MBA ADMISSION TEST PREPARATION

 
Parts of Speech

All words belong to categories called parts of speech according to the part they play in a
sentence. The main word classes in English are listed below.

1) Noun : A noun is a word that identifies:

A person (man, girl, engineer, friend etc.)
A thing (horse, wall, flower, country)
An idea, quality, or state (anger, courage, life, luckiness)

2) Verb: A verb describes what a person or thing does or what happens. For example, verbs
describe:
An action – jump, stop, explore
An event – snow, happen
A situation – be, seem, have
a change – evolve, shrink, widen

3) Adjective: An adjective is a word that describes a noun, giving extra information about
it. For example: an exciting adventure, a green apple, a tidy room

4) Adverb: An adverb is a word that’s used to give information about a verb, adjective, or
other adverb. They can make the meaning of a verb, adjective, or other adverb stronger or
weaker, and often appear between the subject and its verb (She nearly lost everything.)

5) Pronoun: Pronouns are used in place of a noun that is already known or has already been
mentioned. This is often done in order to avoid repeating the noun. For example:
Laura left early because she was tired.
Anthony brought the avocados with him.
That is the only option left.
Something will have to change.

6) Preposition: A preposition is a word such as after, in, to, on, and with. Prepositions are
usually used in front of nouns or pronouns and they show the relationship between the
noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. They describe, for example, the position
of something, the time when something happens, or the way in which something is done.

7) Conjunction: A conjunction (also called a connective) is a word such as and, because,

but, for, if, or, and when. Conjunctions are used to connect phrases clauses and sentences.

8) Exclamation/Interjection: An exclamation (also called an interjection) is a word or

phrase that expresses strong emotion, such as surprise, pleasure, or anger. Exclamations

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often stand on their own and in writing they are usually followed by an exclamation mark
rather than a full stop.

Class Practice 1: Decide which parts of speech are the underlined words

1. You have to believe in yourself if you ever expect to be successful at something.

2. We left for the mountain just before six in the morning.
3. We first went to the store to buy a few things. preposition
4. We had a breakfast at a café near the rail station.
5. My friend wasn't strong enough to lift his heavy rucksack.
6. I helped him carry it.
7. The weather was very cold.
8. My friend said, "Oh! What a cold weather!"
9. We didn't spend the night there.
10. We got back home late at night but we didn't go to sleep immediately. We were very
hungry.

NOUNS

Traditional grammarians define a noun as "a person, place, thing, or idea." For example-Child
designates a person; therefore, child is a noun.

Similarly, democracy designates an idea; therefore, democracy is a noun. In addition,

1) Nouns can be identified by the presence of signal words such as the. Example: Someone
stole the car.
2) Often, suffixes will suggest that a word is a noun. For example, -tion, -ness, -ment, or - er
at the end of a word usually signify that the word is a noun, as in suggestion, happiness,
involvement, and diner.
3) Nouns may be made plural, usually with the suffix -s or -es, as in books and foxes.
4) Nouns show ownership with the addition of an apostrophe and, sometimes, an
additional -s, as in a book's pages, twenty students' essays.
5) Nouns may be countable (1 fork, 2 forks, 3 forks, etc.) or non-countable (sugar, oil).

Classification of Nouns

 Proper noun: A proper noun is a name that identifies a particular person, place, or thing,
For example- Steven, Africa, London, Monday etc. In written English, proper nouns
begin with capital letters.

 Common noun: A common noun is a noun that refers to people or things in general such
as- boy, country, bridge, city, birth, day, happiness.

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 Concrete noun: A concrete noun is a noun which refers to people and to things that exist
physically and can be seen, touched, smelled, heard, or tasted. Examples include dog,
building, coffee, tree, rain, beach, tune etc.

 Abstract noun: An abstract noun is a noun which refers to ideas, qualities,

and conditions - things that cannot be seen or touched and things which have
no physical reality, such as- truth, danger, happiness, time, friendship, humor etc.

 Collective nouns: Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things, e.g. audience,
family, government, team, jury.

Please Note: A noun may belong to more than one category. For example, happiness is both a
common noun and an abstract noun, while Mount Everest is both a concrete noun and a proper
noun.

Functions of Nouns
  
As a subject of a sentence – 1) Joe ate some meatballs. 2) Tomal is in the kitchen
  
As an object of a sentence – 1) They collected some materials. 2) He bought Farhan a big house
  
As a direct object of a sentence – 1. They purchased some chocolates.
  
As an indirect object of a sentence – 1) The teacher gave the class a tough assignment.
  
As a subject complement of a sentence– 1) Fardin is the best student.
  
