Crop Protection (150 items)
1. It is a science that deals with the nature, causes, and control plant diseases:
a. entomology
b. agronomy
c. plant pathology😃
d. horticulture
2. The art of plant pathology which determines the severity and prevalence of diseases.
a. disease monitoring
b. disease forecasting
c. disease assessment😙
d. disease diagnosis
3. The ultimate objective of plant pathology.
a. minimize or reduce plant disease 😙
b. identify plant disease
c. survey plant disease
d. measure plant disease
4. Moldy grains that are discolored and carry off-odors suffer a reduction in one of the following.
a. quantity
b. quality😙
c. loss mutants
d. disease
5. This is a mycotoxin produced by Apergillus flavus attacking stored grains
a. ochratoxin
b. yellow rice toxin
c. aflatoxin😙
d. penicillic acid
6. One adverse effect of applying pesticides which can effect the beneficial organisms, water sources,
and plants.
a. ecological imbalance
b. pest resurgence
c. pest resistance
d. environmental contamination😙
7. The Greeks, Hebrews and Romans considered plant diseases as a by God for wrongs and sins
committed.
a. payment
b. curse or punishment😙
c. sacrifice
d. admonition
8. The invention of the_______© in 1590 triggered the beginning of scientific studies in plant pathology.
a. compound microscope😙
b. electron microscope
c. lenses
d. fungicides
9. Heinrich Anton de Bary the father of the plant pathology, showed that a fungus, was the cause of leaf
blight of potato
a. Phytophthora infestans😙
b. Plasmopara viticola
c. Sclerotium rolfsii
d. none of the above
10. The Koch’s Postulates is a set of 4 rules that must be satisfied to prove the of a microorganism
a. disease😙
b. pathogenicity
c. survival
d. severity
11. , the first fungicide, is a mixture of copper sulfate and lime.
a. saline solution
b. Bordeaux mixture😙
c. borax solution
d. benomyl
12. The cause of diseases which Burill and Smith worked on
a. fungi
b. viruses
c. bacteria😙
d. nematodes
13. Bacteria were first shown to be able to incite plant disease in
a. potato leaf blight
b. rice bacterial blight
c. fire blight of apple and pears😙
d. taro blight
14. In 1971, Diener determined that potato spindle tuber disease was caused by a
a. virus
b. fungus
c. bacteria
d. viroid😙
15. Mycoplasma like organisms were first reported to cause in Japan.
a. peach yellows
b. aster yellows😙
c. cadang-cadang
d. corn stunt
16. is a harmful alteration of the normal physiological and biochemical development of a plant
a. injury
b. disease😙
c. pathogenesis
d. colonization
17. is a sharply defined variegated color pattern
a. mottle
b. chlorosis
c. mosaic😙
d. etiolation
18. refer to the structures of the pathogen that are found associated with the infected host
a. symptoms
b. spores
c. mycelia
d. signs😙
19. symptoms involve the death of protoplast, cells or tissues
a. necrotic
b. hyperplastic😙
c. hypertophic
d. histological
20. is characterized by perforations in leaf as lesions drop out
a. shot-hole😙
b. leaf spot
c. blight
d. scab
21. Sign of a pathogen include
a. ooze😙
b. yellowing
c. etiolation
d. galls
22. The identification of specific plant diseases through their characteristic symptoms and signs is
a. detection
b. diagnosis😙
c. control
d. assessment
23. Yellowing due to lack of light is
a. etiolation😙
b. chlorosis
c. sunscalding
d. scorch
24. A disease caused by too much bright light along with high temperatures is
a. etiolation
b. sunscalding😙
c. water logging
d. chlorosis
25. An example of air pollutant is
a. fog
b. smoke
c. ozone
d. smog😙
26. nematodes feed only on root hairs and root tips
a. endoparasitic
b. ectoparasitic😙
c. sedentary
d. migratory
27. are pleomorphic microorganisms without cell walls
a. bacteria
b. mycoplasma
c. viroids😙
d. fungi
28. Citrus exocortis and cadang-cadang are believed to be caused by
a. viroids😙
b. mycoplasma
c. viruses
d. fastidious vascular bacteria
29. Agrobactrium tumefaciens causes disease of many plants
a. root rot
b. crown gall😙
c. stunting
d. scab
30. Viruses are usually spread by__________ in the field
a. fungi
b. insects😙
c. nematodes
d. bacteria
31. are wide-scale appraisal of the severity and prevalence of diseases in the country, a region or a
continent.
