ELECTRICAL QUANTITIES AND CIRCUITS

0625/42/F/M/19 0625/41/O/N/18
9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference (p.d.) graphs for a resistor and for a 9 Fig. 9.1 shows the symbol for a 12 V battery.
thermistor.

Fig. 9.1
(a) Two lamps are connected in parallel with the battery. On Fig. 9.1, using the correct
Fig. 9.1 symbols, complete the circuit diagram. [1]
(a) Calculate the resistance of the thermistor when the p.d. across it is 7.0 V. [2]
(b) One of these lamps has a resistance of 6.0 Ω.
Calculate, for this lamp:
(i) the current [1]
(b) In Table 9.1, tick the boxes that indicate the effect on the resistances of the resistor
and of the thermistor when the p.d. across them is increased from 0 to 7.0 V. [2]
Table 9.1
component resistance increases resistance is constant resistance decreases (ii) the power. [2]
resistor
thermistor

(c) The thermistor and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 7.0 V supply.
Calculate:
(i) the current from the supply [2] (c) The power of the other lamp is 36 W.
Calculate the total energy delivered to this lamp in 20 hours. [3]

(ii) the energy transferred from the supply in 5.0 minutes. [2]

[Total:7]
0625/43/M/J/18 0625/41/M/J/18
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a circuit that includes a battery of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 12 V. 7 (a) State, in terms of their structure, why metals are good conductors of electricity.
..........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) A cylindrical metal wire W1, of length l and cross-sectional area A, has a resistance
𝑙
of 16 Ω. A second cylindrical wire W2 having length and cross-sectional area 2A,
2
is made from the same metal.
Fig. 9.1 Determine
The reading on the ammeter is 0.15 A. (i) the resistance of W2, [2]
(a) Calculate the resistance of the circuit. [2]

(ii) the effective resistance of W1 and W2 when connected in parallel. [2]

(b) The variable resistor is adjusted so that its resistance decreases.
(i) State what happens to the reading on the ammeter.
......................................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) State and explain what happens to the reading on the voltmeter. (c) The parallel pair of resistors in (b)(ii) is connected to a battery that is made from
.......................................................................................................................................... three cells in series, each of electromotive force (e.m.f.) E. There is a current in
each resistor.
.......................................................................................................................................... (i) State the e.m.f. of the battery.
......................................................................................................................................[2] ......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) The battery is formed from cells of electromotive force (e.m.f.) 1.5 V. (ii) The current in the battery is IB, the current in W1 is I1 and the current in W2 is I2.
(i) Explain, in terms of electrical energy, what is meant by an electromotive force Place a tick (3) in one box to indicate how these three currents are related.
(e.m.f.) of 1.5 V.
.........................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................[2]

(ii) State how many 1.5 V cells are connected in series to form the battery.
[1]
......................................................................................................................................[1] [Total: 7]
0625/42/F/M/18 (a) (i) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the resistor is increased.
8 (a) The lamp of a car headlight is rated at 12 V, 50 W. Tick the box that indicates the effect on the resistance of the resistor. [1]
Calculate the current in the lamp when operating normally. [2] resistance increases
(b) A car is driven at night. resistance is constant
In a journey, the total charge that passes through the 12 V battery is 270 kC. resistance decreases
(i) Calculate the electrical energy transferred. [3]
4 3
(ii) The fuel used by the car provides 3.6 × 10 J/cm .
(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) applied to the lamp is increased.
Calculate the volume of fuel used to provide the energy calculated in (b)(i). [2]
Tick the box that indicates the effect on the resistance of the lamp. [1]
resistance increases
resistance is constant
resistance decreases

(b) The p.d. across the lamp is 6.0 V. Calculate the resistance of the lamp. [2]

(c) The lamp and the resistor are connected in parallel to a 6.0 V supply.
[Total: 7] Calculate the current from the supply. [2]

9 Fig. 9.1 shows current-potential difference graphs for a resistor and for a lamp.

(d) The lamp and the resistor are connected in series to another power supply. The
current in the circuit is 4.0 A.
Calculate the total p.d. across the lamp and the resistor. [2]

Fig. 9.1 [Total: 8]