As an object complementof a sentence- 1) We elected him captain. 2) He named the dog
 
“Kitty”

 As an object of preposition of a sentence- 1) We all were fond of sweets. 2) They fell in love of
stylish jackets.

 known to all. 2) Mother Teresa,
As an appositive of a sentence- 1) Safa Kabir, an actor, is well
an egalitarian, is a prominent figure of Indian subcontinent.

Count Noun and Non-count Noun:

Nouns can be either countable or uncountable. Countable nouns (or count nouns) are those that
refer to something that can be counted. They have both singular and plural forms (for example-
cat/cats; woman/women; country/countries). In the singular, they can be preceded by a or an.
Most nouns come into this category. A smaller number of nouns do not typically refer to things
that can be counted and so they do not regularly have a plural form: these are known as
uncountable nouns (or mass nouns). Examples include: rain, flour, earth, wine, or wood.
Uncountable nouns can't be preceded by a or an. Many abstract nouns are typically uncountable,
for example- happiness, truth, darkness, humor etc.

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Class practice 2: Decide the noun below whether it is countable or uncountable

1. The children are playing in the garden.

2. I don't like milk.
3. I prefer tea.
4. Scientists say that the environment is threatened by pollution.
5. My mother uses butter to prepare cakes.
6. There are a lot of windows in our classroom.
7. We need some glue to fix this vase.
8. The waiters in this restaurant are very professional.
9. My father drinks two big glasses of water every morning.
10. The bread my mother prepares is delicious.
11. Drivers must be careful; the road is slippery.
12. Some policemen are organizing road traffic to avoid any accidents.
13. I bought three bottles of mineral water for our picnic.
14. I'd like some juice please!
15. Successful candidates will join the camp later this year.

Some uncountable nouns can be used in the plural as well, depending on the meaning or
context of the word. Take a look at these sentences:

Would you like some coffee? uncountable because it's referring to the drink in
general
He ordered a coffee. countable, because it's referring to a cup of coffee
There's no truth in the rumours. uncountable, because it refers to the quality or state
of being true
The fundamental truths about human countable, because it's referring to facts or beliefs
nature. that are true

Quantity Words/ Determiners

A determiner is a word that introduces a noun, such as a/an, the, every, this, those, or many (as
in a dog, the dog, this dog, those dogs, every dog, many dogs). The determiner the is
sometimes known as the definite article and the determiner a (or an) as the indefinite article.
Please have a look on the following-

With countable singular nouns

 each- each computer, every -every computer, another-another computer

With countable plural nouns

 several-several printers, a large/small number of-a large number of printers. a small

number of printers, (not/too) many-not many printers, too many printers, many printers,
a few*- a few printers, (very) few*- very few printers, few printers, fewer- fewer printers

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With uncountable nouns

 a great deal of- a great deal of paper, a large/small amount of- a large amount of paper,
a small amount of paper, (not/too) much- not much paper, too much paper, much paper,
a little*- a little paper, (very) little*- very little paper, little paper, less- less paper

With countable plural nouns and with uncountable nouns

 some- some printers, some ink

 any- any printers, any ink
 a lot of - a lot of printers, a lot of ink
 hardly any- hardly any printers, hardly any ink
 (almost) all- (almost) all printers, (almost) all ink
 no- no printers, no ink
 none of- none of the printers, none of the ink
 not any-not any printers, not any ink
 other-other printers, other ink

*Note the difference between few/little (almost none) and a few/a little (some, but not
Many/much). Few/little tend to have a negative connotation. A few/a little tend to be more
positive.

 There are few solutions. (There are not many solutions.)

 There are a few solutions. (There are some solutions.)
 He received little education. (He did not receive much education.)
 He received a little education. (He received some education.)

Class Practice 3: choose the best option.

1) Is there ____ cheese left?

a) Any b) A c) Some d) One
2) To make pancakes we need ___ eggs and some flour.
a) A b) An c) Any d) Some
3) Would you like ___ tea?
a) any b) some c) Many d) far
4) How ___ money do we have left?
a) Long b) Much c) Many d) Far
5) How ___ cars are we taking?
a) Long b) Much c) Many d) far
6) How ___ glasses of wine did you drink?
a) many b) a lot of c) much d) long
7) Excuse me. I need ___ information about trains to Guadalajara.
a) some b) many c) any d) much
8) Do you know ___ good restaurants near here?
a) some b) a c) much d) any
9) For lunch today I had a salad and ___ piece of pizza.

