PORTFOLIO

IN
DATA
COMMUNICATIONS
SUBMITTED BY:
CACHO,KATHLEEN JOY C.
SUBMITTED TO:
ENGR. ROMULO ROEL U.
PINLAC

FUNDAMENTALS CONCEPTS OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS

4-1. Define communications data code.

4-2. Give some of the alternate names of data communications code.

4-3. Briefly describe the following data communications code: Baudot, ASCII, and EBCDIC.

4-4. Describe the basic concepts of bar codes.

4-5. Describe a discrete bar cod; continuous bar code; 2D bar code.

4-6. Explain the encoding formats used with Code 39 and UPC bar codes.
4-7. Describe what is meant by error control.

4-8. Explain the difference between error detection and error correction.

4-9. Describe the difference between redundancy and redundancy checking.

4-10. Explain vertical redundancy checking.

4-11. Define odd parity; even parity; marking parity;

4-12. Explain the difference between no parity and ignored parity.

4-13. Describe how checksums are used for error detections.

4-14. Explain the longitudinal redundancy checking.

4-15. Describe the difference between character and message parity.

4-16. Describe the cyclic redundancy checking.

4-17. Define forward error connections.

4-18. Explain the difference between using ARQ and a Hamming code.

4-19. What is meant by character synchronization?

4-20. Compare and contrast asynchronous and synchronous serial data formats.

4-21. Describe the basic format used with asynchronous data.

4-22. Define the start and stop bits.

4-23. Describe synchronous data.

4-24. What is a SYN character?

4-25. Define and give some examples of data terminal equipment.

4-26. Define and give examples of data communications equipment.

4-27. List and describe the basic components that make up a data communications circuit.

4-28. Define line control unit and describe its basic functions in a data communications
circuit.

4-29. Describe the basic functions performed by a UART.

4-30. Describe the operation of a UART transmitter and receiver.

4-31. Explain the operation of a start bit verification circuit.

4-32. Explain clock slippage and describe the effects of slipping over and slipping under.

4-33. Describe the differences between UARTs, USRTs, and USARTs

4-34. List the features provided by serial interfaces.

4-35. Describe the purpose of a serial interface.

4-36. Describe the physical, electrical, and functional characteristics of the RS-232 interface.

4-37. Describe the RS-449 interface and give the primary differences between it and the RS-232
interface.

4-38. Describe data communications modems and explain where they are used in data
communications circuits.

4-39. What is meant by a Bell System—compatible modem?

4-40. What is the difference between asynchronous and synchronous modems?

4-41. Define modem synchronization and list its functions.

4-42. Describe modem equalization.

4-43. Briefly describe the following ITU-T modem recommendations: V.29, V.32, V.32bis,
V.32terbo, V.33, V.42, V.42bis, V.32fast, and V.34+.

4-1. Determine the hex codes for the following Baudot codes: C, J, 4, and /.

4-2. Determine the hex codes for the following ASCII codes: C, J, 4, and /.

4-3. Determine the hex codes for the following EBCDIC codes: C, J, 4, and l.

4-4. Determine the left- and right-hand UPC label format for the digit 4.

4-5. Determine the LRC and VRC for the following message (use even parity for LRC and odd
parity for VCR):
4-6. Determine the LRC and VRC for the following message (use even parity for LRC and odd
parity for VCR):

4-7. Determine the BCS for the following data- and CRC-generating polynomials:

4-8. Determine the BCC for the following data- and CRC-generating polynomials:
G(X) = X8 + X5 + X2 -f- XO
P(x) = X5 + x4 + xl + xo

4-9. How many Hamming bits are required for a single EBCDIC character?

4-10. Determine the Hamming bits for the ASCII character "B." Insert the hamming bits into
every other bit location starting from the left.

4-11. Determine the Hamming bits for the ASCII character "C" (use odd parity and two stop
bits). Insert the Hamming bits into every other location starting at the right.
4-12. Determine the noise margins for an RS-232 interface with driver output signal voltages of
±12V.

4-13. Determine the noise margins for an RS-232 interface with driver output signal voltages
of
±II V.

DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING

3-1. Define the following terms: data, information, and data communications network.

3-2. What was the first data communications system that used binary-coded electrical
signals?
3-3. Discuss the relationship between network architecture and protocol.

3-4. Briefly describe broadcast and point-to-point computer networks.

3-5. Define the following terms: protocol, connection-oriented protocols, connectionless

protocols, and protocol stacks.

3-6. What is the difference between syntax and semantics?

3-7. What are data communications standards, and why are they needed?

3-8. Name and briefly describe the differences between the two kinds of data
communications standards.

3-9. List and describe the eight primary standards organizations for data communications.
3-10. Define the open systems interconnection.

3-11. Briefly describe the seven layers of the OSI protocol hierarchy.

3-12. List and briefly describe the basic functions of the five components of a data
communications circuit.

3-13. Briefly describe the differences between serial and parallel data transmission.

3-14. What are the two basic kinds of data communications circuit configurations?

3-15. List and briefly describe the four transmission modes.

3-16. List and describe the functions of the most common components of a computer
network.
3-17. What are the differences between servers and clients on a data communications
network?