a. disease survey😙
b. disease diagnosis
c. disease monitoring
d. disease incidence
32. Fungi are spore-forming, achlorophyllous microorganisms with a filamentous vegetative body called
a. spores
b. hyphae😙
c. sclerotia
d. chlamydospore
33. are the most common infectious agent of plant disease
a. fungi😙
b. viruses
c. bacteria
d. nematodes
34. An example of phanerogams is
a. witchweed😙
b. downy mildew
c. soft rot of cabbage
d. mango anthracnose
35. Rice tungro is caused by a virus transmitted by
a. green leafhopper😙
b. brown leafhopper
c. aphids
d. mealybugs
36. The ability of the parasites/pathogen to cause disease is
a. pathogenesis
b. pathogenicity😙
c. pathogenic
d. aggressiveness
37. Parasites that could grow and reproduce only in living hosts
a. facultative saprophyte
b. saprophyte
c. obligate parasite 😙
d. facultative parasite
38. The following are events occurring in pathogenesis except
a. survival phase😙
b. inoculation
c. penetration
d. infection
39. The following are possible sources of inoculum of except
a. plant debris
b. propagative organs
c. nearby plants😙
d. tissue cultured plants
40. The following are stages in pathogen dissemination except
a. penetration😙
b. liberation
c. light deposition
41. Biotic factor that may affect pathogen penetration
a. RH
b. temperature
c. tension
d. antagonistic microorganisms😙
42. Not a mechanism of bacterial penetration to host
a. direct penetration 😙
b. through stomata
c. through hydathodes
d. through wounds
43. A soil that contains a variety of antagonistic microorganism that produce toxic metabolites and
cause pathogen starvation
a. acidic soil
b. basic soil
c. suppressive soil😙
d. favorable soil
44. The incapability of spores of soil-borne fungi to germinate in some soil due to the existence of a
variety of antagonistic microorganism
a. cross protection
b. fungistasis😙
c. fungistatic
d. suppressive
45. The time interval between inoculation and the appearance of disease symptoms
a. incubation period😙
b. latent period
c. sporulation
d. half-life
46. Type of disease cycle where the pathogen completes only one or even part of one disease cycle in
one growing season
a. macrocyclic
b. polycyclic
c. monocyclic😙
d. microcyclic
47. The usual effect of root rotting fungi in plants is on the
a. translocation of organic compounds through the phloem
b. increase transpiration
c. change in production of host
d. interference with uptake of water and inorganic elements from the soil😙
48. Leaf-infecting plants pathogens usually
a. interfere with the translocation of organic compounds
b. reduce the photosynthetic activity😙
c. cause hyperplastic symptoms such as galls
d. affect host reproduction
49. The following are mechanical weapons used by pathogens to penetrate tissue except:
a. toxins😙
b. stylet
c. penetration peg
d. appressorium
50. Chemical substance produce by the pathogen that act directly on living host protoplasts seriously
damaging or killing the cells of the plant
a. enzymes
b. toxins😙
c. hormones
d. phytoalexin
51. The following pathogen enzymes degrade plant cell wall substance except
a. pectinases
b. hemicellulases
c. cellulases
d. isozymes😙
52. The following substances usually affect growth of cells except:
a. auxins
b. gibberellins
c. cutinases😙
d. cytokinins
53. The following are mechanism of variability in fungi except
a. transduction😙
b. parasexualism
c. heterokaryosis
d. heteroploidy
54. The following is a sexual like process in bacteria
a. heteroploidy
b. transduction😙
c. heterokaryosis
d. parasexualism
55. The concept that say” for each gene that confers virulence/avirulence to the pathogen there is a
corresponding gene in the host that confer resistant to the host and vice-versa
a. Koch’s postulates
b. gene-for-gene concept😙
c. the law of relativity
d. Malthuslan concept
56. The following are pre-existing host defenses except:
a. phytoalexin production
b. presence of thick cuticle
c. small stomatal openings😙
d. presence of phenolic compounds near the point of attack
57. The following are induced defenses of the host in response to pathogen attack except:
a. formation of abscission layers
b. hypersensitive reaction
c. thick cuticle😙
d. systemic acquired resistance
58. The rapid death of cells immediately surrounding the point of infection thereby walling off the
pathogen and the activation of a cascade of biological reactions in the attacked and the surrounding
plant cells
a. systemic acquired resistance (SAR)
b. hypertensive response (HR)😙
c. oxidative burst
d. susceptibility
59. Toxic antimicrobial substances produced in appreciable amounts in plants only after stimulation by
various types of phytopathogens or by chemical or mechanical injury
a. elicitors
b. antibiotics
c. phytoalexins😙
d. toxins
60. Antibodies that are encoded by animal genes but produced in transgenic plants that makes the plant
resistant to the virus where the antibody was derived
a. antigenic determinant
b. plantibodies😙
c. golgi bodies
d. immunoglobulins
61. Resistance that spread systemically and develop in distal untreated parts of the plant which is not
non-specific or generalized resistance
a. systemic acquired resistance (SAR) 😙
b. local acquired resistance (LAR)
c. hypertensive resistance (HR)
d. induced resistance (IR)
62. The study of the increase of the disease on a population and the factors that influence them
a. epidemic
b. epidemiology😙
c. demography
d. geology
63. The following are components of an epidemic except
a. susceptible host
b. favorable environment
c. avirulent pathogen😙
d. man as a manager of the system
64. An epidemic would more likely develop in
a. perennial woody plant
b. widespread planting of a single variety😙
c. planting multilines
d. mature plants
65. Epidemic would less likely develop in this condition
a. prolonged or repeated high moisture
b. dense planting
c. high O2 tension😙
d. aerially dispersed fungal spores
66. Roguing virus-infected plants in the field falls under what principle of plant disease control?
a. exclusion
b. eradication😙
c. protection
d. immunization
67. Control of disease through crop rotation is what method of control measure?
a. sanitation
b. physical method
c. cultural method 😙
d. biological method
68. Irradication of fruits with gamma rays falls under what method of plant disease control
a. sanitation
b. physical😙
c. chemical
d. biological
69. Soil fumigation to control Moko disease of banana falls under method of control?
a. physical
b. biological
c. sanitation
d. chemical😙
70. You were required to leave at the airport the planting material you carried from abroad. What
principle of plant disease control was applied?