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a) a b) some c) many d) one
10) Billy: Would you like some more wine, Darling? Sally: Yes, please but just ________.

a) a small b) a c) many d) any

Singular Noun and Plural Noun

Nouns used only in the singular: Some nouns are used only in the singular, even though they
end in -s. These include: the names of academic subjects such as classics, economics,
mathematics/maths, physics; the physical activities gymnastics and aerobics; the diseases
measles and mumps; and the word news:

Maths was never my best subject at school.

Aerobics is great fun – you should try it!

Nouns used only in the plural: Some nouns only have a plural form. They cannot be used with
numbers. They include the names of certain tools, instruments and articles of clothing which
have two parts.

Tools and instruments Clothing

binoculars headphones Sunglasses Jeans pyjamas tights
Glasses Scissors Tweezers Knickers shorts trousers

Examples-

I’ve got new sunglasses. Do you like them?

He always wears shorts, even in the winter.

A pair of- We can use “pair of” to refer to one example of these nouns:

I bought a new pair of binoculars last week.

That old pair of trousers will be useful for doing jobs in the garden.
We use pairs of to refer to more than one example of this type of noun:
They’re advertising two pairs of glasses for the price of one.
I bought three pairs of shorts for the summer.

Other nouns which are always plural in form

Belongings Outskirts Clothes Premises Congratulations Savings

(buildings) (money)
Goods Likes/dislikes Thanks Surroundings Stairs Earnings

Example:
Please ensure that you take all your belongings with you as you leave the aircraft.
They live on the outskirts of Frankfurt, almost in the countryside.
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My clothes are wet. I’ll have to go upstairs and change.
She spent all her savings on a trip to South America.

Collective nouns (group words)

Some nouns refer to groups of people (such as- audience, committee, government, team etc).
These are sometimes called collective nouns. Some collective nouns can take a singular or plural
verb, depending on whether they are considered as a single unit or as a collection of individuals:

audience crew Public company government

committee enemy Team Manchester United

Compare

seen as a single unit seen as individuals

The audience was larger than average and the The audience were all cheering wildly.
concert was a success.
The government is hoping that online voting The government are all very nervous about the
will attract more young people to vote. report, which will be published tomorrow.
Manchester United is the world’s most Manchester United are looking forward to
famous football club. meeting Valencia in the final next week.

In general, a plural verb is more common with these nouns in informal situations. Look at
the following singular and plural nouns;

Singular Noun Datum Radius Appendix Referendum Child Foot Alumnus

Plural Noun data Radii appendices referenda Children Feet alumni

Class Practice 4: choose the best option

1. The men sharpened their _____________ before throwing them at the targets.
a) knife b) knifes c) knives
2. Please eat the rest of your _____________.
a) pease b) Peas c) Peies
3. I’d like you to stop leaving your ________________ on the floor.
a) Socks b) Sockses d) Sox
4. We saw a lot of _________________ at the park.
a) Deers b) Deeries c) Deer
5. I have three (child, children).
6. There are five (man, men) and one (woman, women).
7. (Baby, Babies) play with bottles as toys.
8. I put two big (potato, potatoes) in the lunch box.

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9. A few men wear (watch, watches).
10. I put a (memo, memos) on the desk.
11. I saw a (mouse, mice) running by.
12. There are few (bus, buses) on the road today.

PRONOUNS

Pronouns are words that substitute for nouns. Every pronoun must have a clear antecedent (the
word for which the pronoun stands). Kinds of pronoun are enumerated below-

Personal Pronouns:

SINGULAR PLURAL
subjective objective possessive subjective objective possessive
st
1 person I me my, mine We us our, ours
nd
2 person You you your, yours you you your, yours
rd
3 person He him His they them their, theirs
she her her, hers
it it its

Example in a sentence:
Subjective case – She met Paul at the club. The third woman in the line is she.
Objective case- Mary wants us at the conference. I will not tell them anything about the
accident.
Possessive case – Eleanor, Please bring me my orange scarf. That orange scarf is mine.
Demonstrative Pronouns: This, That –singular, These, Those – Plural. Demonstrative pronouns
can also be used as determiners. Example- Hand me that hammer. (That describes the noun
hammer). Demonstrative pronouns can also be used as qualifiers: Example- She wanted that
much money? (That describes the adjective much)

Reflexive / Intensive Pronouns: The "self" pronouns. These pronouns can be used only to
reflect or intensify a word already there in the sentence. Reflexive / intensive pronouns
CANNOT REPLACE personal pronouns. Look at the following examples-

I saw myself in the mirror. (Myself is a reflexive pronoun, reflecting the pronoun I.)
I’ll do it myself. (Myself is an intensive pronoun, intensifying the pronoun I.)

