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Subject:-: Community Health Nursing

By Kailash Nagar Assistant Professor Community health nursing Department Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Nadiad

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Kailash Nagar
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3K views18 pages

Subject:-: Community Health Nursing

By Kailash Nagar Assistant Professor Community health nursing Department Dinsha Patel College of Nursing, Nadiad

Uploaded by

Kailash Nagar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPSX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Subject:- Community

Health Nursing

Topic:- COLD CHAIN &


IMMUNISATION
PRESENTED BY,
SCHEDULEMR. KAILASH NAGAR
ASSIST. PROF.
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NSG.
DINSHA PATEL COLLEGE OF NURSING, NADIAD
Manufacturer
Cold Chain
Distributor
The ‘cold chain’ is the system of
transporting and storing vaccines at
recommended temperature from the Vaccin
e
point of manufacture to the point of use. Depots

Provider
office

Client
Why is the cold chain important ?
1. Vaccines are: 2. Assurance in potent

product and vaccine
Biological products
programmes
 lose potency with time  Professional
responsibility
 Process irreversible and  Confident the vaccines
accelerated if proper storage you give
conditions are not adhered to. will be effective
 Public Health
responsibility
3. Ensuring maximum benefit  Public confidence in
from immunisations immunisation programmes

Responsibility not to waste 4.Compliance with


scarce NHS resources SPC/Manufacturer
Reduce wastage from errors Any vaccine that has not been
stored at a temperature of 2-8ºC
as per its licensing conditions is
• Cold chain storage equipment

Walk in Deep Ice lined


cold rooms freezer refrigerator
s s
1.Walk in cold rooms(WIC)
At regional level
Storage up to 3 months

2.Deep freezers

At district & PHC levels


Temp :- -15oc to -25oc
At PHC, used only for the
preparation of ice packs
3.Ice lined refrigerators(ILR)

Both at district and PHC


levels
Temp :- +2oc to +8oc
ILR’s are top opening,
can hold cold air inside
better than front opening
refrigerators
Vaccine Stability
MOST
Sensitivity to HEAT
SENSITIVE
Sensitivity to COLD
BCG HepB and combination
Varicella DTand/or
MMR aP/IPV/HIB
MenC Influenza
Hepatitis B MenC
DT and/or *MMR
aP/IPV/HIB *Varicella
 Temperature must be LEAST *BCG
recorded twice in a day with SENSITIVE (*Freeze dried)
dial thermometer
Light Sensitive

Sensitive to strong light, sunlight, ultraviolet,


fluorescents (neon)
Vaccines should
BCG always be stored
in their original
MMR packaging until
Varic point of use to
ella protect them
Meningococcal C Conjugate from light
Most DTaP containing vaccines
Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections
Vaccine Storage
DON’T’s DO’
s
X No food or medical
 Use a dedicated vaccine fridge
specimens

 Safeguard electricity supply


X Do not place fridge in
direct sunlight or near heat
 No more than 50% full
source

 Place vaccines in clearly


X Do not store vaccines for labelled plastic mesh baskets
more than 1 month at PHC.
Group vaccines by type
X Do not store vaccines in (Paediatric, Adult, Adolescent)
fridge doors or in solid
plastic trays/containers  Defrost/calibrate fridge regularly
within the fridge
Ensure back up facilities are
X Keep vaccines away from Picture taken from www.medisave.co.uk available in the event of fridge
fridge walls and cold air failing
vents
Transporting Equipment

Cold Vaccin Day


boxes e carriers
carriers
 Used for transport of vaccines
1.Cold boxes  Fully frozen ice packs placed
at the bottom and sides
 DPT, TT, DT should not be kept
in direct contact

2.Vaccin
e
carriers

Used to carry small quantity


of vaccines(16 to 20 vials)
For out of reach sessions
4 icepacks are used
3.Day carriers

Used to carry very small


quantities of vaccines(6 to 8 vials)
For a near by session
2 icepacks are used
For only 2 hours period
Use of diluents
Specifically designed to
reconstitute the vaccines with
respect to volume, pH and other
chemical properties
Store at +2oc to +8oc in ILR
Only use vaccines suppled
and packaged by manufacturer
Vaccine Vial
Monitor(VVM)
VVM is a label containing heat sensitive
material that is placed on a vaccine
vial to register heat exposure over time

Vaccine vial
monitor
• Inner square Combined effects of time and
lighter than temperature cause the inner
Stage 1 outer circle square to darken gradually and
irreversibly
• Inner square VVM does not directly measure
still lighter than the vaccine potency but gives info
Stage 2 outer circle about the main factor that affects
potency
• Color of inner
square matches
Stage 3 the outer circle

• Color of inner
square darker
Stage 4 than outer circle
Immunization
schedule
Immunization is the
process whereby a
person is made
immune to an
infectious disease,
typically by the
administration of a
vaccine.

Controlling and eliminating life-threatening infectious diseases


Estimated to avert between 2 and 3 million deaths each year.
 One of the most cost-effective health investments
Accessible to even the most hard-to-reach and vulnerable
populations.
Active immunization/vaccination
has been named one of the

"Ten Great Public Health


Achievements in the 20th Century"

Accelerate control Strengthen routine


of vaccine- immunization to
preventable meet
diseases vaccination
Objectives of coverage targets
WHO in
immunization
Spur research and
Introduce new development for
and improved the next generation
vaccines of vaccines
and
Immunization
Schedule

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