a. exclusion😙
b. immunization
c. eradication
d. protection
71. The following are considered infrasubspecific taxa of pathogen except:
a. race
b. biotype
c. formae speciales
d. family😙
72. Proper fertilization of soils falls under what method of control?
a. chemical
b. cultural😙
c. sanitation
d. host resistance
73. The following are the basis of classifying weeds except
a. gross morphology
b. habit life cycle
c. growth habit
d. anatomy😙
74. Itchgrass is the English name of
a. Echinochloa colona
b. Eleusine indica
c. Echinochloa glabrescens
d. Rottboellia cochinchinensis😙
75. The following are the vegetative structure of weeds except
a. flowers😙
b. branches
c. tillers
d. leaves
76. Competition only occurs when there is
a. limited amount of light and nutrients
b. inadequate water supply
c. limited amount of C2O and space
d. all of the above😙
77. Allelophatic substance are equated to
a. allelochemicals😙
b. secondary metabolites
c. allosomes
d. all of the above
78. The most popular herbicide we have today which was discovered in 1944 is
a. gramoxone
b. 2,4-D😙
c. atrazine
d. glyphosate
79. Weeds occupies the
a. 1st tropic level😙
b. 2nd tropic level
c. 3rd tropic level
d. 4th tropic level
80. The suspended growth of the embryo is due to
a. dormancy😙
b. germination
c. respiration
d. photosynthesis
81. The technical term for weed establishment is
a. ecstasy
b. ecases
c. ecesis😙
d. evasis
82. The physical form of dormancy is brought about the presence of
a. inhibitors in the seed coat
b. inhibitors in the embryo
c. immature embryo
d. thick hull😙
e. all of the above
83. The density of weed above which significant yield reduction will occur is called
a. critical period
b. critical time duration
c. critical threshold😙
d. critical stage
84. The following are the growth habit of a weed except
a. tree😙
b. vine or herb
c. shrub or tree
d. herbaceous and woody
85. Classification of weeds based on gross morphology includes except
a. epiphytic😙
b. sedge
c. grass
d. broadleaf
86. The following are the characteristic of a sedges except
a. triangular stem
b. parallel leaf venation
c. monocot
d. hollow stem😙
87. The following are considered allelopathic substances except
a. icoline
b. marasmin
c. phytoncide
d. meristem😙
88. These structure are found in grass weed except
a. ligule
b. node
c. internode
d. tubers😙
89. purple nutsedge is
a. perennial
b. terrestrial
c. monocot
d. all of the above😙
90. Physiological dormancy may be overcome by
a. after ripening process😙
b. stratification
c. exposure to light
d. all of the above
91. The following are the steps involves in germination except
a. shoot emergence
b. root emergence
c. inhibition 😙
d. rapid metabolism
92. Example of germination promoters are the following except
a. auxin
b. KNO3
c. ABA
d. all of the above😙
93. The following are the example of underground vegetative structures that may be used for weed
propagation
a. rhizomes
b. tubers
c. stolons
d. all of the above😙
94. The asexual reproduction of weed is greatly affected by the following factors except
a. light
b. soil
c. mineral
d. temperature😙
95. Dispersal unit of weed includes
a. rhizomes
b. seed
c. tuber
d. all of the above😙
96. An example of aquatic weed is
a. E. crassipes😙
b. E. indica
c. E. sonchifolia
d. E. hirta
97. The weed structure facilitating dispersal include
a. burs
b. spines
c. hooks
d. all of the above😙
98. Efficient plants possess the following traits except
a. KRANTZ structure😙
b. low water requirement
c. photorespiration