Note: The following words are substandard and should not be used:

theirselves theirself hisself ourself

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Indefinite Pronouns: Singular

One Someone Anyone no one everyone

Each Somebody Anybody nobody everybody
(n)either Something anything nothing everything

Examples- Somebody is coming to dinner. Neither of us believes a word Harry says.

Plural: both, few, several

Examples- Both are expected at the airport at the same time. Several have suggested canceling
the meeting.

Indefinite pronouns use apostrophes to indicate possessive case. Examples- The accident is
nobody’s fault. How will the roadwork affect one's daily commute?

Interrogative Pronouns: Who, Whose, Whom, Which, What. Interrogative pronouns produce
information questions that require more than a “yes” or “no” answer. Examples-

What do you want?

Who is there?

Relative Pronouns: Who, Whose, That, Which. Relative pronouns introduce relative
(adjectival) clauses. Examples-

This is the person whom I love.

The person who gets the highest score gets the gold medal.
The car that we bought doesn’t run well.

Please note : Relative pronoun has been explained a bit in detail in the next section.
Class Practice 5: Choose the best option

1. I/me have analyzed the stocks of famous company very cautiously.

2. Very few students can reach he/him/himself as he is one of the excellent teachers we
have ever seen.
3. This had been they/them who couldn’t solve the math part of exam.
4. The pious were very busy with him/he/his attitude for they/them/their had a severe
doubt on he/him/his.
5. The Japanese are very adroit at identifying them/their/theirs problems by
them/themselves/theirsleves.
6. They/them girls had made a severe mistake while performing the solo dance.
7. Each of the mentors is requested to strictly follow him/his/their own style to make a
difference in lecture delivery.

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8. Among the Chinese and we/us who have never gone to sea, only the Chinese can swim
faster than us/we.
9. Mr. Jafran could accomplish the tasks as quickly as she/her/hers.
10. We couldn’t predict the chances of him/his/hims getting the Nobel Peace Prize.
11. Most of the Bangladeshi Bachelors living in the U.S.A like Albi Mahmud are supposed to
wash the clothes by theirsleves/themselves/himself.
12. Rafsan’/Rafsan’s/Rafsan joining the Dhaka University as a lecturer was not appreciated
by him/his parents for he/him was predicted to be a scientist in National Aeronautics &
Space Administration (NASA).

Relative Pronoun

Who: It is used as subject of the sentence and takes a person as antecedent.

  The girl, who took the class, has come.
 He is the student who, I believe, has the ability to get into Bangladesh Bank.
 Whom: It is used as object of the sentence and takes a person as antecedent.
  He is the only person whom I can trust.
 He is the person whom I believe to have the ability to get into Bangladesh Bank.
 Whose: It is used to indicate possession of person.
 Jane is the girl whose laptop I borrowed.
 Whose car is this?
That: It can be used for both subject and object of the sentence and takes both person and thing as
antecedent.
  Birds that come in winter are guest birds. (subject)
 The boy that I spoke to was very talented. (object)
Which: It can be used for both subject and object of the sentence and takes only thing as antecedent.
 This is the movie which caused such a sensation. (subject)
 The car which I bought, is of Toyota. (object)
What: It is a compound relative pronoun. It describe a thing or matter and does not require any
antecedent
  Listen to the speech which he delivers => Listen to what he delivers.
  Russel read the book that I gave him => Russel read what I gave him.
 I know the story which he told you => I know what he told you.

Class Practice 6

1. This is the person who/whom is my friend

2. This is the person who/whom people like
3. This is the person who/whom people like is going to America.
4. Those are the students who/whom/whose cars were parked in the wrong side.
5. These are the pens which/whom parents don’t like to buy for their children.
6. Please deliver the food whom/who/whoever wants.
7. Give me the pen to whoever/whomever you like.

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8. Give the pen to whomever/whoever you like wants it to appear in the exam.
9. The flower that/which floats on the Burigonga River has black color.
10. There are so many problems which/that people would like to address.

Usage - Pronoun Reference

After putting the disk in the cabinet, Mabel sold it.

The pronoun it does not have a clear noun antecedent. As a result, the reader cannot know for
sure whether Mabel sold the disk or the cabinet. This sentence can be corrected by modifying-
After putting the disk in the cabinet, Mabel sold the disk.

There are three major pronoun reference errors.

Error #1- Too many antecedents: A pronoun should have only one antecedent. That antecedent
should be clear and unmistakable.

