RLC Circuit Transfer Functions

Module 3

Teknik Mesin
Universitas Pertamina
 Basic Elecrical Elements1

dq(t) Dissipative
v(t) = R = Ri(t) = RI(s)
dt element

2
d q(t) di(t)
v(t) = L =L = LsI(s) Storage element
2 dt
dt

1 1 t 1
v(t) = q(t) = ∫ i(𝜏)d𝜏 = I(s) Storage element
C C 0 Cs

1
Assuming zero initial conditions.
 Impedance and Admittance2

Impedance Admittance
Z(s) = V(s) / I(s) Y(s) = I(s) / V(s)

1
R
R

1
Ls
Ls

1
Cs
Cs

2
See Nise's book, chapter 2, page 48.
 Mesh Analysis
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law or KVL

The total sum of all voltages within the loop must be equal to zero.

Example: Find VC (s) / V(s).

v + vL + vR + vC = 0
di(t) 1 t
L + Ri(t) + ∫ i(𝜏)d𝜏 = v(t)
dt C 0
1
LsI(s) + RI(s) + I(s) = V(s)
Cs
 Mesh Analysis
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law or KVL

1
LsI(s) + RI(s) + I(s) = V(s)
Cs

LCs²I(s) + RCsI(s) + I(s) = CsV(s)

(LCs² + RCs + 1)I(s) = CsV(s)

I(s) 1 1
=
C(s) V(s) LCs² + RCs + 1

VC (s) 1
=
V(s) LCs² + RCs + 1
 Nodal Analysis
Kirchhoff's Current Law or KCL

The total current entering a circuits junction is exactly equal to the total current leaving the
same junction.

Example: Find VC (s) / V(s).

I1 (s) = I2 (s)
V1 (s) V2 (s)
=
R + Ls 1 / Cs
VC (s) - V(s) 0 - VC (s)
=
R + Ls 1 / Cs
VC (s) - V(s) VC (s)
+ =0
R + Ls 1 / Cs
 Nodal Analysis
Kirchhoff's Current Law or KCL

VC (s) - V(s) VC (s)

= -
R + Ls 1 / Cs
VC (s) - V(s) R + Ls
= -
VC (s) 1 / Cs
V(s)
1- = - Cs(R + Ls)
Vc (s)
V(s)
1 + Cs(R + Ls) =
Vc (s)

VC (s) 1
=
V(s) LCs² + RCs + 1
 Excercise 13

Find i1 (t), i2 (t), and i3 (t) of the circuit below.

With mesh analysis:

(2s + 2)I1 (s) - (2s + 1)I2 (s) - I3 (s) = V(s)

-(2s + 1)I1 (s) + (9s + 1)I2 (s) - 4sI3 (s) = 0
1
-I1 (s) - 4sI2 (s) + 4s + 1 + I3 (s) = 0
s

Impedance matrix

⏜⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
2s + 2 -(2s⏝⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
+ 1) -1 ⏞
I1 V
-(2s + 1) 9s + 1 -4s
I2 = 0
1
-1 -4s 4s + 1 + I3 0
s

3
Nise's book Example 2.13 p. 56
 Excercise 1
MATLAB code:

syms s I1 I2 I3 V

A = [ (2*s+2) -(2*s+1) -1
-(2*s+1) (9*s+1) -4*s
-1 -4*s (4*s+1+1/s)];
B =[I1;I2;I3];
C =[V;0;0];
B =inv(A)*C;
pretty(B)
 Excercise 1
With nodal analysis:

V1 = V
V1
V4 V4 - V2
V2 - V1 = V3 - V2 +
4s
V2
V4 - V1 V2 - V4 0 - V4
= +
1/s 4s 3s
V3
0 - V3
V3 - V2 =
2s

0
 Excercise 1

V1 = V
V1 = V
V4 - V2 1 V4
V2 - V1 = V3 - V2 + -V1 + 2 + V2 - V3 - =0
4s 4s 4s
V4 - V1 V2 - V4 0 - V4 V2 7
= + -sV1 - + s+ V4 = 0
1/s 4s 3s 4s 12s
0 - V3
V3 - V2 = 1
2s -V2 + 1 + V3 = 0
2s
 Excercise 1

In matrix form:
Admittance matrix

⏜⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
1 0 ⏝⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟⏟
0 0 ⏞
1 1
-1 2 + -1 - V1 V
4s 4s
V2 0
1 7 =
-s - 0 s+ V3 0
4s 12s V 0
4
1
0 -1 1 + 0
2s
 Excercise 1

MATLAB code:

syms s V1 V2 V3 V4 V

A=[1 0 0 0;
-1 2+1/(4*s) -1 -1/(4*s);
-s -1/(4*s) 0 s+(7/(12*s));
0 -1 1+1/(2*s) 0];

B=[V1;V2;V3;V4];
C=[V; 0; 0; 0];
B=inv(A)*C;
pretty(B);
 Excercise 24

The circuit shown in (a) is excited with the pulse shown in (b). Assuming all initial conditions are
all zeroes find vo (t).

vi (t) = 3[u(t) - u(t - 0.005)]

4
Nises's book problems ch. 2 #57
 Excercise 2

L vi (t) = L { 3[u(t) - u(t - 0.005)] }

0.005 VO - Vin 0 - VO
=
= ∫1e -st
dt
2 1
0 4s
0.005 VO - Vin
-st
e + VO = 0
=3 - 8s
s 0 (8s + 1)VO - Vin = 0
0.005s 3 0.005s
3e 3 0.005s 1-e
=- + Vin 3 1-e 8
s s VO = = =
8s + 1 s(8s + 1) 1
3 0.005s s s+
= 1-e 8
s
 Excercise 3

Use the symbolic MATLAB for both mesh and nodal analysis to find the voltage at each passive
components.
 RLC Model Applications

5
Matatos et. al., Advances in Low-Dimensional Mathematical Modeling of the Human Cardiovascular
System
RLC Model Applications
 RLC Model Applications

6
Wang, et. al., Generation in Stenosed Coronary Arteries