KEY

UNIT 1: PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES

I. Vocabulary

1. Matching

1-a 2-i 3-d 4-e 5-c 6-j 7-b 8-g 9-f 10-h

2. Fill in the missing forms

V N Adj Adv
administer Administration administered

Alter Alteration alterative

assure Assurance assured assuredly

diagnose Diagnosis

diversify Diversification diverse

extract Extraction extractive

intend Intention intended

Nature natural naturally

subdivide Subdivision

Therapy therapeutic therapeutically

3. Supply the correct forms

1. be subdivided 2. administered

3. naturally 4. alter 5. intended

II. Reading

1. Choose the suitable main idea: 2

2. T-F statements and correct

1. F (only for human use  for both human and veterinary use)

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. F (is the same  isn’t the same)

3. Answer the questions

1. A drug is any substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a disease.

2. To alter an existing physiological or biochemical process.

3. They are ‘increase’ and ‘decrease’.

4. No, it can’t.

5. Yes, it is.

6. They are vitamins, minerals, amino acids, herbs and other botanical extracts.

7. They have been used for beautifying, perfuming, cleansing, ritual. And no, it have
existed long time ago.

8. Quality control is the part of GMP concerned with sampling, specifications and
testing and with the organization, documentation, release procedures. Quality assurance
is required for each area of pharmaceutical industry to ensure that pharmaceutical
products are of the quality required for their intended use.
III. Writing

1. Rearrangement

1. With the continuant extension of pharmaceutical sciences, the boundaries between the
subspecialties are beginning to blur.

2. How close it comes to meeting the specified objectives decides the success of a new
drug.

3. A drug should be rapidly and completely removed from the body when no longer
needed.

4. Most drugs interact with a part of the body so that they can alter an existing
physiological or biochemical process.

5. A drug can either increase or decrease an existing function of an organ or cell.

2. Rewrite the sentences

1. A pharmaceutical product is a special product intended for human use or as veterinary

products.

2. The medicinal products that bring about the purpose of affecting body physiological
function require three criterions.

3. The imperfect keys prevent the original key from fitting into the lock.

4. This molecular keyhole is termed the active site of the target.

5. All these goals need to be considered and optimized during the research and
development process when they develop a new drug.

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 UNIT 4: CHEMISTRY IN MODERN LIFE

I. Vocabulary

1. Matching: 1-g 2-h 3-e 4-d 5-a 6-c 7-b 8-f

2. Fill in the missing forms

V N Adj Adv
continue Continuation continuous

deform Deformation

determine Determination

digest Digestion digestive

metabolize Metabolism metabolic

Mutuality mutual mutually

reflect Reflection reflective

synthesize Synthesis synthetic

transform Transformation

Vary Variety various

3. Supply the correct forms

1. treatment/various 2. reflection/continuous

3. behavior 4. easily be synthesized 5. administered/metabolic

4. Choose the best options

1. A 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. C
II. Reading

1. Choose the non-mentioned idea: C

2. Answer the questions

1. It is due to the fact that all drugs are chemicals and pharmacy is a subject dealing with
the study of various drugs.

2. All processes in the drug discovery phase involve chemistry.

3. Physical properties of drugs studied for the drug development especially determining
storage conditions.

4. Chemistry is involved in several processes used to purify a drug molecule from a

natural source such as extraction, isolation, identification, v.v.

5. The drug’s binding to the appropriate receptor and its subsequent metabolic processes
have impacts on the action of a drug inside our body.

3. Find what the underlined words refer to

a. ‘that’ refers to ‘chemical fertilizers’. c. ‘it’ refers to ‘phosphate rock’.

b. ‘it’ refers to ‘sulfuric acid’. d. ‘which’ refers to ‘fertilizers and chemicals’.