Incorrect- Take the radio out of the car and fix it.
Correct- Take the radio out of the car and fix the radio. / Take the radio out of the car
and fix the car.
Incorrect- The supervisors told the workers that they would receive a bonus.
Correct- The supervisors told the workers that they themselves would require a bonus. /
The supervisors expected the workers to receive a bonus.

Error #2- Hidden Antecedent: Faulty pronoun reference errors also occur when the pronoun's
antecedent functions as an adjective rather than a noun. In such cases, the true antecedent is
"hidden" or obscured from the reader because it has been subordinated to another noun.

Incorrect- The candy dish was empty, but we were tired of eating it anyway.
Correct- the candy dish was empty, but we were tired of eating candy anyway.
Incorrect- Mark called Mary’s house all day, but she never answered the phone.
Correct- Mark called Mary’s house all day, but Mary never answered the phone.
Mary never answered the phone, although Mark called her house all day.

Error #3- No Antecedent at All: Another kind of faulty / vague pronoun reference problem
occurs when writers use a pronoun without giving the pronoun any antecedent at all.

Incorrect- The witness called the television station, but they did not answer.
Correct- The witness called the television station, but the reporters didn’t answer. / The
witness called the television reporters, but they didn’t answer.
Incorrect- Although Mrs. Smith was wealthy; she made poor use of it. Correct- Although
Mrs. Smith was wealthy; she made poor use of her wealth. / Although Mrs. Smith had a
lot of money, she made poor use of it. Incorrect- It says in the paper that the legislation
was passed.

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Correct- The paper says that the legislation was passed. / According to paper, legislation
was passed.

Usage - Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

An antecedent is a word for which a pronoun stands. (Ante = "before"). The pronoun must agree
with its antecedent in number.

Rule: A singular pronoun must replace a singular noun; a plural pronoun must replace a plural
noun.

1. A phrase or clause between the subject and verb does not change the number of the
antecedent. Example: The can of Lima Beans sits on its shelf.

2. Indefinite pronouns as antecedents

 Singular indefinite pronoun antecedents take singular pronoun referents.

Singular- each, either, neither, one, no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anybody, anything,
someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything

Example: Each of the clerks does a good deal of work around his or her office.

  Plural indefinite pronoun antecedents require plural referents. plural: several, few,
both, many. Example: Both do a good job in their office.

 When the object of the preposition is uncountable- use a singular referent pronoun .
Examples: Some of the sugar fell out of its bag. All of the jewelry has lost its glow.

 When the object of the preposition is countable- use a plural referent pronoun.
Examples: Some of the marbles fell out their bag. All of the jewels have lost their
glow.

3. Compound subjects joined by and always take a plural referent. Example: Jones and
Smith made their presentation.

4. With compound subjects joined by or/nor, the referent pronoun agrees with the
antecedent closer to the pronoun.

Example #1 (plural antecedent closer to pronoun): Neither the director nor the actors did
their jobs.

Example #2 (singular antecedent closer to pronoun): Neither the actors nor the director
did his or her job.

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5. Collective Nouns (group, jury, crowd, team, etc.) may be singular or plural, depending on
meaning. Example-

The jury read its verdict. In this example, the jury is acting as one unit; therefore,
the referent pronoun is singular.
The jury members gave their individual opinions. In this example, the jury
members are acting as twelve individuals; therefore, the referent pronoun is plural.
The jury members disagreed among themselves. In this example, the jury
members are acting as twelve individuals; therefore, the referent pronoun is plural.

6. Titles of single entities (Books, organizations, countries, etc.) take a singular referent.
Example: The Grapes of Wrath made its characters seem real. The United States
cherishes its democracy.

7. Plural form subjects with a singular meaning take a singular referent. (news, measles,
mumps, physics, etc. Example: The news has lost much of its sting two days later.

8. Every or Many a before a noun or a series of nouns requires a singular referent.

Example:Every cow, pig and horse had lost its life in the fire.
Many a girl wishes she could sing like Tina Turner.

9. The number of vs A number of before a subject:

 The number of is singular. – The number of volunteers increases its ranks daily.
 A number of is plural.-A number of volunteers are offering their help.

Class Practice 7: Choose the correct pronoun in each sentence below.

1. During early rehearsals, an actor may forget his or her/ their lines.
2. The Washington team was opportunistic; it/ they took advantage of every break.
3. A person needs to see his or her/ their dentist twice a year.
4. The committee members put its/ their signatures on the document.
5. If any one of the sisters needs a ride, she/ they can call me.
6. When someone has been drinking, he or she/ they may drive poorly.
7. If the board of directors controls the company, it/they may vote for a raise.
8. Neither the pilot nor the attendants gave his or her/ their opinion about the
mishap.
9. Each of these companies had its/ their books audited.
10. Some of the china has lost its/ their luster.

