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Section - Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

This document discusses mathematical modeling of electrical systems. It defines a mathematical model as using mathematical equations to describe a physical system without testing it in real life. It then discusses the basic elements of electrical systems including resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It provides the equations that describe the relationships between voltage and current for each component in both the time and s domains. Finally, it provides examples of determining the transfer function of electrical systems by using Kirchhoff's voltage law and taking the Laplace transform of the system equations.

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469 views15 pages

Section - Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

This document discusses mathematical modeling of electrical systems. It defines a mathematical model as using mathematical equations to describe a physical system without testing it in real life. It then discusses the basic elements of electrical systems including resistors, capacitors, and inductors. It provides the equations that describe the relationships between voltage and current for each component in both the time and s domains. Finally, it provides examples of determining the transfer function of electrical systems by using Kirchhoff's voltage law and taking the Laplace transform of the system equations.

Uploaded by

Mandolin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

A mathematical model can be defined as a description of the physical system by


using mathematical equations for getting information about how the interaction of
the parts of a system with the whole system without actually testing it in real life.

An electrical system is a network of electrical components used to supply,


transfer, store and use electric power.
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

Basic Elements of Electrical Systems

1) A resistor is used to control the flow of current or to work as voltage divider.

The relationship between the voltage and current across the resistor in the time domain.
𝑣𝑅 𝑡 = 𝑖𝑅 𝑡 × 𝑅
The relationship between the voltage and current across the resistor in the s domain.

𝑉𝑅 𝑠 = 𝐼𝑅 𝑠 × 𝑅
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

Basic Elements of Electrical Systems

2) A capacitor is used to store energy in the form of an electric field.

The relationship between the voltage and current across the capacitor in the time domain.
1
𝑣𝐶 𝑡 = 𝑖𝐶 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝐶
The relationship between the voltage and current across the capacitor in the S domain.
1
𝑉𝐶 𝑠 = 𝐼𝐶 𝑠
𝐶𝑠
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

Basic Elements of Electrical Systems

3) An inductor is used to store energy in the form of a magnetic field.

The relationship between the voltage and current across the inductor in the time domain.
𝑑𝑖𝐿 𝑡
𝑣𝐿 𝑡 = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
The relationship between the voltage and current across the inductor in the S domain.

𝑉𝐿 𝑠 = 𝐿𝑠 𝐼𝐿 𝑠
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
Transfer Function of Electrical Systems
Transfer function is the ratio of Laplace transform of output variable to Laplace
transform of input variable assuming all initial conditions = 0.

How to determine the transfer function of the system?

1) Form the mathematical modeling of the system

2) Take Laplace transform of the system equations with Zero initial conditions

3) Specify system output and input

4) Take the ratio of the Laplace transform of the output and the Laplace transform
of the input
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

Electrical systems analysis is based on Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) which states
that the algebraic sum of all the voltages around any closed loop in an electrical
circuit is equal to zero (ΣV = 0).

Example 1: Find the transfer function of the shown electrical system?


Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

By using KVL
-ei + vL + vR + vC = 0
ei = vL + vR + vC
1
ei = Ldi
dt + Ri + idt
C

Taking the Laplace transform W.Z.I.C


1
EI (S) = LS I(S) + RI(S) + I(S)
CS
1
EI (S) = (LS + R + ) I(S) (1)
CS
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

eo = vC
1
eo = idt
C

Taking the Laplace transform W.Z.I.C


1
EO (S) = I(S) (2)
CS
1
EI (S) = (LS + R + ) I(S) (1)
CS
1
EO (S) 1
Transfer Function = = CS
=
EI (S) (LS + R +CS
1
) LCS2 +RCS+1
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

𝐙𝟐
𝐄𝐎 (S) = 𝐄𝐈 (S) ×
𝐙𝟏+𝐙𝟐
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
Example 2 : Find the transfer function of the shown electrical system?

By using KVL
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems
Example 3: Find the transfer function of the shown electrical system?

𝑣𝐶1 𝐾𝑣𝐶1
Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Systems

1 1
Z1 = R1 , Z2 = Z3 = R2 , Z4 =
C1S 𝐶2𝑆
Z2 𝑍4
VC1 (s) = EI (S) × (1) 𝐸𝑂 (S) = 𝐾𝑉𝐶1 (𝑠) × (2)
ZI+Z2 𝑍3+𝑍4

From equation (1) and compensation in equation (2) for VC1 (s)
Z2 Z4
EO (S) = KEI (S) × ×
ZI+Z2 Z3+Z4
𝟏 1
EO (S) K Z2 Z4 K × ×
𝐂𝟏𝐒 C2S
Transfer Function = = = 1 1
EI (S) ZI+Z2 (Z3+Z4) (R1 +C1S ) (R2 +C2S )
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