Conjunctions

What is a conjunction?

Four types of conjunctions

Punctuations rules for using conjunctions

correctly

NITJ
Conjunctions
When you go to London, you must try fish
and chips. (words)

I’ll either go to London or I’ll go to

Singapore. (phrases)

Joey and Chandler went to see Monica, but

she wasn’t in her apartment. (clauses)
NITJ
Types of Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions
(and, or, but, so, yet, for, nor)

Subordinating Conjunctions
(because, after, although, if, etc.)

Correlative Conjunctions
(either .. or, neither .. nor, both .. and, not only .. but also)

Conjunctive Adverbs
(however, therefore, in addition etc.)
NITJ
Punctuation: Coordinating Conjunctions
In each sentence, add comma (,) where
necessary:

•• Monica’s
Monica’shousehouseisisbeautiful
beautifuland
andspacious.
spacious.
•• Does
DoesGunther
Guntherwork workin inaarestaurant
restaurantor
oraacafé?
café?
•• Rachel
Rachel addedaddedpeas andjam,
peas, whipped cream into
ladyfinger, and
the English
whipped Trifle.
cream into the English Trifle.
•• Joey
Joey isis still
still trying
trying to
to decide
decide whether
whether to
to learn
learn
guitar
guitar,dance
dance,ororhorse
horseriding.
riding.

NITJ
Punctuation: Coordinating Conjunctions
Rule #3: independent clause, and/but/or/so/yet independent clause

• Joey gifted Rachel a new car scent for Christmas, and she didn’t
like it.
• Rachel wanted to work in Paris, but she couldn’t leave her
friends.
• We can watch F.R.I.E.N.D.S, or we can watch Brooklyn
Nine-nine.
• I’m not very hungry, so I’ll just have the fries.
• Ross is an expert of Archaeology, yet he teaches Anthropology.
• Mr. Watson wrote for his new blog and made Sherlock very
angry.
• I ordered a new manga online but still haven’t received it.
NITJ
Punctuation: Subordinating Conjunctions
Rule #4: dependent clause, independent clause
independent clause , dependent clause
• After Sherlock gets home from work, he likes to play his violin for
hours.
• Sherlock likes to play his violin for hours after he gets home from
work.

• Because we have an exam tomorrow, we’re going to study all night!

• We’re going to study all night because we have an exam tomorrow.

• If you don’t want to come with us, you can just stay here.
• You can just stay here if you don’t want to come with us.
NITJ
Punctuation: Conjunctive Adverbs

Rule #5: independent clause; however/therefore, independent

clause
Independent clause. However/ Therefore, independent clause
• Phoebe loves living in New York however her
• Phoebe loves living in New York; York;
Phoebe
grandma loves
hates living
the trafficin and
New the however, her grandma
however,
pollution. her
hates
grandmathe traffic
hatesandthethe pollution.
traffic and the pollution.
•
••
Swimming
Phoebe loves
isliving
an essential
in New
skill However,
York.
in life therefore
her
all
grandma
Swimming
children is anhave
should essential skill lessons
swimming in life; in
therefore,
school. all
hates the traffic and the pollution.
children should have swimming lessons in school.
•• Yes,
PhoebeProfessor
loves living Ross
in NewwillYork.
be atHerthe conference
grandma, in
however,
• Yes,
Barbados
hates Professor
the andRoss
moreover
traffic hewill
willbebeat giving
the pollution. the conference
the opening in
Barbados;
speech. moreover, he will be giving the opening
• Phoebe loves living in New York. Her grandma hates the
speech.
traffic and the pollution, however.
NITJ
Conjunctions: punctuation rules
• Rule #1: only two words or phrases – NO comma

• Rule #2: more than two items: comma after each items (comma
before conjunction, and not the last item)

• Rule #3: independent clause, and/but/or/so/yet independent clause

• Rule #4: dependent clause, independent clause

independent clause , dependent clause

• Rule #5: independent clause; however/therefore, independent

clause
Independent clause, However/ Therefore, independent
clause
NITJ
Conjunctions
• I can speak English,
English Spanish
Spanish,and
andJapanese.
Japanese.
• We’ll be out of town on Tuesday and Wednesday.
• We didn’t
didn’t know
know itit was
was going
goingtotorain,
rain sowewedidn’t
didn’tbring
bringourour
umbrellas.
• Chandler gotgot job
job offers
offersfrom
fromfour
fourdifferent
differentcompanies
companiesbutdidn’t
didn’t
accept any of them.
• When you see Janice,
Janice can
canyou
youtell
tellher
herto
tocome
comeandandsee
seeme?
me?
• I can’t watch
watch the
the show
show because
because II don’t
don’t remember
remembermy myNetflix
Netflix
password.
• Oikawa wants his daughter to be a volleyball player player;however
however,thethe
girl is determined to be a world-famous musician.
• The success of our business
business ultimately
ultimately depends
depends on
on our
ourcustomers
customers.
therefore we
Therefore, wemust
mustalways
alwaystreat
treatthem
themwith
withrespect.
respect.
NITJ
Interjection
These are words in a sentence that have no real
meaning, they depict sudden emotions and
exclamations.

Ouch! The pin pricked my finger.

Wow!
Ouch!
Oops!
Hey!
Hi!
Etc
NITJ
Interjection
The interjection ‘O’:

O father ! I hear the sound of guns.

O Hamlet, speak no more !

Examples:

My word !, Good heavens!, You don't say!, Well!

Bother!, O dear!
How nice!, Splendid!
NITJ