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Class Practice 8: Identify the incorrect antecedents of pronoun

1. Nowrin has met her friend. Later on, She had made a nice dish.
2. One can’t exactly tell what he can do when there is a severe crisis.
3. The administrative officers had a clash with the faculty. Eventually they had been able to
realize their demand.
4. Each of the friends had done their homework in the way they have been assigned.
5. The empty dish was lying on the floor. The boy ate it.

Home Practice

Fill the following sentences using the determiners from the following box.
A few A great deal A little A lot A lot of A majority of
Enough Many Much of Plenty Several of Some

1. I'm having--------of trouble passing my driving exam.

2. ---------the movies were rated PG.
3. ------- information proved to be outdated.
4. We're close to the project deadline, but there is still-------- time left.
5. Although there are------ brilliant students in this state --thousands, even, only------will
choose to remain in the state after graduation.
6. We were able to destroy---------- the parasites with our antigen, but-------- of them
survived to cause trouble.
7. -------- a student has passed through these doors.
8. Although----------- of the lawn is open to the sun, there are --------of shade trees to make it
comfortable.
9. I think he drank----------- wine last night.
10. ----------- the evidence was taken from the police safe last night.

Choose the best option 11 to 48

11. I have done it ----------- of times.

a) Hundred b) hundreds c) a hundred d) hundredth

12. --------- can be grown on arid land.

a) Only little crop b) only a little crops c) only few crop d) only a few crops

13. There’s -------- dust on these books. Fetch me a duster.

a) A lot of b) plenty of c) a good deal of d) all of them

14. Choose the correct option:

a) I have a little friends in Bangladesh.

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b) I have little friends in Bangladesh.
c) I have few friends in Bangladesh.
d) I have a few friends in Bangladesh.

15. ---------- is currently available to researchers and physicians who study the indigenous life
of Bangladesh.
a) A little information b) few information c) little information d) a few information

16. ---------- in the world export diamonds.

a) Only little nations b) only few nations c) only a little nation d) only a few nations.

17. Do you have ------ to do this afternoon? If not, I would like to take you to a movie.
a) Many work b) much work c) many works d) much works e) lots of work

18. According to estimates by some botanists, there are ------- of plants.

a) Seven thousand type
b) seven thousand types
c) type of seven thousand
d) types of seven thousand

19. Do you prefer ------ of apple pie?

a) This sorts b) these sort c) these sorts d) this sort

20. The website receives only a small ------- of traffic.

a) Number b) stream c) amount d) hits

21. Staying in a hotel costs ----------- renting a room in a dormitory for a week.
a) Twice more than b) twice as much as c) as much twice as d) as much as twice

22. ----------- fuel that is used today is a chemical form of solar energy.
a) Most of b) the most c) most d) almost the

23. When your body does not get-------, it cannot make the glucose it needs.
a) Food as enough b) food enough c) the food enough d) enough food

24. According to some studies, dolphins, whales and -------- other sea creatures use highly
sophisticated navigation systems.
a) Any b) a little c) many d) much

25. Unless protected areas are established the royal Bengal tigers will face ------ of
extinction.
a) Possible b) the possibility c) to be possible d) possibly e) most possibly

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26. Choose the correct sentence:

a) We take decisions based on some informations.
b) We take decision based on some information.
c) We take decisions based on some information.
d) We take a decision based on some informations.

27. The -------- of Cox’s Bazar is very charming.

a) Scenes b) scenario c) scenery d) scenic

28. of this room will be sold.

---------
a) The possession b) the position c) possession d) position

29. The ------- of pollution in the cities should not be overlooked by the authorities.
a) Affects b) effecting c) affect d) effects

30. He gave me some good -------------- .

a) Advice b) advices c) advises d) advising

31. The captain ………… had a score of thirty.

a) Joy and me b) Joy and myself c) Joy and I d) Joy and us

32. His mother was taller than ----------.

a) Me and Amzad Hossain
b) myself and AmzadHossain
c) I and Amzad Hossain
d) mine and Amzad Hossain.

33. They asked us, Zakaria and ------ , whether we thought that the statistics had been
presented fairly and accurately.
a) I b) me c) mine d) mine e) we

34. I really like the way that car looks, but ---------- price is more than------ can afford.
a) Its ----me b) itself---- myself c) its -----I d) it’s ------me

35. Sports medicine experts agree that ice should be applied immediately when an athlete
suffers an injury to -------leg.
a) Its b) him c) his d) himself

36. Choose the correct sentence

a) I shall avail this opportunity
b) I shall avail myself of this opportunity

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c) I will avail this opportunity
d) I would avail this opportunity.