4. Fill in the blanks

(1) with (6) they

(2) which/that (7) make

(3) because (8) toxicity

(4) for (9) patient

(5) how (10) routes/ways

III. Writing

1. Matching

1-e 2-a 3-d 4-b 5-c

2. Rewrite the sentences

1. Chemistry is applied everywhere in modern life.

2. Drug having an ester functionality should be kept in a dry and cool place.

3. Medicines or drugs we take for the treatment of various ailments are chemicals, either
organic or inorganic.

4. We must learn chemistry to hve a proper understanding and knowledge of these drugs
and their behavior.

5. It is essential to have the knowledge of chemistry of drugs to become a good

pharmacist.

3. Complete the sentences, using the given words

1. When administered, the action of a drug inside our body depends on its binding to the
appropriate receptor.

2. Pharmacy is a subject dealing with the study of various aspects of drugs.

3. The precursor of aspirin is salicin which is found in willow tree bark.

4. Aspirin is chemically known as acetyl salicylic acid, an organic molecule.

5. From the colouring of our clothes to the shapes of our PCs, all are possible thanks to
chemistry.

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 UNIT 5: BASIC PHARMACOLOGY

I. Vocabulary

1. Matching

1-h 2-e 3-d 4-a 5-g 6-f 7-c 8-i 9-j 10-b

2. Choose the best options

1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A

3. Supply the correct forms

1. biological 2. concerning

3. will be considered 4. pharmacologists 5. scientific

4. Fill in the blanks

(1) drugs (6) therapeutic

(2) which/that (7) minimal

(3) effect (8) response

(4) used (9) same

(5) it (10) interactions

II. Reading

1. Choose the suitable main idea: 5

2. Answer the questions

1. In the most general sense, a drug may be defined as any substance that brings about a
change in biologic function through its chemical actions.

2. It is a specific molecule in the biologic system that plays the drug molecule.

3. Toxin are always defined as poison of biologic origin, synthesized by plants or

animals in contrast to inorganic poisons such as lead and arsenic.

4. Because a drug molecule can interact chemically with its receptor.

5. Because it is transported from its site of administration to its site of action.

6. A practical drug should be inactivated or excreted from the body at a reasonable rate
so that its action will be of appropriate duration.

7. Atropin, aspirin may be solid at room temperature.

8. The vast majority of drugs have molecule weights between 100 and 1000.

9. Drugs much larger than MW 1000 will not diffuse readily between compartments of
the body.

10. Drugs interact with receptor by means of chemical forces or bonds include three
major types: covalent, electrostatic, and hydrophobic.

3. T-F statements

1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. F 6. T
III. Writing

1. Rearrangement

1. Pharmacology studies interactions of (between) the drug subtances with living

organisms through chemical processes.

2. The main subjects of toxicology are the undesirable effects of chemical on living
systems.

3. Rarely, drugs known as chemical antagonists may interact directly with other drugs.

4. Information about its biologic receptor helps to predict the appropriate molecular
structure of a drug.

5. A drug is not always administered right at its intended site of actions.

2. Rewrite the sentences

1. The actions of the body on the drug are called pharmacokinetic processes.

2. Until recently, no receptor has been known in sufficient detail to permit rational drug
design.

3. Drugs have been developed through random testing of chemicals or modification of

drugs.

4. Being taken too much, almost all drugs are dangerous.

5. Covalent bonding is not usually as common as static bonding in drug receptor

interactions.
3. Shorten the clauses

1. These substances may be chemicals administered to achieve a beneficial therapeutic

effect on some processes within the patient.

2. A drug may be defined as any substance bringing about a change in biologic function
through its chemical actions.

3. Pharmacology can be defined as the study of substances interacting with living

systems through chemical processes.

4. Drugs are chemical affecting the human body.

5. Pharmacokinetics is the general term describing all of the body’s actions on the drugs.

6. The principles of pharmacodynamics are properties determining the group in which

the drug is classified.

