PCTE GROUP OF INSTITUTES

A HANDBOOK TO -
QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

March 2011

CODE: PGM 303

 QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

2011

CONTENTS

Particulars Page
Course Instructor 2
Course Objectives 2
Development of Skills 2
Pedagogy 3
Student Effort 4
Formative Assessment 4
Summative Assessment 4
Assessment Parameters 5
Help from Teacher 5
Syllabus 5
Textbooks 6
Lecture Schedule 6
Student-Centred Learning 7

NOTE: This handbook is intended for guidance of students

taking PGDM in 2010. The details of this handbook
represent course instructor’s intentions at the time of
writing, but it is possible that some course module
information e.g. lecture topics and assignments may be
modified at the time of teaching the subject. Teacher
reserves the right to make such minor changes in the
matters covered by this publication and will inform any
such change(s) at the earliest possible.

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

2
 2011

COURSE INSTRUCTOR:
Navin Chandra
Tel: 0161-2888515
Mobile: 09876170878
E-mail: [email protected]

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
This course aims to introduce the basic concepts to
the students so that they should know how to use
various quantitative techniques in decision making.
It will help the students to have a sound foundation
in use of statistics in their business or profession.

After going through the subject the students should have:

a) Knowledge of measures of central tendency and
dispersion;
b) Understanding of measures of Correlation;
c) Knowledge and understanding of Regression
Techniques;
d) Knowledge and use of Techniques of Time Series
Analysis;
e) Knowledge and use of Probability & Probability
Distributions.

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DEVELOPMENT OF VARIOUS IMPORTANT SKILLS:
This subject aims to provide you an opportunity to develop
the various skills as follows:
1. Initiative Skills - This can be developed by searching
relevant literature and information while preparing for
the workshops, case discussion and presentation.
2. Communication Skills (WRITTEN) - This can be developed
by completing Workshop assignments before
workshops, by preparing for class presentation, case
discussion and for Summative assessment.
3. Communication Skills (ORAL) – This can be developed by
taking part in presentation, case discussion and by
discussing prepared materials in workshops with both
the Workshop leader and other students in the group.
The students can use e-mail to communicate with other
students and Workshop leader.
4. Numerical Data Handling Skills - This can be developed by
applying mathematical and statistical techniques to
answer various questions in workshops, solving cases
and examinations.
5. Computer Skills - This can be developed by using
computer for Accounting Software, using internet for
gathering data for presentation as well as for the course
topics, using e-mail to communicate with students.
6. Presentation Skills – This can be developed by
participating in class presentation, case discussion,
workshop discussion and giving the answers of
questions to other students.
7. Analytical Skills - This can be developed by understanding
and applying the various analytical skills and also
manipulating these concepts of Cost and Management
Accounting, while giving answers to questions and
discussing these in presentation, case discussion and
workshops.
8. Time Management Skills – This can be developed by
preparing for class presentation and workshops;
submitting the assignments with in time; reading
relevant materials, solving the illustrations and
unsolved sums in the text book before as well as after
the lectures and preparing for examinations.

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PEDAGOGY:
The course will be delivered with the help of a mixture of
lectures, workshops, case discussion and presentation
as follows:
Particular Number Duration
s
Lectures 30 1 hour
Workshops 3 1 hour
Case 2 1 hour
Discussion

Workshops provide knowledge and encourage

independent study among the students. The students are
expected to take active part in the workshops. All of the
students are required to prepare answers to the exercises
set for each Workshop in advance. They should be ready to
discuss various issues in the workshops. The exercises given
at the end of each Chapter in the textbook for the course
(see under Textbooks). Any student attending the
Workshops without preparation and participation will be
treated as absent from Workshop. The students will be
divided into different groups. The students must attend the
workshop for the allocated Group. Attendance at workshops
will be taken and absence will lead to negative internal
assessment. Only attending the workshop, without having
solving the sums, will also not serve the purpose and will be
recorded as absence. The students should confirm about
workshop groups they have been allocated to and the
timings of the workshop.
Case discussion provides a chance to improve the
analytical and communication skills among the students.
Case as a pedagogy can be termed as simulation technique
of solving various problems. The case studies will be given in
advance to the students. The students are expected to come
well prepared after going through these and there will be
discussion in the class among the students. The teacher will
only observe the proceedings and will see whether the
discussion is going in right direction or not. The students not
taking part in case discussion will be awarded negative
assessment.