d. high light intensity saturation point
99. The C3 plants are characterized by the following except
a. high CO2 compensation point
b. low CO2 compensation point😙
c. low light intensity saturation point
d. absence of KRANTZ structure
100. The oldest form of weed control is
a. biological
b. mechanical
c. chemical
d. manual😙
101. Mycoherbicides are made up of
a. bacterial spores
b. egg of nematodes
c. virus particles
d. fungal particles😙
102. Collego is made up of spores of
a. Cercospora
b. Curvularia
c. Colletotrichum😙
d. Helminthosporium
103. Good biological weed control agents possess the following traits except
a. ability to search for the host
b. specific
c. ability to adapt to the environment
d. slow pace of reproduction😙
104. The following are considered cultural methods of weed control except
a. use of mulching materials
b. use of rotary weeder
c. flooding😙
d. choice of variety
105. Considered as the most efficient agent of weed dissemination is
a. wind
b. water😙
c. carabao
d. Mang Juan
106. The most limiting factor for competition in tropical countries especially during dry season is
a. soil pH
b. soil moisture😙
c. sunlight
d. nitrogen
107. Intraspecific type of competition is exhibited by
a. rice vs. jungle rice😙
b. E. colona vs. E. glabrescus
c. itchgrass vs. Rottboellia cochinchinensis
d. all of the above
108. What is the branch of science which deals with the study of insects?
a. zoology
b. ornithology
c. acarology
d. entomology😙
109. In what year entomological study first started in the Philippines?
a. 1816😙
b. 1618
c. 1718
d. 1810
110. Which nationality did a lot of insect collections in the Philippines?
a. French
b. American
c. German😙
d. Swedish
111. Hemitera Insularum Philippinarum and Dle Schmetterlings der philippinischen Inseln are both
milestones in:
a. Philippine entomology😙
b. Philippine acarology
c. Philippine botany
d. Philippine zoology
112. All but one describes the importance of insects to man and agriculture:
a. production of many agricultural crops
b. provide food and other products of commercial values
c. cause enormous losses to agricultural crops
d. all acts as vectors of disease-causing organisms to plants, animals and human beings😙
113. All the following are distinguishing features of insects except:
a. three body regions
b. three pairs of legs
c. two pairs of antennae😙
d. one to two pairs of wings
114. Considered as locomotory region of the insect body
a. head
b. thorax😙
c. abdomen
d. all of the above
115. Which one is not an organ/structure in the head
a. antennae
b. compound eyes
c. spiracles😙
d. simple eye
116. Basic unit structure of the compound eye
a. ocelllus😙
b. ommatidium
c. tympanum
d. labium
117. Appendages found in the thorax except:
a. wings
b. legs
c. both a and b
d. none of the above😙
118. All of the following are insect mouthparts except
a. labium
b. mandible
c. maxillae
d. tibia😙
119. All the following are types of insect antennae except
a. aristate
b. plumose
c. moniliform
d. hamuli😙
120. All are modifications of clubbed type of antennae
a. clavate
b. capitate
c. flabellate
d. geniculate😙
121. All are modifications of clubbed type of antennae
a. clavate
b. capitate
c. flabellate
d. genicullate😙
122. All are external processes of the body wall except
a. scales
b. quinones
c. setae
d. spurs😙
123. Type of mouthparts of which the cranium is turned upward on the neck so that the mouthparts are
directed forward
a. hypognathus
b. opisthognathous
c. prognathus😙
d. hypergnathus