7. Aspirin taken in excessive amount can be poisonous.

8. People taking drugs can’t think, work or drive properly.

9. Medical pharmacology is the study of drugs used for diagnosis, prevention, and
treatment of diseases.

10. Pharmacodynamics is the term given to the properties of drug actions on the body.

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 UNIT 6: DRUG INTERACTIONS

I. Vocabulary

1. Matching

1-a 2-c 3-b 4-e 5-f 6-d

2. Fill in the missing forms

V N Adj Adv
absorb absorption

define definition

distribute distribution

excrete excretion

influence influence influent

interact interaction interactive

prescribe prescription

therapy therapeutic therapeutically

toxicity toxic

3. Supply the correct forms

1. affecting 2. prescribed/unprescribed

3. therapeutic 4. alteration 5. absorbs

II. Reading
1. Answer the questions

1. They are frequently characterized as either pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic.

2. They influence the disposition of a drug in the body and involve the effects of one
drug on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of another.

3. Because there is large inter- and intra-patient variability in drug disposition.

4. They are associated with changes in plasma drug concentrations.

5. When feasible, observing the clinical status of the patient as well as monitoring serum
drug levels may do it.

2. T-F statements

1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

3. Fill in the blanks

(1) that (6) drug

(2) of (7) the

(3) interactions (8) may

(4) treatments (9) avoid

(5) predicting (10) solution

III. Writing
1. Write the sentences using given words

1. Pharmacodynamic interactions is difficult to classify but their effects are predicted

when the pharmacology of co-administered drugs is known.

2. The effect of a drug is modified by food, smoking, alcohol and environmental

pollutants.

3. The probability of drug interaction increases with the number of drugs received by the
patient.

4. There are some situations where the drugs interact by the unique mechanisms.

5. Pharmacokinetic interactions occur when one drug alters the absorption, distribution,
metabolism or elimination of another drug.

2. Turn into passive voice

1. A loss in therapeutic effect, toxicity or unexpected increases in pharmacologic activity

can be caused by adverse drug interactions.

2. A potentially serious drug interaction may be circumvented by monitoring therapy

and making appropriate adjustments in the drug regimen.

3. The effect of one drug on the metabolism of another is involved IN most important.

4. A lot of studies have been done to estimate the incidence of drug interactions.

5. An exaggerated pharmacologic response or toxicity may be produced by a small

increase in the serum concentration of high-risk drugs.

3. Rewrite the sentences

1. To memorize all those interactions of potential clinical significance is impossible.

2. There is no doubt that drug interactions can be an important clinical problem.

3. The doctor wanted to know how long I had taken this medicine.

4. Having a practical knowledge of the pharmacological mechanisms ivolved drug

interactions is needed in order to predict the possible consequences of the co-
administration of two or more drugs.

5. The more drugs the patient receives, the more increasing the risk of experiencing a
drug interaction is.

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UNIT 7: TRADITIONAL MEDICINE

I. Vocabulary

1. Find the words having the following meanings

a. herb b. organ c. pharmacology d. property e. symdrome

f. mild g. application? h. rectify i. flavour k. astringency

2. Fill in the missing forms

V N Adj Adv
Apply application/applicant

benefit beneficial

essence essential

Incorporate incorporation incorporative

geography geographical

Rectify rectification

Separate seperation

tradition traditional traditionally

Utilize utilization

3. Supply the correct forms

1. traditional 2. application

3. is diagnosed 4. are utilized/rectify 5. inseperably

4. Fill in the blanks

(1) curative (6) diuresis

(2) symdromes (7) depleted

(3) cooling (8) from

(4) disperse (9) drugs

(5) fire (10) using

II. Reading

1. T-F statements

1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T

6. F 7. F 8. T 9. F 10. F

2. Answer the questions

1. VTM is characterized by a holistic approach, and considers disease as an imbalance

between âm and dương, particularly in the organs.

2. Four natures and five flavours are the main contents of the theory on drug properties.

3. They are determined by their curative effects on cold and heat symdromes.

4. It is “To treat cold symdromes with hot and to treat hot symdromes with cold drugs”.

5. Because both natures and flavours reflect properties and the principle of applications
in aspects, besides, only by combining them, can the properties be comprehensively
grasped.