37. Every student in the classroom understood the lecture ………..

a) Except I b) Except me c) except myself d) excepting

38. None -------- could have solved the problem if he had been called.
a) But he b) but himself c) but him d) but his

39. We were thinking of ----------- to America at such an early age.

a) Him going d) himself going c) him to go d) his going

40. You will stick you/yourself/your with the pins if you are not careful.

41. The pen, that/which you have purchased, is red in color.

42. In a parliamentary system, it is not the monarch but the Prime minister ………….
a) Whom the real power
b) who has the real power
c) whom has the real power
d) who the real power
43. It was I --------- he wanted to sing to.
a) Who b) whom c) which d) that

44. My uncle has three sons -------- work in the same office.
a) All of them b) who all c) they all d) all of whom

45. The US Congress restored the Medal of Honor that was first presented in 1965 to
a woman ---------- name few of us have heard.
a) Which b) who c) whose d) whom

46. Human are the only factors in the ecosystem --------- are responsible for the changes
in the ecology.
a) Which b) whom c) who d) what e) how

47. The universe ------- we live is immensely complex.

a) In which b) in what c) over which d) which e) that

48. She tried to measure the speed -------- they were travelling.
a) Which b) at which c) where d) how e) that

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Reading Comprehension

Questions 49 through 53 refer to the following passage:

In the 16th century, an age of great marine and terrestrial exploration, Ferdinand Magellan led
the first expedition to sail around the world. As a young Portuguese noble, he served the king of
Portugal, but he became involved in the quagmire of political intrigue at court and lost the king’s
favor. After he was dismissed from service by the king of Portugal, he offered to serve the future
Emperor Charles V of Spain.

A papal decree of 1493 had assigned all land in the New World west of 50 degrees W longitude
to Spain and all the land east of that line to Portugal. Magellan offered to prove that the East
Indies fell under Spanish authority. On September 20, 1519, Magellan set sail from Spain with
five ships. More than a year later, one of these ships was exploring the topography of South
America in search of a water route across the continent. This ship sank, but the remaining four
ships searched along the southern peninsula of South America. Finally they found the passage
they sought near 50 degrees S latitude. Magellan named this passage the Strait of All Saints, but
today it is known as the Strait of Magellan.

One ship deserted while in this passage and returned to Spain, so fewer sailors were privileged to
gaze at that first panorama of the Pacific Ocean. Those who remained crossed the meridian now
known as the International Date Line in the early spring of 1521 after 98 days on the Pacific
Ocean. During those long days at sea, many of Magellan’s men died of starvation and disease.

Later, Magellan became involved in an insular conflict in the Philippines and was killed in a
tribal battle. Only one ship and 17 sailors under the command of the Basque navigator Elcano
survived to complete the westward journey to Spain and thus prove once and for all that the
world is round, with no precipice at the edge.

49. The 16th century was an age of great ______ exploration.

a) cosmic b) land c) mental d) common man e) none of the above

50. Magellan lost the favor of the king of Portugal when he became involved in a political _.
a) entanglement b) discussion c) negotiation d) problem e) none of the above

51. The Pope divided New World lands between Spain and Portugal according to
their location on one side or the other of an imaginary geographical line 50 degrees
west of Greenwich that extends in a _________ direction.
a) north and south b) crosswise c) easterly d) south east e) north and west

52. One of Magellan’s ships explored the _________ of South America for a passage
across the continent.
a) coastline b) mountain range c) physical features d) islands e) none of the above

53. Four of the ships sought a passage along a southern ______.

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a) coast b) inland c) body of land with water on three sides d) border e) None

Word Meaning

54. It is üp tö the cruise line which staff to choose and company______how many doctors
or nurses to provide.

a) All in all b) As regard c) In fact d) As to e) By the same token

55. More productive petroleum areas are found in arid regions of Africa and the Middle
East______ the oil fields were originally formed in shallow marine environments,
a) Although b) However c) Whatever d) In order to e)For fear that

56. Some of the great minds argued that the universe was not a confined space,______
others contended that its boundaries were drawn.
a) While b) all the same c) thus d) however e) as to

57. ______how aggressively the U.S. tackles its carbon problem, the global outlook
hinges on the coal-fired economies of the world’s two looming giants: China and India.
a) In view of b) No matter c) However d) As if e) Hence

58. We need to hear from the inspectors to know for sure, but it sounds_____ Iran has not
yet got in its enrichment program as far as it has been proclaiming.
a) Just as b) As though c) Thereby d) Meanwhile e) That is