STUDENT EFFORT:
The students are expected to undertake reading and learning
by solving the examples as well as unsolved sums given in the textbook and
such further reading as of their interests. This course is one out of seven
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courses of 3rd Trimester of PGDM so the students should spend one-seventh
of time on this course. It is possible that there may be some weeks when the
student spends more time on one course in comparison of others but on
average one-seventh of the time should be spent on this course.

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTS:
The aim of the formative assessment is to help the
students, in an organised manner, to understand the
topics and their uses, to consolidate their knowledge
and point out any weakness in their understanding of
the subject.
The formative assessments will be by means of tests. There
will be two tests on Quantitative Techniques.

SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT:
This course is assessed by means of an examination at the
end of trimester on scheduled day from 16th to 31st May,
2011. The questions will be asked from the whole syllabus
and the students are expected to have good knowledge of
the subject till that time.

ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS:
Students’ performance in the formative and summative
assessments for the course will be judged as per the
following parameters:
• Knowledge and understanding of concepts
• Ability to grasp knowledge from other sources
• Method and clarity of arguments and presentation
technique
• Analytical and interpretation skills
• Critical Evaluation skills

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HELP FROM TEACHER:
The ultimate responsibility for the success of the
course is on the course instructor. The students are
always welcome to talk to the course instructor
whenever they wish to discuss any aspect of the
course. It is recommended to take prior appointment
(for quality discussion) on phone or in person or by e-
mail. Remember! Even a small misunderstanding of the
concept can lead to a big problem if it is not dealt with
in time. It is my duty to help the students in learning
and be successful in this course. The students can give
comments and suggestions on how to improve the
course at any time during the period.

SYLLABUS:
1) Measures of Central Tendency (A. Mean, Median, Mode,
Quartiles)
2) Measures of Dispersion (Range, Quartile, Mean & Std.
Deviation)
3) Correlation Analysis (Karl Pearson’s and Spearman’s)
4) Regression Analysis (Least square & Regression Co-eff.
Methods)
5) Time Series Analysis (Trend Analysis only)
6) Index Numbers (Simple & Weighted Aggregative & Avg
Methods)
7) Probability (Priori & Posterior Probabilities)
8) Probability Distributions (Binomial, Poisson and Normal)

TEXT BOOK:
Title of Book Author(s) Publishing Print
House
Business Naval Bajpai Pearson 2010
Statistics Educatio
n

LECTURE SCHEDULE
Lectur TOPIC
e
Numb
e
r
1-2 a) Introduction to subject- Handbook

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 b) Origin & Need of Statistics, Types of Data
3-6 Measures of Central Tendency:
a) Arithmetic Mean;
b) Median;
c) Mode;
d) Quartiles.
7-11 Measures of Dispersion:
a) Range & its Co-efficient;
b) Quartile Deviation & its Co-efficient;
c) Mean Deviation & its Co-efficient;
d) Standard Deviation & its Co-efficient.
12-15 Correlation:
a) Karl Pearson’s Co-efficient of Correlation;
b) Spearman’s Co-efficient of Correlation;
c) Standard Error & Probable Error;
16-19 Time Series Analysis: Trend Analysis:
a) Semi Average Method;
b) Moving Average Method;
c) Least Square Method.

20-24 Regression Analysis:

a) Least Square Method;
b) Regression Co-efficient Method.
25-30 Probability & Probability Distributions:
a) Priori & Posterior Probability;
b) Binomial Distribution;
c) Poisson Distribution;
d) Normal Distribution;

REQUIRED READING:
The course instructor expects that the students
have gone through each topic from the text book before
each lecture. It is possible that some topics may be
covered by a number of lectures. Some of the
material which is covered during lectures may not be
in the text book. For such lectures, you should look at
reference books listed in further reading or elsewhere
from the internet.

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STUDENT- CENTRED LEARNING:
Students are expected to do self-study by going through the
chapters to be covered in lectures, by solving examples
and unsolved sums in the textbook, by preparing for
the workshops and by getting prepared for attempting
formative assessments. After doing all the smart work
and preparing for and actively participating in the
workshops the students will be able understand
accounting in a right manner.
The students can enhance their learning experience by:
a) Reading the topic before the lecture from the text book.
This should be followed by additional reading from reference
books and further reading in the textbook.
b) Working through all activities and Review questions
included in the appropriate reading outlined.
c) Attending all the lectures scheduled for the course and
making such notes, as the students feel appropriate, at the
lecture.
d) Doing independently the work assigned for each
Workshop.
e) Attending all the workshops and actively participating
there by putting forward methods or process or results or
views and learning from the views put forward by others.

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