S6 REVISION FOR PURE MATHEMATICS

Allow me to discuss this dozen of questions with you.

3n  1
1. The nth term of an arithmetic progression (A.P) is . Show that the sum of the
6
first n terms of the progression is
n
3n  1 .
12

Review

 nth term of an AP, u n  l  a  n 1d

 sum of n terms of an AP, s n 
n
2a  n  1d   n a  l 
2 2
 nth term of a GP, u n  a r n 1

 sum of n terms of a GP, s n 


a 1 r n

 
a rn  1 
1 r r 1
a
 sum to infinity, s  
1 r

3n  1 2 5
For u n  ; First term, u1  a  ; second term, u 2 
6 6 6

5 2 1
So, common difference, d  u 2  u1   
6 6 2

n 1 1
2   n  1    3n  1
n
Here, s n  
2 3 2  12

1
2. Given that log2 3  p and log4 5  q , prove that log 45 2  .
2 p  q 

Review of laws of logarithms;

b
 loga b  loga c  loga bc ; loga b  loga c  loga
c
logc b 1
 n log a b  log a b n ; loga b  
logc a logb a
 a loga b  b

For this question,

Maths Dept @ KCB 2020 Prepared by James Lubega - HOD Page 1

 1 1 1 1
RHS    
2 p  q  2log2 3  log4 5  log 2 5  2 log2 3  log 2 5
2log2 3  
 log 2 4 

1 1
   log 45 2  LHS
log 2 9  log 2 5 log 2 45

d2y e x  e3x
3. If e  tan 2 y , prove that
x
 .
d x 2 2 1  e2x 2  
dy dy dt d 2 y d  dy  dt
Review: chain rule,   ;   
dx dt dx d x 2
dt  dx  dx

du dv
v u
d u dx dx
Quotient rule;  
dx  v  v 2

For e x  tan 2 y , differentiating both sides

e x  2 sec2 2 y
dy
dx

 2 1  tan 2 2 y
dy
dx

 2 1  e2x
dy
dx
 

dy

ex

 
d 2 y 1  e 2 x e x  e x  2e 2 x

e x  e3x
 ;

dx 2 1  e 2 x d x 2 2 1  e2x
2
 
2 1  e2x
2
.
 
4. The curve y  ax 2  bx  c has a maximum point at 2 , 18 and passes through the
point 0 , 10. Find the values of a, b and c.

dy
For turning/stationary points,  0.
dx

y  ax 2  bx  c

At 0 , 10, 10  a0  b0  c : c  10

At 2 , 18, 18  4a  2b  10 ; 2a  b  4 …(i)

dy
Now  2ax  b
dx

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 At 2 , 18,
dy
4a  b  0 …(ii)
dx

Now (ii) – (i); a   2 ; b  8


1 1
5. Use the substitution t  tan x to show that  4
0 1  sin 2 x
dx  .
2

2t 1  t2 2t
Recall, if t  tan x , then sin 2 x  ; cos 2 x  ; tan 2 x  .
1 t 2
1 t 2
1  t2

For t  tan x ,
dt

 sec2 x  1  t 2  dx 
dt

dx 1  t2

Also change the limits i.e.

X 0 
4

T 0 1


dx 1 1 dt 1 dt
Now 0
4
1  sin 2 x
 
0 2t

1  t2
  1  t 
0 2
1
1  t2

1
 1  1 1
     1 
1  t  0 2 2

15

Find the coefficient of x in the expansion of  x 3  4  .

17 1
6.
 x 

Review: Expansion, a  bn  a n  nC1. a n 1b  nC2 . a n  2b 2  ...  b n

The expansion for a general term;

nn 1 2 nn  1n  2  3
1  x n  1  nx  x  x  ...
2! 3!

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 For the r  1th term, U r 1  nCr a n r b r ; r  0 ,1, 2, ...

