the students of Macalaya NHS in terms of preparedness,
response, recovery and mitigation is strongly necessary. Therefore, the hypothesis is not sustained.

Recommendations:-
In view of the findings and conclusion, the following recommendations were given:
1. The School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council must sustain the preparedness of the school.
2. Constant reminders and promotions about preparedness against natural disaster is a must.
3. Seminars and training among teachers and students should be given.
4. Future researchers may conduct a study focusing on the level of preparedness on large scale such as Municipality
or Province.

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References:-
A. Published Materials
1. Allen, Katrina. Community bases disaster preparedness and climate adaptation: local capacity building in the
Philippines. USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2020
2. Carcellar, Norberto et. al. Addressing Disaster Risk
3. Chen, Jim. Modern Disaster Theory: Evaluating Disaster Law as Portfolio of Legal Rules. Vol.25, 2011
4. Cox, Louis Anthony Jr. Community Resilience and Decision Theory Challenges for Catastrophic Events. Risk
Analysis, Vol 32, 2012
5. Department of Interior and Local Government, Balangkayan Eastern Samar, 2013
6. DepEd Order No. 55 the Disaster Risk reduction Resource Manual, 2008
7. Disaster Risk Reduction Resource Manual, 2008
B. Unpublished Materials
8. Dekens, Julie. Local Knowledge for Disaster Preparedness. Nepal, 2012
9. Denzin, Norman et. al. Handbook of Qualitative Research, SAGE publication, 2011C. Journal
10. Albrito, Paula. Making Cities Resilient. Increasing Resilience to Disaster at the Local Level. Journal of
Business Community and Emergency Planning. Vol. 5, 2012
11. Disaster Risk Reduction toolkit
C. Website
12. www.bbc.com. “Typhoon Haiyan”retrieved May 21, 2014.

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