All the Wrong Moves
Case Study Analysis
Nanci Edmond
Kevin Hannon
Stephanie Maras
Khalil Muhammad
Rachel Rufer
Don Rifkin does not want to appear dictatorial and actively avoids conflict. Instead, he fostered
an open, participatory decisionmaking process at Nutrorim. He simply convenes committees who
propose solutions that are forwarded to senior management for a vote. However, his one method has
yielded uneven, and often untimely, results. Rather than achieving true consensus, his groups simply lack
divergent viewpoints that generate multiple solutions. By excluding Steve Ford from the recall
committee, he lost the opportunity to engender healthy conflict. Don does not engage himself, observing
Laurence Wiseman’s advocacy for Dipensit without encouraging the subcommittee’s apprehensions
against it. In effect, he has become a decision facilitator instead of a decision maker.
This evidence points to the critical issue at Nutrorim: Don needs to embrace alternative
decisionmaking styles. Decisionmaking by committee is not effective in all situations, and he must
evolve beyond it. He is so singularly focused on maintaining a democratic culture he sacrifices timely,
effective decisions for superficial, groupthinkled consensus.
We believe Don is capable of expanding his decisionmaking tool kit (Argyris 61). Cooperation
with the boardhired consultant, Gibson Bryer, indicates an openness to change. We will capitalize on
the process review by having the consultant work intensively with Don on developing alternative
decisionmaking styles. A multiday retreat with Bryer will inculcate the specific solution process outlined
below to augment and improve his decisionmaking style. Bryer would serve as our conduit for these
solutions.
First, Bryer needs to address Don’s selfawareness. Don’s encounter with a tyrannical boss
drives his overreliance on committees for even basic decisions. He thinks he’s the kind of democratic
CEO he values without realizing he’s jettisoned two critical components– decisionmaking and
accountability– to others. Bryer will reiterate to Don that while there’s appreciation of his inclusive style,
it is not a panacea for all decisions. Instead, Bryer will emphasize unilateral decisionmaking is consistent
with Don’s position, not dictatorial. It is essential for decisions that require bold leadership, quick action,
and divergent solutions.
Bryer will then perform a “lookback” at the recall decisionmaking process with Don to expose
the flaws of his current solutionbycommittee consensus approach (Davenport 190). He will point out
that a committee was a wise move but poorly executed. He will show Don that he should have
constructed a team of the mostrelevant, experienced stakeholders, including Ford. Diversity, not
avoidance of adversity, should always be promoted to engender decisive dialogue that explores multiple
options with candor, informality, openness, and closure (Charan 60). Instead, Don avoided conflict by
assembling a crossfunctional team that sidestepped the inquiry process, succumbing to groupthink. In
addition to creating a more diverse committee, Bryer will instruct Don to lead future major decision
discussions to push committees to consider all options and moderate advocacy from the “squeakier
wheels” (Garvin and Roberto 114).
Bryer will next begin what Thomas H. Davenport calls a decision “intervention” to expand and
improve Don’s decisionmaking process (187). First, Bryer will have Don identify and prioritize pending
decisions. Next, Don will inventory each decision’s components, including identifying stakeholders,
roles, gathering information, and determining how routine the decision is (Davenport 189). They will
brainstorm decisionmaking alternatives to his standard, integrative approach, identifying triggers
highlighted by the inventory process. Essentially, Bryer will coach Don to “decide how to decide”
(Davenport 189).
Bryer’s presentation revealed Don’s inclusive decisionmaking sacrificed timeliness if its
outcome yielded winners and losers. After determining the magnitude of the decision to be made
(money involved, diversity of stakeholders), Don could apply his inquirydriven, committee process to
major decisions and send its solution to the senior managers. If gauged particularly time sensitive, he
must confront conflict headon in meetings, then employ a unilateralbygroup decisionmaking method.
Conversely, Bryer found the committee process worked when there was a certain amount of
predictability. Such routine decisions can be even more efficiently called by Don unilaterally after
gathering basic information.
Brousseau et al. discuss how executives can be categorized based on their use of information.
Don’s hierarchic approach, maximizing information gathering but tending toward a singular solution, is
outmoded. His overlyoptimistic view of committees can skew outcomes toward groupthink. Being
more directly decisive will reinforce Don’s role as the leader of Nutrorim and mentor a new, integrative
decisionmaking culture.
To gauge Don’s progress developing and applying new decisionmaking styles for different
situations, he and Bryer will conduct monthly lookbacks for one year to dissect and evaluate decision
effectiveness. This will constitute examining outcomes in light of Davenport’s inventory process.
We anticipate resistance from senior management to Don’s new, more engaged
decisionmaking process. Used to calling final decisions by majority vote, Don’s utilization of unilateral
decisionmaking will occasionally disenfranchise them. Also, by integrating strong personalities like
Wiseman and Ford into decisionmaking committees, Don will challenge their positions via the inquiry
process. It should be accepted that some managers may quit. Similarly, Nutrorim may also suffer a drop
in general morale. Don’s inclusive decisionmaking style was valued, and his new process may alienate
the employees satisfied with the status quo.
Fortunately, as communication and inclusion are Don’s strong suits, these obstacles may be
overcome. Don could release a memo briefly outlining the findings of Bryer’s process review and citing
a need for change for the good of the company. He could then facilitate meetings which lead to what
many employees already know he must be a bold leader on certain types of decisions.
Our solution to Don’s decisionmaking problems depends on his willingness to change. He will
need to curtail his forays into different departments and focus on his decisionmaking process.
Moreover, he may decide that unilateral decisionmaking runs counter to his strong belief in a
participatory democracy and decide to leave rather than alter Nutrorim’s culture. Or, after his oneyear
evaluation period, he may prove unable to change, and the board may need to take action to remove
him as CEO. However, we believe Don is invested in Nutrorim’s success. The outlined process will
convince him that Nutrorim’s future success depends on the expansion of his decisionmaking style.