3. Choose the suitable main idea: 3

4. Matching

1-e 2-d 3-f 4-b 5-c 6-a

5. Fill in the blanks

(1) with (6) both

(2) function (7) therefore

(3) determine (8) hot

(4) nature (9) exact

(5) have (10) bring

III. Writing

1. Rearrangement

1. Curative effects of drugs come from their polarizing properties.

2. Four natures and five flavours are the main contents of the theory on drug properties.

3. Five flavours are determined by actual tasting and experience of clinical applications.

4. Tasteless flavour belongs to sweet with the effect of inducing diuresis to remove
dampness.

5. Rectification of deviation by drug polarity is the essence of curative effects.

2. Rewrite the sentences

1. The basic principle of using traditional medicines is to treat cold syndrome with hot
and to treat heat syndrome with cold drugs.

2. Drugs is used to eliminate pathogenic factors and restore normal function of the
internal organs.

3. Neutral drugs having mild effects without obvious cold or hot properties can be used
for both cold and heat syndromes.

4. All the drugs used to relieve exterior syndromes belong to pungent flavour.

5. Cool nature is the same in essence but weaker than cold nature.

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UNIT 8: TYPES OF DOSAGE FORM

I. Vocabulary

1. Find the words having the following meanings

a. concentration b. minimum c. designed d. inevitably e. delivered

f. parenteral? g. local h. administer i. influenced k. systemic

2. Fill in the missing forms

V N Adj Adv
circulate circulation

direct direction direct directly

desire desire (un)desirable

inject injection injectable

prepare preparation

rectum rectal

surgery surgical

3. Supply the correct forms

1. requirement 2. various/administration

3. metabolized 4. are injected 5. Directly

4. Fill in the blanks

1. solutions 2. preparations 3. solutions 4. preparations

5. Fill in the blanks

Vocabulary Part of Speech Definition

1. sites Noun H
2. membranes Noun D
3. absorption Noun J
4. unconscious Adjective G
5. circulation Noun A
6. topical Adjective E
7. contamination Noun C
8. shell Noun F
9. sterilized Adjective I
10. solid Adjective B

5. Fill in the blanks

(1) shell (6) unconscious

(2) topical (7) membranes

(3) sites (8) absorption

(4) solid (9) circulation

(5) contamination (10) sterilized

II. Reading
1. Answer the questions

1. Dosage forms are the means by which the molecules are delivered to the sites of
action within the body.

2. The pharmacological effects of a drug are generally related to the concentration of the
drug at its sites of action and include both of the toxic and therapeutic effects.

3. It is to deliver the apropriate concentration of the drug molecules to the apropriate

sites in order to achieve maximum therapeutic benefit with minimum toxicity.

4. Some dosage forms are designed to produce only a local effect of drug on the skin or
on mucous membranes. However, other dosage forms are designed to produced
significant absorption of the drug into the blood stream from mucous membranes at the
various sites of the body.

5. The release of the drug from the dosage form and the ability of the drug to cross
biological membranes.

2. T-F statements and correct

1. T 2. F (only  ϕ) 3. T 4. T 5. T

3. T-F statements and correct

1. F (both oral route and  ϕ) 2. F (can  can’t)

3. T 4. T 5. T

4. T-F statements and correct

1. F (every  some) 2. T

3. T 4. F (orally  externally) 5. T

5. Fill in the blanks

(1) semi-solid (2) kinds

(3) aqueous (4) effects (5) application

III. Writing

1. Find and correct the mistakes

1. self-administered  self-administering 2. is applied  applied

3. diagnostic  diagnosis 4. covers  covering

5. deep  depth

2. Rewrite the sentences

1. Scientists design many dosage forms to produce significant absorption of the drug
into the blood stream from different route at various sites in the body.

2. Not only the release of the drug from the dosage form but also the ability of the drug
to cross biological membranes decides the absorption and distribution of drugs in the
body.

3. Although the oral route, the most commonly used route of administration, is
convenient for most drugs, it isn’t effective for the drugs that are rapidly inactivated by
gastric or intestinal secretions.

4. Unless the dusting powders which are very fine are sterilized, they can’t be used on
open wounds.

5. It is important for pharmacists to aware that the abuse of aerosol propellants, as with
abuse of other solvents, may cause hallucinations, severe toxicity and possible death.