0625/43/M/J/17 0625/42/F/M/17
9 A 12 V battery is connected in series to a 24 W 9 Fig. 9.1 shows a graph of current against potential difference (p.d.) for a filament
lamp and to a parallel pair of identical resistors lamp.
X and Y. Fig. 9.1 is the circuit diagram.
The 24 W lamp lights at normal brightness when
the potential difference (p.d.) across it is 6.0 V.
The lamp is at normal brightness.
Fig. 9.1

(a) Calculate the resistance of the lamp. [3]

(b) Determine
(i) the p.d. between A and B, [1]
Fig. 9.1
(a) State what happens to the resistance of the filament of the lamp as the p.d.
changes
(ii) the combined resistance of the parallel pair of identical resistors X and Y, [1]
(i) from 0 V to 1.0 V,
.....................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) from 1.0 V to 8.0 V.
.....................................................................................................................................[1]
(iii) the resistance of X. [2]
(b) At normal brightness, the p.d. across the lamp is 8.0 V.
Calculate, for normal brightness,
(i) the resistance of the lamp, [3]

(c) Resistor X is removed from the circuit in Fig 9.1.

Explain why the lamp becomes dimmer.
..........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... (ii) the power of the lamp. [2]

..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) Five of these lamps, operating at normal brightness, are connected in parallel to a 10 (a) Describe, in terms of particles and the terminals of the battery, the movement
power supply. of charge in an electric circuit.
..........................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Fig. 10.1 shows a lightning flash between a cloud and the ground beneath.

Fig. 10.1
Fig. 9.2
The charge built up on the cloud before the lightning flash is 0.60 C. This charge is
Determine completely transferred to the ground by the lightning flash in 5.0 × 10–5 s (0.000050 s).
(i) the electromotive force (e.m.f.) of the power supply, [1] (i) Calculate the current between the cloud and the ground. [2]

(ii) the current from the power supply. [1]

(ii) The potential difference (p.d.) between the cloud and the ground during the
lightning flash is 2.5 × 108 V.
Calculate the energy transferred during the lightning flash. [2]

(iii) Suggest what happens to the energy calculated in (b)(ii).

..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 9]
[Total: 7]
0625/42/M/J/16 (b) State which particles move through the sensitive ammeter and the direction in
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a conducting ball that oscillates between two charged plates. which they move.
..........................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................... [2]

(c) For each complete oscillation of the ball moving between the plates, a charge of
8.5 × 10–10C is transferred from one plate to the other.
The frequency of oscillation is 4.0 Hz.
Calculate the current shown on the sensitive ammeter. [3]

Fig. 9.1

The ball repeatedly strikes each plate in turn.

(a) Explain, in terms of the charge on the ball, why the ball moves to the positive plate
after striking the negative plate.
.........................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................... [Total: 7]
..........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
10 Fig. 10.1 shows part of the circuit of a hair-dryer with a 240V a.c. supply. 0625/41/M/J/16
9 Fig. 9.1 shows a 12V battery connected in a circuit containing resistors A, B, C and
D. Each resistor has a resistance of 6.0Ω.

Fig. 10.1

The switch can be in one of three positions:

• position A: off (as shown),
• position B: low heater power,
• position C: high heater power. Fig. 9.1

All three heaters X, Y and Z each have a power of 1000W when used in this hair-dryer. (a) Calculate the combined resistance of
Heaters Y and Z have equal resistances. (i) resistors A and B, [1]
Calculate
(a) the resistance of heater X, [2]

(ii) resistors A, B and C, [2]

(b) the resistance of heater Y, [1]

(c) the current in heater Z when the switch is in position C. [2]

(iii) resistors A, B, C and D. [1]

[Total: 5]
(b) Calculate Complete the truth table for this circuit. [3]
(i) the current in the battery, [1]

(ii) the energy transferred from the battery to the circuit in 50 s. [2]

[Total: 7]
(c) Suggest a modification to the circuit in Fig. 10.2 to produce the output Z in the
truth table below.
10 (a) (i) Fig. 10.1 shows the symbol for a circuit component. It may help you to compare this truth table with the truth table in (b).

Fig. 10.1
Name this component.
…........................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) In the space below, draw the symbol for a NOT gate. [1]

..........................................................................................................................................
(b) Fig. 10.2 shows a digital circuit. ..................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 6]

Fig. 10.2