124. All are haustellate type of mouthparts except
a. mouthparts of thrips
b. mouthparts of bugs
c. mouthparts of fleas
d. mouthparts of grasshopper😙
125. Which one is not a part of the insect leg
a. femur
b. trochanter
c. tibia
d. cerci😙
126. Saltatorial type of legs is modified for
a. grasping
b. clinging😙
c. swimming
d. cutting
127. All are coupling devices in insect wing except
a. frenulum
b. hamuli
c. arolium😙
d. jugum
128. Type of wing which the 2/3 or ¼ of the forewing is parchment-like while the remaining distal part is
membranous
a. elytron
b. hemyletron😙
c. tegmina
d. humeral
129. Type of metamorphosis with three stage of development-egg, nymph and adult
a. ametabolous
b. hemimetabolous😙
c. holometabolous
d. none of the above
130. Type of metamorphosis with four stages of development-egg, larva, pupa and adult
a. ametabolous
b. hemimetabolous
c. holometabolous😙
d. none of the above
131. Aquatic immature stage of hemimetabolous insect
a. nalad
b. nymph😙
c. pupa
d. larva
132. Quiescent or inactive stage of holometabolous insect
a. larva
b. pupa😙
c. nymph
d. adult
133. Destructive stages of insect development except
a. nymph
b. larva
c. adult
d. pupa😙
134. Science of classification
a. lobotomy
b. taxonomy😙
c. dichotomy
d. none of the above
135. Branch of science which deals how organisms are related to each other and attempt to describe the
underlying reasons for that relationship
a. taxonomy
b. systematics😙
c. nomenclature
d. none of the above
136. The fundamental unit of classification. It is also defined as the smallest group capable of
reproduction and production of fertile offsprings.
a. genus
b. family
c. species😙
d. order
137. A tool that unlock the door to identification of an unknown organism
a. nomenclature
b. key😙
c. systematics
d. taxonomy
138. All are morphological characteristic used to distinguish insect orders except
a. wings
b. mouthparts
c. antennae
d. body wall😙
139. Which insect order do butterflies, moths and skippers belong?
a. hymenoptera
b. homoptera
c. Lepidoptera😙
d. coleopteran
140. Which insect order do beetles and weevils belong?
a. hymenoptera
b. homoptera
c. Lepidoptera
d. coleopteran😙
141. Which insect order do bugs, aphids, mealybugs, leafhoppers and planthoppers belong?
a. hymenoptera
b. homoptera😙
c. Lepidoptera
d. coleopteran
142. Which insect order do flies, mosquitoes and gnats belong?
a. hymenoptera
b. diptera😙
c. isoptera
d. odonata
143. Which order do dragonflies and damselflies belong?
a. ephemeroptera
b. odonata😙
c. phtiraptera
d. thysanoptera
144. All the following insect orders are beneficial except
a. hymenoptera
b. mantodea
c. odonata
d. isopteran😙
145. All of the following orders are destructive to plant except
a. lepidoptera
b. coleoptera
c. homoptera
d. neuroptera😙
146. Which insect order do grasshopper, locusts and katy belong?
a. phasmatodea
b. orthoptera😘
c. blattodea
d. mantodea
147. Which insect order do earwigs belong?
a. mantodea
b. thysanura
c. dermaptera😙
d. coleopteran
148. All of the following are pest except
a. weeds
b. insects
c. plant pathogens
d. spider😙
149. An insect which interferes with the production of crops and animals either directly or indirectly
a. insect pest😙
b. insect pollinator
c. insect decomposer
d. none of the above
150. The level of pests which will cause economic damage is defined as
a. economic threshold level
b. economic injury level😙
c. economic inhibition level
d. all of the above
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