59. Economic growth might be advantageously enjoyed, and evenly balanced shared, merely
in a community where solidarity has developed-------familiarity.
a) In order that b) In spite of c) Despite d) As a consequence of e) In the event that

60. _____ I would like to help you, I'm afraid I'm simply too busy at the moment.
a) However b) While c) In as much as d) Even if e) Despite

61. I cannot help thinking about it so much, but_____ I can't believe how lucky I was to
survive such a terrifying accident.
a) Even if b) As if c) Even though d) Even how e) Even

62. ______Mr Ash’s pride in the system he has put together, it hasn’t always been as
reliable as he might have wished.
a) Lest b) Even though c) In spite of d) However e) No matter

63. OK, I admit that health insurances require much money. But _____ , if people
are healthy, you shouldn’t consider it as losing money.

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a) Similar b) On the other hand c) Hardly d) In addition e) For

64. Because of being on the verge of bankruptcy, the company iş trying to reduce its costs;
_____ , staff who leave are not being replaced.
a) Consequently b) Because c) Yet d) However e) Provided that

65. The thinker writes in support of freedom _____ darkness may fall upon our society in the
form of dwindling rights and oppression.
a) However b) Lest c) In order that d) Apart from e) In that

66. The charity concert for the homeless has been cancelled_____ the lack of support.
a) Owing to b) As long as c) In contrast to d) As a result e) In spite of

67. All the children are lumped together in one class, ______their ability.
a) As regards b) Regarding c) Regardless of d) With regard to e) In regard to

68. We'll take an umbrella _____ insjure ourselves against the unfortunate possibility that
it might rain.
a) According to b) So as to c) Owing to d) Due to e) As to

69. The Ottomans started to use one crescent and a star on their flags, ______ the
current Turkish flag, after the 16th century.
a) Owing to b) Similar to c) However d) Since e) For example

70. Granted that it is dangerous,____I still want to go.

a) All the same b) Although c) Whereas d) In case e) Therefore

71. _____ the bomb attack had occurred did the lack of safety measures become obvious.
a) When b) Only after c) Never d) Hardly e) Not

72. We felt very nice and snug,______ there was fire in the room.
a) Otherwise b) So that c) As if d) provided e) All the same

73. He refused to answer any of the questions asked _____ she was unfairly dismissed from
the base.
a) So that b) In order that c) On the grounds that d) For fear that e) In that

74. Around 40,000 children are _____ malnourished _____ they face the prospect of death
in the months ahead.
a) such /that b) so/that c) more/than d) as / as e) so/as

75. With the late 19th century, an era has begun that is much _____ its predecessors.

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a) as different as b) differently than c) more different than d) different from e) the most

76. After all, the common saying came to mind: The_____, the_____ .
a) most/ merriest b) more /merrier c) much / merry d) many/merry e) most / merry

77. Symptoms of avian influenza in humans have ranged from typical human influenza-
like symptoms_____ fever, cough, sore throat; to severe respiratory diseases _____ acute
respiratory distress.
a) such as / as b) as for / too c) like/such as d) such / enough e) as / like

78. It would have been much_____ if the man had parked as we did there.
a) quick b) quickly c) quicker d) the quickest e) more quickly

79. With _____ an unusual name, it was clear from the start that the director’s film was
going to be different.
a) such b) so c) as d) like e) about

80. Before the gathering that night there was _____ more clearing up in the house to do as
usual.
a) a few b) some c) several d) a great many e) a number of

Writing
 
 Descriptive Writing: write a paragraph on “your childhood memory”

  
Argument Writing: “Family is the best institution for the permanent change in behavior”

Do you agree or disagree?

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Answer to Home Practice

1 A lot 21 B 41 Which 61 E
2 A majority of 22 C 42 B 62 C
3 Some 23 D 43 B 63 B
4 A lot of 24 C 44 D 64 A
5 Enough, a 25 B 45 C 65 B
few
6 A majority of, 26 B 46 A 66 A
some

7 Many 27 C 47 A 67 C
8 Much, plenty 28 A 48 B 68 B
9 A lot of 29 D 49 E 69 B
10 Much of 30 A 50 A 70 C
11 B 31 C 51 A 71 B
12 D 32 C 52 C 72 C
13 A 33 B 53 C 73 C
14 D 34 C 54 D 74 B
15 C 35 C 55 A 75 D
16 D 36 B 56 A 76 B
17 B 37 B 57 B 77 A
18 B 38 C 58 B 78 B
19 D 39 D 59 D 79 A
20 C 40 Yourself 60 D 80 C

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