3-18. Describe a peer-to-peer data communications network.

3-19. What are the differences between peer-to-peer client/server networks and dedicated
client/server networks?

3-20. What is a data communications network topology?

3-21. List and briefly describe the five basic data communications network topologies.

3-22. List and briefly describe the major network classifications.

3-23. Briefly describe the TCP/IP protocol model.

3-24. Briefly describe the Cisco three-layer protocol model.

DATA-LINK PROTOCOLS AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS

5-1. Define data-link protocol.

5-2. What is meant by a primary station? Secondary station?

5-3. What is a master station? Slave station?

5-4. List and describe the three data-link protocol functions.

5-5. Briefly describe the ENQ/ACK line discipline.

5-6. Briefly describe the poll/select line discipline.

5-7. Briefly describe the stop-and-wait method of flow control.

5-8. Briefly describe the sliding window method of flow control.

5-9. What is the difference between character- and bit-oriented protocols?
-10. Describe the difference between asynchronous and synchronous
protocols.

5-11. Briefly describe how the XMODEM protocol works.

5-12. Why is IBM's 3270 protocol called "bisync"?

5-13. Briefly describe the polling sequence for BSC, including the difference between a general
and specific poll.

5-14. Briefly describe the selection sequence for BSC.

5-15. How does BSC achieve transparency?

5-16. What is the difference between a command and a response with SDLC?

5-17. What are the three transmission states used with SDLC?
5-18. What are the five fields used with SDLC?

5-19. What is the delimiting sequence used with SDLC?

5-20. What are the three frame formats used with SDLC?

5-21. What are the purposes of the ns and nr bit sequences?

5-22. What is the difference between P and F bits?

5.23. With SDLC, which frame types can contain an information field?
5.24. With SDLC, which frame types can be used for error correction?

5.25. What SDLC command/response is used for reporting procedural errors?

5.26. When is the configure command/response used with SDLC?

5.27. What is the go-ahead sequence? The turnaround sequences?

5.28. What is the transparency mechanism used with SDLC?

5.29. What supervisory condition exists with HDLC that is not included in SDLC?

5.30. What are the transparency mechanism and delimiting sequence for HDLC?

5.31. Briefly describe invert-on-zero encoding.

5.32. List and describe the HDLC operational modes.

5.33. Briefly describe the layout for a public switched data network.

5.34. What is a value-added network?

5-35. Briefly describe circuit, message, and packet switching.

5.35. What is a transactional switch? A transparent switch?

5.36. Explain the following terms: permanent virtual circuit, virtual call, and datagram.

5.37. Briefly describe an X.25 call request packet.

5.38. Briefly describe an X.25 data transfer packet.

5.39. Define ISDN.

5.40. List and describe the principles of ISDN.

5.41. List and describe the evolution of ISDN.

5.42. Describe the conceptual view of ISDN and what is meant by the term digital pipe.

5-44. List the objectives of ISDN.

5-45. Briefly describe the architecture of ISDN.

5-46. List and describe the ISDN system connections and interface units.

5-47. Briefly describe BISDN.

5-48. Briefly describe asynchronous transfer mode.

5-49. Describe the differences between virtual channels and virtual paths.

5-50. Briefly describe the ATM header field; ATM information field.

5-51. Describe the following ATM network components: ATM endpoints, ATM switches, ATM
transmission paths.
5-52. Briefly describe a local area network.

5-53. List and describe the most common LAN topologies.

5-54. Describe the following LAN transmission formats: baseband and broadband.

5_55. Describe the two most common LAN access methodologies.

5-56. Briefly describe the history of Ethernet

5-57. Describe the Ethernet standard notation.

5-58. List and briefly describe the 10-Mbps Ethernet systems.

5-59. List and briefly describe the 100-Mbps Ethernet systems.

5-60. List and briefly describe the 1000-Mbps Ethernet systems.

5-61. Describe the two most common Ethernet frame formats.

5-1. Determine the hex code for the control field in an SDLC frame for the following conditions:
information frame, poll, transmitting frame 4, and confirming reception of frames 2, 3, and 4.
5-2. Determine the hex code for the control field in an SDLC frame for the following conditions:
supervisory frame, ready to receive, final, and confirming reception of frames 6, 7, and O.

5-3. Insert Os into the following SDLC data stream:

1 1 1 001 000 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 00 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 00 1 1 1 1 01 01 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 001 01 1

5-4. Delete Os from the following SDLC data stream:

01 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 00 01 1 01 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 0 1 01 1 1 1 1 01 01 1 1 00 01 1 1 1 1 00

5-5. Sketch the NRZI waveform for the following data stream (start with a high condition):

100111001010
5-6. Determine the hex code for the control field in an SDLC frame for the following conditions:
information frame, not a poll, transmitting frame number 5, and confirming the reception of
frames 0, 1, 2, and 3.

5-7. Determine the hex code for the control field in an SDLC frame for the following conditions:
supervisory frame, not ready to receive, not a final, and confirming reception of frames 7, O, 1,
and 2.

5-8. Insert Os into the following SDLC data stream:

5-9. Delete Os from the following SDLC data stream:

5-10. Sketch the NRZI levels for the following data stream (start with a high condition):

11010001101