Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES SUR

Learning Activity Sheet # 1.1

THE SIX TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS
Quarter 4 – Week 1
Name of Learner: ________________________________ Score: ___________
Learning Area: MATHEMATICS 9 Section: ____________ Date: ___________

INTRODUCTION
Trigonometry is one of the important branches in the history of Mathematics
which studies the sides and angles of a triangle with the help of trigonometric
ratios, this concept was developed by a Greek mathematician and astronomer,
Hipparchus. In this learning activity sheet, you will learn about the six trigonometric
ratios.

LEARNING COMPETENCY
The learner illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent,
secant, cosecant, and cotangent. (M9GE-IVa-1)

LEARNING ACTIVITIES
The ratios of the sides of a right triangle are called trigonometric ratios. In a
right triangle, we can define actually six trigonometric ratios.
Consider the right triangle ABC below. In this triangle we let 𝜃 (𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒕𝒂)
represents ∠𝐵 .Then the leg denoted by a is the side adjacent to 𝜃,and the leg
denoted by b is the side opposite to 𝜃.
A

SOH –CAH-TOA is the mnemonic

Opposite b
c used for remembering the
hypotenuse trigonometric ratios/functions.
𝜃
C B
a
adjacent

figure 1
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 NOTICE that the three new ratios at the right are reciprocal of the ratios on the left.
Trigonometric Relationship to a side Relationship to a side
Trigonometric ratio
ratio of a right triangle of a right triangle
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 Cosecant(csc)𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Sine(sin) 𝜃 1
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 Secant(sec) 𝜃 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
Cosine(cos) 𝜃 1
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 Cotangent(cot) 𝜃 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Tangent (tan) 𝜃 1
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃

Examples: Determine the equation or formula to find the missing parts of the triangle.

Solve for s in figure 2. Solve for p in figure 2.

Solution: Solution:
s
T P ∠𝑃 is an acute angle, t is the ∠𝑃 is an acute angle, t is the
53°
hypotenuse, s is the side hypotenuse, and p is the
p adjacent to ∠𝑃. Use CAH, opposite side of ∠𝑃. Use SOH,
t=12
that is, that is,
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
cos 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
S 𝑠 𝑝
cos P = sin P =
C 𝑡 𝑡
figure 2 cos 53° =
𝑠
sin 53° =
𝑝
12 12
s = 12 cos 53° p = 12 sin 53°

Solve for a Solve for c

Solution: Solution:
B ∠𝐵 is an acute angle, b is ∠𝐵 is an acute angle, b is the
the opposite side, and a is opposite side, and c is the
67° side adjacent to ∠𝐵.Use hypotenuse of the given
c TOA, that is, acute angle, Use SOH, that is
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a tan 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑏 𝑏
tan B = sin B =
𝑎 𝑐
A 10.6 10.6
C b=10.6 tan 67° = sin 67° =
𝑎 𝑐
a tan 67° = 10.6 c sin 67° = 10.6
𝟏𝟎.𝟔 𝟏𝟎.𝟔
figure 3 a = c =
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟔𝟕° 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔𝟕°

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 ACTIVITY 1 Choose Me!

Direction: Select the best answer. Write the letter of the correct answer in the space
provided.

_______ 1. Give the ratio of tangent 𝜃.

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. b. c. d.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
_______ 2. What is the formula for secant?
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
a. b. c. d.
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Y
_______ 3. Identify side XZ, with respect to the marked angle.
a. altitude b. hypotenuse
c. opposite d. adjacent 𝜃
Z X
_______ 4. The reciprocal of sine is the ___.
a. secant b. cosecant c. cotangent d. cosine
_______ 5. What is the correct equation to solve for x ?
𝑥 𝑥
a. tan 45°= b. cos 45°= x
13 13
13 𝑥 13
c. sin 45° = d. sin 45° = 45°
𝑥 13

ACTIVITY 2 Find Me!

Direction: Find the value of each trigonometric ratio. Express your answers in fraction.

Example: 1. sin C 2. sec Z 3. csc Z

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
Tan Z= 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 Z
21
Tan Z =28 40
3
32
Tan z =4
X
Y
24

ACTIVITY 3 Find My x!
Direction: Determine the equation or formula to find a missing part of the triangle.

Example: Answer: 1. A
A 𝑥
Sin 60°= 17
17 17
x = 17 sin 60°
x
C 60° B
C 60° B x

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2. A 3. A
20
x x

C 27° B
C 51° B
1
4 A 5. A 0
12
x 40° x
53°
C B C B
20

ANSWER KEY
ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2 ACTIVITY 3
1. b 1.
4
1. x = 17cos 60°
5
2. d 2.
5
2. x = 20 sin 27°
4
3. d 3.
5
3. x =
1
3 cos 51°
4. b 4. x =
20
tan 40°
5. c 5. x = 12 sin 53°

REFERENCES
Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material, DepEd, pp. 433-434

Management Team of Learning Activity Sheet

Writer: MERLINDA M. MARTINEZ – Camaligan National High School

Reviewer: DESIREE R. EUSTE – Milaor National High School

Editor: ESTEFANI C. SOLANO – Milaor National High School
Layout Artist: ROWEL S. BRIÑAS – Ocampo National High School
Validators: RICHE B. LIZARDO – Baao National High School
MELANY A. OLARVE – Pamukid National High School
MA. TERESA P. FERNAN-CABRERA – Mambulo Nuevo High School
MAFEL D. SALAZAR – Calabanga National High School
JONATHAN G. GOYALA – Pinaglabanan National High School

Address: Freedom Sports Complex, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur

Email: [email protected]
Website: www.depedcamsur.com
Telephone No: (telefax) 8713340