15

Now for  x 3  4 
1 1
n  15 , a  x 3 , b 
 x  ; x4

U r  1  15C r . x 3   15  r
 
. x 4
r
 15C r . x 45  7 r

For the term in x 17 ; 17  45  7r  r  4

15!
Therefore the coefficient required is 15C 4   1365
15  4!4!

d2y
7. Given that y  ln1  sin x  , deduce that 2
 ey  0 .
dx

First apply the laws of logarithms and then the chain rule.

y  ln1  sin x   e y  1  sin x

2
dy d2y  dy 
e  cos x ; e y
y
 e y     sin x
 dx 
2
dx dx

Eliminating sin x and

dy y d 2 y
,e
 cos x 
 ey y    ey  1  
 e 
2
dx dx

y  1  sin x
 
2
d2y
ey  e 
 e2y    e y  1
d x2  

e
d2y
y
 e
 y 2
y  1 e  1 
 ey  1  0
  
dx 2  e 2y 
 

d2y
e2y 2
 e2y  2 e y  e2y  e y  0
dx

d2y d2y
e2y 2
 e y
 0  2
 ey  0
dx dx

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  3  1   1
8. Given that a    , b    and c    , find the values of t such that t a  b and
0  1   3
t b  c are perpendicular .

 3  1  3t  1  1   1   t  1 
t a  b  t         ; t b  c  t        
 0  1  1   1   3   t  3 

For perpendicular vectors t a  b and t b  c , t a  b  t b  c  0

 3t  1  t  1 
So,       0  3t  1t  1  1t  3  0
 1   t  3

3t 2  t  4  0 ; 3t  4 t  1  0
4
t , t  1
3
 3  3   1 
     
9. Show that the vectors  4  ,   1 and   2  are coplanar.
1  2   1 
     

Review, if vectors a , b and c are coplanar, then a . b c  0 or b . a c  0 or

c . a b  0 .

 3  3   9 
     
 4     1    3 
 1   2    15
     

 1   3   3   1   9 
         
Now   2  .  4     1    2  .   3   9  6   15  0
 1   1   2   1    15
         

 1   3   3 
     
Since   2  .  4     1  0 , the vectors are coplanar.
 1   1   2 
     

dx
10. Find x x
.

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 1
du 1  2
Let u  x;  x  dx  2u du
dx 2

x
dx
x
 u
2 u du
2
u

2
u 1
 
du  2 lnu  1  C  2 ln 1  x  C

x 1 2x
11. Solve the equation 3  2.
2x x 1

x 1 2x x 1
For 3  2 , let a  :“Here notice a reciprocal”
2x x 1 2x

 a 
3
a
2;  a2
 2 a  3  0.

 a 3  
a  1  0 ; a  9 or a  1

x 1 1
When a = 9, 9; x
2x 17

x 1
When a = 1,  1 ; x  1
2x

Remember to test for such an equation with surds.

1 3
For x   , LHS  9   3  1  1  RHS
17 9

For x   1 , LHS  1  3 1   2  RHS

1
 x 
17

12. The points A4 , 0, B0 , 3 and Px , y  are such that PA and PB are always
perpendicular. Show that the locus of P is a circle. Hence find the centre and
radius of the circle.

y0 y y3 y3

Grad PA =  ; Grad PB = 
x4 x4 x0 x

Review: If two lines with gradients m1 and m2 are perpendicular, then m1  m2   1

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  y   y  3
For this case,  .    1
 x 4  x 

y  y  3   x x  4  x 2  y 2  4 x  3 y  0 of the form
x 2  y 2  2 gx  2 fy  c  0 , hence a circle.

3
By comparison; 2 g   4, g   2 ; 2 f   3 , f   and c  0
2

 3
Centre is  g ,  f    2 , 
 2

2
 3
Radius, r  g 2  f 2  c   22      0  2.5 units
 2

NOTE:

(i) You are required to continue doing practice wherever you are. The
pandemic will soon come to pass.
(ii) Do practice all the content you were given right from s5.
(iii) Such series of discussions will continue, God willing.
(iv) I wish you God’s blessings in everything you do.
(v) Stay home, maintain social distance and revise. Thank you.

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